人教版（新目标）中考英语复习课件：第二篇 语法精点击 专题10--15

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1、专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,考点直击 ,【考纲解读】,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,1 动词短语,动词副词 1bring out 拿出来；使表现出 2blow out 吹灭 3clean up 清扫；收拾干净 4cheer up 使高兴起来；使振作,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,5come back/go back 回来/回去 6come round 苏醒；短暂访问 7come out (花)开；出来；出版 8come over 过来；顺便来访 9check out 核实，调查 10eat up 吃光 11fall behind 落后,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,12f

2、all down 跌倒 13give back 归还 14get back 取回 15get over 克服 16get on/off 上车/下车 17grow up 长大 18give away 捐赠；分发,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,19give up 放弃 20hurry up 赶快 21look out 小心 22look up 查找 23look around 环顾四周，到处看 24put down 放下；记下 25put away 收拾好,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,26put on 穿上 27put up 举起；张贴 28put off 推迟 29put out 扑灭；熄灭 30

3、pick up 捡起；(开车)接人 31run away 逃跑，逃走 32slow down 减缓，减速,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,33set off 出发，动身 34turn on/off 打开/关上 35turn up/down 调大/调小 36take out 取出 37think over 考虑 38take off 脱下；起飞 39take away 拿走,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,40work out 算出 41write down 记下 42wake up 唤醒,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,提示 若动副短语后接的宾语是名词，那么该名词既可以放在两词中间，也可以放在副词后面；如

4、果宾语是代词，则只能放在两词中间。且代词用宾格形式如： Youd better pick the students up/pick up the students before 7: 00. 你最好在7点前开车接这些学生们。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,【典例1】 Its hot today, isnt it? Yes, it is. Why not _ your coat. Atake place Btake out Ctake after Dtake off 答案 D,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,【典例2】 These problems are too hard to _. Will yo

5、u give me some advice? There are many ways, but the most important is to have a careful plan. Awork out Blook out Chand out Dput out 答案 A,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,动词介词 1arrive at/in 到达 2ask for 寻求，索要 3agree with 同意 4belong to 属于 5depend on 依靠，依赖 6fall off 跌落,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,7feed on 以为食 8get to 到达 9get up 起床 10h

6、ear of 听说 11hear from 收到某人的来信 12helpwith 在(某方面)帮助(某人) 13knock at/on 敲(门、窗),专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,14look for 寻找 15look after 照看；照顾 16look like 看上去像 17look over (仔细)检查 18listen to 听 19laugh at 嘲笑 20stopfrom 阻止做,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,21talk to/with 对说，和谈话 22talk about 谈论 23think of 想起 24wait for 等候 25pay for 为付钱,专题9 动

7、词短语及词义辨析,【典例3】 Can you help me to _ my dog when Im away on holiday? Alook after Blook for Clook at Dlook like 答案 A,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,动词名词 1do ones homework 做作业 2do/try ones best 尽某人最大的努力 3go boating/swimming/shopping 去划船/去游泳/去购物 4have a cold/a cough/a headache 患感冒/咳嗽/头痛 5have a try 尝试；努力 6have a look 看一

8、看,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,7have a rest 休息 8have breakfast/lunch/supper 吃早/午/晚餐 9have fun 玩得高兴 10hold a sports meeting 举行运动会 11make a decision 作出决定 12make a mistake/mistakes 犯错误 13make a noise 吵闹,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,14make faces 做鬼脸 15make friends 交朋友 16make money 赚钱 17play chess 下国际象棋 18take turns 轮流 19take photos

9、照相 20take ones time 不着急，慢慢来,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,【典例4】 All of us sometimes _ and nobody is perfect. Amake friends Bmake money Cmake mistakes Dmake a noise 答案 C,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,动词副词介词 1catch up with 赶上 2come up with找到答案；想出解决办法 3do well in 在某方面做得好 4get on well with 与相处融洽 5look forward to 盼望；期待,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,【典

