2019届（外研版）高考英语一轮复习练习：选修8 Module5知能演练轻松闯关（含答案解析）

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1、 阅读理解A(2018福州高三适应性练习)No human has set foot on the Moon since 1972. Now，after more than four decades of inactivity，interest in putting humans back on the Moon is finally heating up again. But who will get there first?CHINAOn 14 December 2013，China successfully landed its Jade Rabbit rover(探测车)on the

2、Moon. It is now working on its next exploration mission. Named Change 4，the mission is scheduled to touch down in the Aitken Basin near the end of 2018. If successful，it will be the first landing on the Moons far side.RUSSIARussia plans a manned Moon landing in 2030. It is currently working on a pro

3、ject whose idea is that the landers will explore the south pole of the Moon，exploring for resources such as minerals and water ice to be used to provide for a human outpost(前哨站) INDIAFollowing the success of its Chandrayaan1 in 2008，India announced a followon mission. Chandrayaan2 was meant to coope

4、rate with Russia. But when the Russians failed to deliver the promised lander in 2013，India decided to go it alone. Chandrayaan2 is about to be sent up in 2018.US.A.In December 2018，NASA plans to send up the Exploration Mission 1，an uncrewed test of their Orion astronaut capsule in which the craft w

5、ill circle around the Moon before returning to Earth. All being well，a crewed capsule will follow in 2023. Should the mission prove a success， the astronauts will be the first humans to see the far side of the Moon with their own eyes since Apollo 17 in 1972.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国、俄罗斯、印度和美国的登月计划。1W

6、hat will China do in its next space mission?AImprove its Jade Rabbit rover.BWork with other countries.CLand Change 4 on the Moon.DExplore the south pole of the Moon.C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，嫦娥四号将在 2018 年底降落在月球Aitken Basin 地区。据此可知，中国的下一步空间计划是嫦娥四号登月，故 C 项正确。2Why did India try to carry out its followon mi

7、ssion alone?AIt couldn t find a partner.BIt didnt get the lander as planned.CThe Russians refused to work with India.DIt planned to launch Chandrayaan2 in advance.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段第三句可知，由于俄罗斯没能给印度提供着陆器，因此印度决定自己实施登月计划，故 B 项正确。3Which country is interested in resources on the Moon?ARussia. BChina.CIndia

8、. DU.S.A.A 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，当前俄罗斯正启动一项工程，其思路是登陆器将探索月球的南极，寻找矿物质和水冰等资源以供人类前哨站使用。故 A 项正确。4What can we know from the text?ARussia has built a human outpost on the Moon.BChina will be the first to see the far side of the Moon.CU.S.A. will send a crewed capsule to the Moon in the future.DHumans have ke

9、pt active in exploring the Moon since 1972.C 解析：推理判断题。根据第五段第二句可知，如果一切顺利，美国将于 2023 年发送载人太空舱登月。据此可知，美国将在未来实施载人登月计划，故 C 项正确。B(2018合肥高三调研性检测)In our everyday lives we meet situations in which we take many things for granted. We only treasure things when they are gone. This is a sad truth of human nature.

10、 One day, I found myself as a witness to a similar situation.One evening, I left work and boarded the train. After entering, I noticed something unusual. The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded with people standing. I didnt pay much attention and sat down on one of t

11、he empty seats. I sensed a funny smell. It wasnt long before I noticed a homeless person sleeping on three seats in front of me. He was bleeding from his nose. Why wasnt anyone helping him?His clothes were torn and he was giving off a strange smell. Along with the smell, his eyes were dull, watery,

12、and red. Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had committed a crime. As the train stopped at stations and more people came in they covered their noses and faced away from him. All the seats around him were empty.Suddenly, he began to swear at the people around him. A p

13、lainclothes police officer who looked like a construction worker took out his certificate and showed it to the homeless man. The officer, not wanting to touch the homeless man, told him his rights and directed him to exit the train. As the officer walked the man out of the train, the homeless man tu

14、rned around and said “MY HOME！” and started crying.A man doesnt value things until they are gone. If he didnt have a home, at least he had freedom. Now he has neither. No one wants to help someone who wont help himself.【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。乘坐火车时， “我”发现了一个流浪汉，他衣衫褴褛，身上散发异味，乘客们避而远之。突然，他开始咒骂他周围的乘客。后来流浪汉被便衣警察

15、带走，他不仅没有家，这一次还失去了自由。5When entering the car, how did the author feel at first?AAnnoyed BPuzzled.CSad. DCalm.B 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，车厢中部有一些空座位，而两头却挤满了站着的人；据此可以判断， “我”感到很困惑，故 B 项正确。6How did people react to the homeless man?AThey caught him and called the police.BThey covered him with clean clothes.CThey

16、 disliked and avoided him.DThey stared at him curiously.C 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段第三句可知，车厢中部有一些空座位，而两头却挤满了站着的人；根据第三段第三句可知，流浪汉偶尔抓挠自己，人们看着他，好像他曾经犯罪了一样；据此可以判断，人们不喜欢他，避免和他接触，故 C 项正确。7It can be learned that the policeman_Awas very rude to the manBsent the man back to his hometownCforced the man to leave the cityDw

