2019届人教版高考英语一轮复习练习：选修8 Unit 5 知能演练轻松闯关（含答案解析）

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1、阅读提速练阅读理解A(2018长郡中学新高三实验班选拔考试)While beach vacations may be a great way to take your mind off work，lakes surrounded by mountains make for an even grander experience.If you are looking for peace on your vacation，we have some recommendations for you in the Caucasus(高加索)Lake SevanLake Sevan is situated

2、in the central part of Armenia，in the Gegharkunik Province.It is the largest lake in Armenia，located 6，234ft above sea level.Along the lake shore，there are various accommodations such as resorts and hotels with plenty of activities to partake such as windsurfing，swimming and sunbathing.While there，d

3、o not forget to visit one of the famous cultural monuments，the Sevanavank monastery，and it offers a great view of the lake as well.Paravani LakeParavani Lake， located 6，801ft above sea level，is in the south of Georgia，near the Javakheti Plateau.At this level，altitude sickness can occur and it is a g

4、ood idea to be prepared to adapt to it properly，or bring medication for altitude sickness.Being a volcanic lake makes for a more interesting experience.The lake is best known for fishing.Do not come home during the winter months when the lake freezes.Lake CildirLake Cildir is located in the Ardahan

5、Province，east Turkey，near the borders with Georgia and Armenia.It is a large freshwater lake of eastern Turkey，and many tourists are not aware of this beautiful attraction.Lake Cildir is surrounded by mountains of the Caucasus.The lake freezes during late November.If the winter is not extremely cold

6、，you can try some lake activities like ice skating and ice fishing.Lake VanLake Van is the must visit of all lakes in this list，the largest lake in Turkey.Lake Van is located on the eastern shore of Turkey and is also the most accessible lake there.Its situated 5，380ft above sea level，and unique to

7、many lakes around the world，the water is high in salt content.【解题导语】 本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了供人们度假的好去处高加索地区的一些湖泊。1If you want to visit some historic sites during your travel by a lake，you can go to_ALake Cildir BParavani LakeCLake Sevan DLake VanC 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “do not forget to visit one of the famous c

8、ultural monuments，the Sevanavank monastery”可知，度假期间如果你想参观历史性建筑可以到 Lake Sevan。故选 C。2What is special about Lake Van?AIts water is high in salt.BIt is a volcanic lake.CIt is globally the largest lake.DIt is surrounded by mountains.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第五段中的 “and unique to many lakes around the world， the water

9、is high in salt content”可知，Lake Van 的特色是湖水的盐度高。故选 A。3What challenge are travelers most likely to face while visiting Paravani Lake?ALack of medicine.BVolcano eruptions.CAltitude sickness.DLow temperature all the year.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “At this level，altitude sickness can occur and it is a good idea

10、 to be prepared to adapt to it properly，or bring medication for altitude sickness.”可知，在游览 Paravani Lake 时，游客们最有可能面临的挑战就是高原反应。故选 C。B(2018陕西部分学校第一学期摸底检测)I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.Recently, I had to chan

11、ge my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place, with my two daughters.The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep(陡的) stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we went down the narrow stairs, where there was hardly

12、 any space for another person to either climb up or come down.Just as I was in the middle of the stairs, a man entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase(楼梯). I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up. I kept coming down as fast as I could.

13、My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort.Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance d

14、oor which he kept holding open. I looked back, thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman w

15、ho was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.Such well mannered people are hard to find these days when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. We applauded for his chivalry(彬彬有礼)【解题导语】 在这个忙碌的现代社会，彬彬有礼、体贴他人的品质变得尤为珍贵。作者讲述了自己经历的一件事情，并赞扬了这种良

16、好的品质。4What is the meaning of the underlined word “courtesy” in Paragraph 1?AA brave action. BSacrifice spirit.CA considerate action. DSelfish behavior.C 解析：词义猜测题。根据下文故事中的男人为作者让路并且开门可推测出，这是一种体贴的行为，故选 C 项。 A 项意为“勇敢的行为” ；B 项意为“牺牲精神” ；D 项意为“自私的行为” 。5What did the author think of the man at the first sigh

17、t of him?AHe was in a hurry.BHe would wait for her.CHe would pass her rudely.DHe was a man with good manners.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.”可知，作者本认为这个男人会粗鲁地挤开她上楼梯，故选 C 项。6Why did the authors daughters worry about her?AShe was easy to be nervous.BShe to

18、ok up too much space.CShe was too old to walk fast.DShe focused too much on the man.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “knowing I was a nervous sort”可知，作者是一个很容易紧张的人，故选 A 项。7What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4?AHe might be a waiter of the caf.BHe might have an urgent business to do.CHe loved a daughter