10、例5】 Im sure youll _ a better way to solve the problem. Thank you, Mr. Zhang. Ill work harder. Aget on with Bcome up with Cgo on with Dcatch up with 解析 B,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,动词名词介词 1take care of 照顾 2give thanks to 向致谢 3pay attention to 注意 4say goodbye/hello/sorry to 向道别/打招呼/道歉,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,【典例6】 Our teach

11、er lets us _ these words because they are very important. Aforget Bpay attention to Cto forget Dto pay attention to 答案 B,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,动词十其他 1come true 实现 2make sure 确保 3enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 4help oneself to 随便享用 5take it easy 放松,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,【典例7】 Ann is so careful that she always goes over her exer

12、cises to_there are no mistakes. Alook for Bmake sure Cfind out Dpick up 答案 B,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,2 动词词义辨析,动词的词义辨析是近年来安徽中考考查的重点，旨在通过不同的语言环境考查学生正确理解上下文、准确运用动词的能力。在解答此类试题时要根据句意和语境来辨析，通过正确理解句意，比较不同选项的意义及用法来选出符合逻辑的选项。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,【典例8】 The scientists_two months searching the woods for the strange bird. What

13、an exciting experiment! A. took B. cost C. stayed D. spent 解析 D take表示“花费”，常用于“It takes sb. some time to do sth.”句型中；cost表示“花费”，主语必须是物；stay意为“保持；停留”；spend表示“花费”，常用于“sb. spend some time/money on sth./(in) doing sth.”句型中。根据句意及主语The scientists可知选D。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,【典例9】 He _ an English club last year and

14、 has improved his English a lot. A. protected B. producedC. joined D. received 解析 C prodect意为“保护”， produce意为“生产”， join意为“参加”， receive意为“收到”。句意：他去年参加了一个英语俱乐部，英语水平有了很大的提高。故选C。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,考点过关,.单项填空 ( )1. 2014安徽As time _， youll come to think of English as your friend and love it. Agoes by Bruns out

15、Ctakes off Dturns up,A,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )2. 2014安徽I dont _ the heat, for Im used to hot weather. Alike Bmind Cknow Dstand,B,根据“我习惯于热天气”可知这里的意思是“我不介意这个热度”。mind意为“介意”。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )3. 2014安徽Rose finished her study in the university and went to _ a good job. Atake after Blook after Ccare for Dsearch

16、 for,D,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )4. 2014安徽He is an honest boy. I have no reason to _ what he said. Ahear Bdoubt Crepeat Dbelieve,B,句意：他是一个诚实的男孩。我没有理由去怀疑他所说的话。doubt意为“怀疑”。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )5. 2013安徽I will meet Jane at the station. Please _ what time she will arrive. Acount Bchoose Ccheck Dcatch,C,句意：我将到车站接Jan

17、e，请核实一下她什么时候到。check意为“检查；核实”。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,. 根据首字母及汉语提示，完成下列单词的拼写，使句意明确，语言通顺 12014安徽Im afraid we have to c _( 取消) the meeting. 22014安徽Bob has many storybooks and he often s_ (分享)them with his friends. 32013安徽Traveling by plane is expensive, but it s_ (节省) time.,ancel,hares,aves,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,42013安

18、徽Its polite to k_ (敲) on the door before entering a room. 52014合肥包河区模I have w_(警告) them that there might be snakes in the woods.,nock,arned,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )1. 2014安庆模Why dont you _ your homework on time? I looked after my baby sister last night and forgot to do it. Amake up Bhand in Cdo over Dhand

19、out,语法专练,B,问句句意：你为什么没按时上交你的作业？hand in意为“上交”。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )2. 2014安庆模Smoking is bad for your health. You are right. I decide to _. Atake it down Bturn it off Cfind it out Dgive it up,D,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )3. 2014合肥50中模拟Dont cut in line when you _ the bus at the bus stop. Acare for Bwait for Cpay for