17、ent off the train with the manD 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，警官最后带着这个流浪汉走下了火车，故 D 项正确。8What does the author think of the homeless man?AHe is a loser of life.BHe is worth our respect.CHe is very funny.DHe is a fearless fighter.A 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第二、第三句可知，如果他没有家，至少他还有自由，如今他两个都没有了。据此可以判断，他是一个生活的失败者，故 A 项正确。C(201

18、8云南高三 11 校跨区调研考试)Spider(蜘蛛) webs have something in common with guitar strings. The long, thin strings on a guitar can vibrate(振动). They move back and forth, or from side to side. So do webs made by spiders. The lines of silk they produce can carry vibrations. This movement gives the small creature i

19、nformation about what landed on the web.Spiders have eight legs and usually eight eyes. The animals build webs with their own soft, naturallymade silk. And much like playing the strings of a guitar, a spider can send out vibrations across its web over many different frequencies(频率). Spiders catch th

20、eir food, usually insects in their webs. They make small movements, which spread across their webs. The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the webmaybe a possible mate，or something tasty to eat.Vibrations are not just used to spot what is for dinner. They are also importa

21、nt in courtship(求爱), so lots of males will actually create a very specific kind of musical pattern which the females can use to determine not only that theyre a male, but theyre the right species, and whether they might want to mate with them as well.Spiders make their own vibrations to find out the

22、 condition of the webs. By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them when they hang out in the middle of the web.Spiders have a special ability to shape the physical nature of their selfmade materials and creations. Scientists think th

23、at spider silk may have changed over time for this purpose.【解题导语】 本文介绍了蜘蛛吐出的蛛丝可以传播不同频率的振动，这些振动让它们知道蜘蛛网上落下了什么东西并且这些振动在求爱中也非常重要。9How does a spider feel that an insect is caught in the web?AThrough its sense of sight.BThrough vibrations of its web.CThrough different frequencies.DThrough a musical patte

24、rn.B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“The vibrations can give the spider details about what is caught in the web”可知，蜘蛛可以通过蛛网的振动知道有东西落到蛛网上了。故选B 项。10What does the underlined word “They” in Paragraph 2 probably refer to?AInsects. BStrings.CSpiders. DVibrations.A 解析：代词指代题。根据第二段的 “Spiders catch their food. across their w

25、ebs.”可知，蜘蛛在它们的蛛网上捕食，一般捕到的都是昆虫。它们制造出传遍整张蛛网的小振动。所以 They 指代的是昆虫。11Which of the following statements is TRUE?ASilk produces vibrations as the strings of a guitar do.BFemale spiders make special sounds to attract a partner.CHunting will be hard for spiders if the silk is loose.DThe tightness of silk cant

26、 be adjusted once its made.C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “By controlling the tightness of the material, they can effectively control how information is getting to them”可知，蛛网的紧密度对蜘蛛捕猎至关重要，故选 C 项。12The text mainly tells readers _Aguitars and spider webs are similarBspider webs have various functionsCspiders are

27、skillful in hunting insectsDvibrations are vital in a spiders lifeD 解析：主旨大意题。根据整篇文章的叙述，尤其是第二段中的最后一句可知，D项正确。七选五(2018广东七校联考)It is necessary to be reasonable and flexible enough to avoid conflicts as much as possible and live in peace with others. 1._If you have done all your best to avoid conflicts an

28、d you are still arguing, then read these effective tips on how to avoid conflicts.Dont get in the center of the conflict.Sometimes people can get in the center of conflicts due to their enthusiasm for offering help. Frankly speaking, it is very unwise, because it can make you the main figure of the

29、conflict. 2._ You should focus on your own life issues.Be kind.3._ Life is full of conflicts and disagreements, and thats why you should find more conservative ways of dealing with them. For example, kindness can lessen the conflict. Try to be a peacekeeper. Peacekeepers tend to cooperate with peopl

30、e without bad emotions which usually lead to arguments and even conflicts. “4._”This saying is the life motto of a naturalborn peacekeeper. Dont worry if you are not a naturalborn peacekeeper; you can gain this skill during life.Walk off.When the conflict is gathering pace and you cant manage to con

31、trol yourself, you should choose to handle the situation in another way. By all means, try to keep yourself away from stress. 5._ You should get away from the situation for a while. AThe greatest victory is a battle not fought.BConflicts are unavoidable, so try to accept them.CWeak people usually de

32、sire others to offer help and support.DLet other people solve their problems without your presence.EIt is helpful to put some distance between yourself and the opponent.FWhen someone pushes you to the limit, try to act kindly towards this person.GArguing can either break your friendship or affect yo

33、ur relationship to some degree.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种有效避免冲突的建议。1G 解析：根据空前一句可知，尽量避免冲突是十分有必要的；据此可以判断，空处承上启下，介绍冲突的严重危害，引出文章主题，故 G 项正确。2D 解析：根据空后一句可知，作者建议把注意力集中在自己的事情上；据此可以判断，空处建议“让其他人自己解决他们自己的问题” ，故 D 项符合文意。 3F 解析：根据该段标题“Be kind.”可知，该段主要阐述“和善待人”的建议，这与 F 项中的“try to act kindly towards this person” 照应，故 F 项符合文意。4A 解析：根据空后一句可以判断，空处是调解人的一句格言。A 项意为“最伟大的胜利是一场没有战斗的斗争” ，符合文意，故 A 项正确。5E 解析：根据空前一句可知，这里作者建议要远离冲突，离开对手；据此可知 E项符合文意。