19、of the author.DHe would hold the door open for all.B 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time.”以及下文谈到她们都来不及对这个男人说一声谢谢可推知，那个男人上楼梯，一次上两级台阶，应该是有急事要做，故选 B 项。C(2018湖南部分重点中学考前演练)Its well known to car drivers that red means “stop”， green means “go”， and yellow means “hurry up and make

20、that damn light”Why those colors, though? The answer lies in the fact that the earliest traffic signals were designed for trains, not cars.They were red and green, gaspowered, and more than a little dangerous in the event of a leak.Red is an inherited(继承的) symbol from railroads, which symbolizes dan

21、ger in many cultures.As red has a longer wavelength than any other color on the visible spectrum(光谱), it can be seen from a greater distance than other colors.Red has meant “stop” since long before cars existed, with train signals use of red dating back to the days when mechanical arms lifted and lo

22、wered to indicate whether the rail ahead was clear.Greens wavelength is next to(and shorter than) yellows on the visible spectrum, meaning its still easier to see than any color other than red and yellow.Back in the early days of railway lights, green meant “caution”， while the “allclear” light was,

23、 well, clear or white.It is said that several disastrous collisions happened after an engineer mistook stars in the night for an allclear.Thus, green became “go”， and for a long time, railways used only green and red to signal trains.From the earliest days of motoring up until the mid1900s，not all s

24、top signs were redmany were yellow, because at night it was all but impossible to see a red stop sign in a poorly lit area.In 1915 the yellow stopsign craze began in Detroit, a city that five years later installed its first electric traffic signal, which happened to include the very first yellow tra

25、ffic light.But what of those mysterious yellow stop signs? As materials and technologies evolved, the ability to produce highly reflective signs meant that red could resume its natural spot in the sign hierarchy, leaving the stillhighlyvisible yellow to the domain(领域) of “caution”Thats why school zo

26、nes and buses, crosswalks, and other important warnings are yellow today.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。我们都知道“红灯停，绿灯行，黄灯亮了快点走”的交通规则，但交通信号灯为什么是红、黄、绿三种颜色呢？本文主要介绍了交通信号灯的起源和发展。8What were traffic lights originally intended for?ATrains. BCars.CPlanes. DShips.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “The answer lies in the fact that the earli

27、est traffic signals were designed for trains，not cars.”可知，最初，交通信号灯是为火车而不是汽车的通行而设计的。故选 A。9Whats the main reason for reds long being used to mean “stop”？AIt can be seen even in dark areas.BIt represents danger in many cultures.CIt has the longest wavelength.DPeople prefer red to other colors.C 解析：细节理解

28、题。根据第二段中的 “As red has a longer wavelength than any other color on the visible spectrum(光谱 )，it can be seen from a greater distance than other colors.”可知，由于红色在可见光谱中波长最长，因此可视距离要比其他颜色更远，这也是其能长期被用作表示“停止”的交通信号的原因。故选 C。10Which of the following may the author agree with?AThe meaning of red is culturespecif

29、ic.BYellow functioned as stop signs in the 1900s.CGreens wavelength is just second to that of red.DGreens role in lights has changed over time.D 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的内容尤其是 “green meant caution”“green becamego”可知，随着时间的变化，绿色在交通信号灯中所扮演的角色也发生了巨大的变化。故选 D。11What does the passage mainly talk about?AThe signific

30、ance of road traffic signs.BThe history of railroad transportation.CThe symbolic meaning of different colors.DThe origin and development of traffic lights.D 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，本文主要讲述了交通信号灯的起源与发展，并解释了这三种颜色(红、黄、绿 )的物理性质及为什么会被用作交通信号灯。故 D 项最为全面地概括了文章的主要内容。D(2018哈师大附中高三检测)Many animals recognize their food

31、 because they see it.So do humans.When you see an apple or a piece of chocolate, you know that these are things you can eat.You can also use other senses when you choose your food.You may like it because it smells good or because it tastes good.You may dislike some types of food because they do not

32、look, smell or taste very nice.Different animals use different senses to find and choose their food.A few animals depend on only one of their senses, while most animals use more than one sense.Although there are many different types of food, some animals spend their lives eating only one type.The gi

33、ant panda eats only one particular type of bamboo.Other animals eat only one type of food even when given the choice.A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden.However, most animals have a more varied diet.The bear e

34、ats fruits and fish.The fox eats small animals, birds and fruits.The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.Humans have a very varied diet.We often eat food because we like it and not because it is good for us.In countries such as France and Britain, people eat foods with to

35、o much sugar.This makes them overweight, which is bad for their health.Eating too much red meat and animal products, such as butter, can also be bad for health.Choosing the right food, therefore, has become an area of study in modern life.【解题导语】 本文介绍了动物和人利用感官识别食物以及对食物的选择。12We can infer from the text