20、 Dask for,B,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )4. 2014合肥50中模拟This shirt is too small. It doesnt _ me. Could you show me another one? Ameet Bweigh Cfit Dkeep,C,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )5. 2014合肥50中模拟I cant even afford to buy a small house. Me neither. The house price still keeps _ Amoving Badding Crising Ddropping,C,根据句意可知房价仍

21、在“上涨”。rise意为“上涨”。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )6. 2013徐州I think our government should pass a law to _food waste. Asave Bincrease Cprotect Dreduce,D,句意：我认为我们的政府应该通过立法来减少食物浪费。reduce意为“减少”。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )7.Havent I ever _ the war to you? No, Dad. Maybe you can tell me something about it now. Amentioned Bspoken

22、Cdiscussed Ddiscovered,A,mention sth. to sb.意为“向某人提及某事”。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )8. 2013随州Jim, you look sleepy. Whats wrong? I _ to write a report last night. Alooked up Bended up Cstayed up Dtook up,C,根据句意可知吉姆昨天晚上“熬夜”写报告了。stay up意为“熬夜”。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )9. 2013荆州How was the concert last night? It was so g

23、ood. Though it _ nearly fours hours, few people left early. Acovered Breached Clasted Dplayed,C,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )10. 2013孝感My brother _ to move the heavy box, but I didnt give up. Areminded Brefused Cagreed Dconsidered,B,根据“但我没有放弃”可知我的哥哥拒绝搬这个重盒子。refuse意为“拒绝”。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )11.The government has _

24、 some organizations to help the poor students in the western areas of China. Ataken up Bput up Cpicked up Dset up,D,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )12.Jane _ the rules of the museum. Lets go and give her some suggestions. Aobeyed BFollowed Cbroke Djoined,C,根据“让我们去给她一些建议”可知Jane违反了博物馆的规定。故选C。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )13.The

25、 bag is so beautiful. Do you know whose it is? It _ my sister. She bought it yesterday. Ashows off Bbelongs to Ctakes after Duses up,B,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )14.Alice, could you help me _ the meat? I want to make some dumplings for dinner. OK. Ill do it right away. Aput up Bgive up Cuse up Dcut up,D,put u

26、p意为“张贴；举起”；give up意为“放弃”；use up意为“用尽”；cut up意为“切碎”。根据问句句意“爱丽丝，你能帮我切这些肉吗？晚饭我想包一些水饺。”可知选D。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )15.Im sure I can _ Millie in the match. Its great to be confident! I dont believe you will lose to her. Alose Bbeat Cfail Dwin,B,表示“战胜某人”用beat。,专题9 动词短语及词义辨析,( )16.How did you _ such a good idea

27、? I got it by accident. Adeal with Bget along with Cagree with Dcome up with,D,句意：“你是怎么想出这样一个好主意的？”“我偶然想到的。”come up with意为“想出”。故选D。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,专题10 动词的时态和语态,考点直击 ,【考纲解读】,专题10 动词的时态和语态,1 动词的时态,1一般现在时 (1)结构,专题10 动词的时态和语态,专题10 动词的时态和语态,(2)用法 表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与 seldom, often, usually, always, sometim

28、es, every day，on Sundays等时间状语连用。如：I go to school at seven every day. 我每天七点去上学。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,表示客观真理、科学事实。如： The earth moves around the sun.地球围绕太阳转。 时间状语从句和条件状语从句中用一般现在时代替一般将来时。如： Ill go shopping with my mother if she is free tomorrow.如果明天我妈妈有空，我将和她去购物。 (3)动词第三人称单数形式的变化规则,专题10 动词的时态和语态,专题10 动词的时态和语态,

29、【典例1】 Although Bill isnt rich enough, he often _ money to the poor. Awill give Bwas giving Cgives Dgave 解析 C 前句的时态是一般现在时，由often可知本句表示经常性动作，故也用一般现在时。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,2现在进行时 (1)结构：主语am/is/are动词ing形式其他 (2)用法 表示目前正在进行的动作，常与now，at the moment等时间状语连用。另外，当有listen，look等提示词时，后面的句子常用现在进行时。如： Listen! She is singi

30、ng in the next room. 听！她正在隔壁房间唱歌。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,表示现阶段正在进行，而此刻不一定在进行的动作。如： We are going over the lessons these days. 这些日子我们在复习功课。 趋向动词come, go, leave，fly等用现在进行时表将来。如： They are leaving for England tomorrow. 他们明天要去英国。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,(3)动词现在分词的变化规则,专题10 动词的时态和语态,【典例2】 Mike, go and see who _ football on t

31、he playground. Ais playing Bplays Cplayed Dwere playing 解析 A 句意：迈克，去看看谁在操场上踢足球。根据句意可判断踢足球这个动作正在进行。故用现在进行时。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,3一般将来时 (1)结构 主语will/shall动词原形其他 主语am/is/are going to动词原形其他 (2)用法 表示将要发生的动作或状态，常与soon, next time，tomorrow，from now on等时间状语连用。如： Fish will die without water.离开水，鱼就会死。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,

32、表示“主观意愿、打算”用be going to；根据迹象进行推测也用be going to。如： He is going to learn English next term. 他打算下学期学英语。 Look at the black clouds! Its going to rain. 看那些乌云！马上要下雨了。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,【典例3】 The famous reporter we talked about just now _ us a speech next weekend. Agives Bgave Chas given Dwill give 解析 D 根据时间状语ne

33、xt weekend可知用一般将来时。故选D。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,4一般过去时 (1)结构：主语动词过去式其他 (2)用法 表示过去的某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。如： His friend was at work yesterday.昨天他的朋友在工作。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,表示过去经常发生或反复发生的动作，常与often, always等表示频度的时间状语连用。如： We often went to work by bus last year.去年我们经常乘公共汽车上班。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,(3)动词过去式的变化规则,专题10 动词的时态和语态,【典例4】 W

34、e _ Susan to the costume party, so she was very happy. Ainvite Binvited Cwill invite Dare inviting 解析 B 句意：我们邀请了Susan参加化装舞会，因此她很高兴。根据后句中的was可知该句用一般过去时。故选B。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,5现在完成时 (1)结构：主语have/has动词过去分词其他 (2)用法 表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常与just, already, yet, ever, never, before等时间状语连用。如： I have seen the film

35、already. 我已经看过这部电影了。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态，常与“ since时间点”或“for 时间段”等时间状语连用。如： We have planted thousands of trees since 2000.自从2000年开始，我们已经种了成千上万棵树了。 He has learned English for three years. 他学英语三年了。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,(3)一般过去时和现在完成时的区别 一般过去时只是说明动作发生在过去，而现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响。如： I saw the movi

36、e yesterday. 我昨天看了这部电影。(强调电影是昨天看的) I have seen the movie. 我看过这部电影。(强调已经看过了),专题10 动词的时态和语态,(4)在现在完成时中，如果时间状语表示一段时间，要把非延续性动词变为延续性动词。如： I have had the book for two days. 这本书我买了两天了。(用had而不用bought ) He has been in Beijing for two weeks. 他来北京两周了。(用been in而不用come to),专题10 动词的时态和语态,常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词的转化如下表：,专题

37、10 动词的时态和语态,【典例5】 They say theres a supermarket nearby. Yes, and it _ for no more than two weeks. Ahas been open Bopens Cis opening Dopened 解析 A 句意：“他们说附近有一个超市。”“是的，它刚开了不到两周。”“for时间段”与现在完成时连用。open是瞬间动词，用be open替换，故选A。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,6过去进行时 (1)结构：主语was/were动词ing形式其他 (2)用法 表示过去某一时间点或某一段时间正在进行的动作，常与 whe