36、 that humans and animals_Adepend on one sense in choosing foodBare not satisfied with their foodCchoose food in similar waysDeat entirely different foodC 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “Many animals recognize their food because they see it.So do humans.”可知， 动物和人选择食物的方式是相似的。故选 C 项。13Which of the following eats onl

37、y one type of food?AThe white butterfly. BThe small bird.CThe bear. DThe fox.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “A kind of white butterfly will stay on the leaves of a cabbage, even though there are plenty of other vegetables in the garden.”可知， 很多动物只吃一种类型的食物， 如白蝴蝶只热衷于卷心菜。故选 A 项。14Certain animals change their choice

38、 of food when_Athe season changesBthe food color changesCthey move to different placesDthey are attracted by different smellsA 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的最后一句 “The diet of these animals will be different depending on the season.”可知， 一些动物会根据季节的变化而改变食物的选择。故选 A 项。15We can learn from the last paragraph that_Afood

39、is chosen for a good reasonBFrench and British food is goodCsome people have few choices of foodDsome people care little about healthy dietD 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可以看出， 一部分人并不在意自己吃的食物是否健康。故选 D 项。七选五(2018惠州高三第一次调研考试)My father used to be an amateur wrestler and national champion. He was forced by his fath

40、er to give up the sport in order to obtain gainful employment, which meant he wouldnt be able to win a medal for our country.Therefore, he made a vow that his unborn son would realize his unfinished dream. 1._ He was about to give up hope when one day, my younger sister Babita and I beat up two boys

41、 accidentally in response to critical comments. My dad found our potential to become wrestlers and began coaching us. 2._We were required to do physical training early in the morning and have short haircuts to avoid lice.3_ We complained about him all the time. Gradually, I realized that he wanted u

42、s to have a good future and not grow up to be ordinary housewives. Motivated, we willingly participated in his coaching.With great efforts, he made us competitive wrestlers and I won junior and senior championships, providing me with a chance to gain training in the National Sports Academy, where pr

43、ide and agony fulfilled my mind. 4._ As a result, I found myself losing every match at the international level.After that, I turned to him for help. Then he coached me patiently.Despite difficulty, I finally became the first Indian female wrestler to qualify for the Olympics, inspiring dozens of Ind

44、ian women to take to wrestling. Even now, Papas words are still in my mind “Geeta，think about all the girls who are thought to be inferior to boys，girls who are forced to do chores，girls who are married and have children. Not only will you compete with other countries, but also with those who look d

45、own upon women！” I will never forget about Fathers instruction. 5._ABut his methods were cruel.BI almost abandoned what Papa had taught me.CDisappointingly, my mother gave birth to all girls.DMy sister and I tried to escape.EI will always owe all success to him.FAt first, my sister and I did not und

46、erstand our father.GHowever，my mother didn t agree with him.【解题导语】 “我”的爸爸曾经是业余的摔跤运动员和全国冠军，但被迫放弃了摔跤，他把所有的希望都寄托在未出生的儿子身上，但是“我”的妈妈生的都是女孩。一天爸爸发现了“我”和妹妹身上的摔跤天赋，并开始对我们进行严格训练，最终“我”成为印度第一位取得参加奥运会资格的女子摔跤运动员。1C 解析：根据空处前一句可知，他要让他未出生的儿子实现他未完成的梦；结合第二段中的第一句“He was about to give up hope when one ments.”可知，他几乎放弃了希望

47、；据此可以判断， “我”的妈妈生的都是女孩，所以父亲很失望，故 C 项符合语境。2A 解析：根据空处后一句 “We were required to do physical training early in the morning and have short haircuts to avoid lice.”可知，我们在清晨便要参加训练，必须剪成短发；据此可以判断，父亲的训练方法很残酷，故 A 项符合语境。3F 解析：本段讲述了我们对于爸爸残酷的训练方式从不情愿到接受的心态的变化；根据空处后一句“We complained about him all the time.”可知，我们开始对父亲

48、是抱怨、不理解的。故选 F 项。4B 解析：根据空处后一句和下文中的 “After that, I turned to him for help.”可知， “我”在国际水平的比赛中总是失败，而上文中讲的却是“我”不断胜利，拿到冠军；由此可知“我”摒弃了爸爸教给“我”的方法，结果在每一场国际水平的比赛中“我”都输了，故选 B 项。5E 解析：本段叙述了爸爸的话，结合空处前一句 “I will never forget about Fathers instruction.”可知， “我”不会忘记爸爸的教导，并从全文来看， “我”的成功与爸爸是分不开的。故选 E 项。语言知识与写作规范练完形填空(2

49、018惠州高三第一次调研考试)My mother was a gift giver. The occasion never _1_Christmas, birthdays, anniversaries or no occasion at all.She was always thinking about who might _2_ what. Creativity and _3_ went into the gifts she gave, and she _4_ a thankyou note. Once she sent out notes to her own children and gra