38、n, while, from 9 to 11, at that time等时间状语连用。如：,专题10 动词的时态和语态,I was doing my homework all the morning yesterday.昨天上午我一直在做作业。 What was your father doing while your mother was cooking? 你妈妈做饭时，你爸爸在干什么？,专题10 动词的时态和语态,【典例6】 What was your father doing when we were at the cinema yesterday evening? He _ my b

39、icycle at home at that time. Afixes up Bfixed up Cwould fix up Dwas fixing up 解析 D 答语句意：他那时在家里修理我的自行车。at that time常与过去进行时连用。故选D。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,2 动词的被动语态,1构成 (1)一般现在时： 主语am/is/are过去分词其他如： English is widely used in the world. 英语在世界上被广泛使用。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,(2)一般过去时：主语was/were过去分词其他如： The cake was made by

40、my mother. 这个蛋糕是我妈妈做的。 (3)一般将来时：主语 will be/is (are) going to be过去分词其他如： A new school will be built next year. 明年将有一所新的学校被建立。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,(4)现在完成时：主语 have/has been过去分词其他如： His key hasnt been found yet. 他的钥匙还没有被找到。 (5)含情态动词的被动语态：主语情态动词be过去分词其他如： It must be done now. 这件事必须现在就做。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,2用法 (1)不

41、知道动作的执行者或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。 (2)强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 3不能用于被动语态的动词及短语： (1)不及物动词及短语，如happen，take place等。如： An accident happened last night. 昨晚发生了一起事故。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,(2)表示所属关系的动词及短语。如： The car belongs to Mr. Wang. 那辆车属于王先生。 (3)连系动词，如 feel，sound, taste, smell 等。如： That sounds like a good idea.那听起来是个好主意。,专题1

42、0 动词的时态和语态,【典例7】 Whats the matter with Mary? She _ by a car and sent to hospital. Ahit Bwas hit Chad hit Dwould hit 解析 B 答语句意：她被一辆小汽车撞了，被送进了医院。强调动作的承受者用被动语态。故选B。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,【典例8】 Can you sing this English song? Of course, I can. It _ many times on the radio. Ataught Bhas taught Cis taught Dhas be

43、en taught 解析 D it 和teach之间是被动关系，故用被动语态，排除A、B。又因为many times常与现在完成时连用，排除C。故选D。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,考点过关,( )1. 2014安徽Mr. Wang has left for Guangzhou. He _ a speech there in two days. Agives Bgave Cwill give Dhas given,C,根据时间状语“in two days (在两天后)”可知用一般将来时。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,( )2. 2014安徽As we all know, the Silk Ro

44、ad _ China to the west in ancient times. Aconnects Bconnected Cwill connect Dis connecting,B,句意：在古代，丝绸之路把中国与西方连接了起来。根据in ancient times可知用一般过去时。故选B。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,( )3. 2013安徽I cant find David. Where is he? He _ for tomorrows competitions at home. Aprepares Bis preparing Chas prepared Dprepared,B,根据答

45、语句意“他正在家里准备明天的竞赛”可知用现在进行时。故选B。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,( )4. 2013安徽Thanks to the Internet, different kinds of information _in a short time. Acan be learned Bhas been learned Ccan learn Dhas learned,A,主语是information，是动作的承受者，故用被动语态，根据句意可知选A。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,( )5. 2014合肥包河区二模Remember the first time we met? Sure. Y

46、ou _ at the gate of our school. Astand Bhave stood Cwere standing Dstood,C,根据句意可知第一见面的那个时刻“你”正站在大门口，故用过去进行时。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,( )6. 2014合肥包河区模Give me a call as soon as you _ in Hainan. OK, I will. Aarrive Bhave arrived Cwill arrive Darrived,A,as soon as引导的时间状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。故选A。,专题10 动词的时态和语态,( )7. 2014六安裕安区一模Is Mrs. Green going to attend the meeting tomorrow? Yes, and she _ to give a speech on how to protect the environment. Ahas asked Bwas asked Cis asking Dwill ask,