牛津译林版英语必修1《Unit3 Grammar and usage》课件

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1、Unit 3 Looking good, feeling good,Grammar and usage,Objectives,To learn to identify a non-restrictive attributive clause (非限制性定语从句),To learn to write a non-restrictive attributive clause,To get some ideas about question tags (反义疑问句),Non-restrictive attributive clauses 非限制性定语从句,Observe the sentences.

2、 (新概念第二册) 1. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin (树脂) which covered the skin. 2. Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851.

3、,Have A L k,3. The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish (地震鱼). 4. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. 5. The great statue, whi

4、ch was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi (法国著名雕塑家), took ten years to complete.,Observe the sentences from this unit. 1. Im taking weight-loss pills called Fat-less, which are quite popular among young women here. 2. My mother, who you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them becaus

5、e they are dangerous. 3. Its the same in China many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on a diet or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.,Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.,1. The operation, _ lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficul

6、t because of the hard resin (树脂) which covered the skin. 2. Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, _ was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851.,which,which,3. The fish, _ has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a

7、scientist, is called an oarfish (地震鱼). 4. Meanwhile, a microphone, _ was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with their closest relatives. 5. The great statue, _ was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi (法国著名雕塑家), took ten years to complete.,which,which,wh

8、ich,Sentences from this unit. 1. Im taking weight-loss pills called Fat-less, _ are quite popular among young women here. 2. My mother, _ you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous. 3. Its the same in China many people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are

9、 always going on a diet or taking weight-loss pills, _ are often dangerous.,which,who,which,Practice,Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise. 2. _ is expected, the England team won the football match.,As,which,3. It rained hard yesterday, _ prevented me from going to the par

10、k. 4. _ we can see, the smoke came from the little dustbin.,which,As,*The man _ is sitting there is Brad Pitt. *The man _ she speaks to is Brad Pitt. *The man _ she speaks is Brad Pitt.,who/that,Who is he?,to whom,who/whom/that/-,REVISION,在本模块的前两个单元, 我们已经学习了由关系代词和关系副词引导的限制性定语从句，介词+ which / whom引导的限制

11、性定语从句，本单元我们将继续学习非限制性定语从句。,Who is she?,Cecilia, _ took weight-loss pills, now realizes that health is important.Cecilia, _ figure is fine, still wants to lose some weight (减肥).,who,whose,Read and think,Read the Points on Page 48, and think: 1. The similarities and differences between restrictive attr

12、ibutive clauseand non-restrictive attributive clauseafter reading the examples in Point 1. 2. What which refers to in the sentence in Point 2? 3. How to talk about all or part of sth. by using non-restrictive attributive clause?,Some non-restrictive attributive clauses in the Reading section on page

13、s 42-43.,* Im taking weight-loss pills called Fat-Less, which are quite popular among young women here.,* My mother, whom you met last year, keeps telling me not to take them because they are dangerous.,* My mother insisted on sending me to the hospital, where I received good medical treatment.,* It

14、s the same in Chinamany people, some of whom are not overweight at all, are always going on diets or taking weight-loss pills, which are often dangerous.,限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开； 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号隔开。,My cousin whose father is a teacher wants to be an actor. My cousin , whose father is a teacher , want

15、s to be an actor.,A. This is the place where I lived ten years ago.B. She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao, which returned to China in 1999. 2. A. He is a man who I can ask for help.B. Then he met Mary, who invited himto a party.,限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从

16、句，意义仍然完整。,that 不能够引导非限制性定语从句； as 可以引导非限制性定语从句, 在非 限制性定语中位置灵活。意为“正如， 像”，表示依据、评论、看法等。,He passed the exam, as we had expected. 2. As we all know, the earth is round.,关系代词：which / who / whom / whose / as 关系副词：when / where (非限制性定语从句中不用关系词that；非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略),非限制性定语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词,1. I have a sister wh

17、o works in a hospital.,我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。,2. I have a sister, who works in a hospital.,我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。,有时同一个限制性定语从句变为非限制性定语从句会改变全句的意思。,（不只一位姐姐）,（只有一位姐姐）,3. All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.,里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。,4. All the magazines here, which have beautiful pi

18、ctures in them, were written by him.,所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。,（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）,（杂志只有一种）,His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.,当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。,Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.,非限制性定语从句考点归纳：,as和which引导非限制性定语从句, 代替整个主句。,1. As everyone know

19、s, China is a country with a long history. 众所周知，中国是一个历史悠久的国家。 2. He invited me to dinner, which made me very happy. 他请我吃饭，这使我很高兴。,Examples:,Conclusion,1. as 和which 在引导非限制性定语从句时，as和which可代替整个主句，相当于and this或and that。这两个关系代词都可指代主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语或宾语。,2. as和which引导非限制性定语从句的不同之处在于： (1) as引导的定语从句可置于

20、句首,而which引导的定语从句不可放在句首。 (2) as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若从句中的谓语为行为动词,则从句中的关系代词只能用which。另外,as引导非限制性从句,常带有“正如”的意思。,II. All/some of + whom/which引导非限制性定语从句,Examples:,He has told us many stories, all of which are about the famous Long March. 2. The students of Class 1, some of whom came from Japan,

21、 went camping yesterday.,Conclusion,在非限制性定语从句中,一些表达数量的数词或代词如 all / some / one / both / neither / none / any / either 等可与of构成介词词组修饰限制先行词,此时先行词在其后的定语从句中作介词的宾语,关系代词不可用that。如先行词指人则用whom，如先行词指物则用which引导从句。,I am doing different types of exercises, all of _ are quite helpful to my health. 2. Many people, s

22、ome of _ are not overweight, are going on diets. 3. There are 54 students in my class, three of _ come from US.,Other examples,which,whom,whom,限制性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。,非限制性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。,引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略,引导词：as, who, whom, whose, w

23、hich, when, where等，不用that或why,不能省略,定语从句,Conclusion,【例1】 Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. A. it B. that C. when D. which “我个人所怀疑的”是“到十月份这工作能否被完成”，而不是“十月份”，由此判定非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是October，而是前面整个主句。答案：D。,【例2】 John said hed been working in the office for an hour, _

24、 was true. A. he B. this C. which D. who “John说他在办公室工作一个小时了，这是事实” 所以要用关系代词which指代这件事情并引导非限制性定语从句。答案：C。,【例3】 The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it which可代替句子，用于非限制性定语从句，而what不可。that不能用于非限制性定语从句，it不为连词，使用逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。答案B。,Amy,

25、 who is an actress, is Zhou Lingsfriend./ Amy, who is Zhou Lings friend,is an actress. 2. The doctors at the hospital, where Amyspent about two months, tried their bestto save Amy./ The doctor at the hospitaltried their best to save Amy, who spent about two months there.,课本练习,p48A,3. Amy eats lots o

26、f fruit and vegetables, allof which are good for her health. 4. Amy sometimes goes for a walk in the afternoon, when it is fine and warm. 5. My uncle, whom I told you about yesterday/ about whom I told you yesterday, is an engineer and is working in Beijing. 6. Mike, whose hobby is travelling, has d

27、ecided to visit the Great Wall next month.,课本练习,who (2) where (3) which (4) which (5) which (6) which (7) whose (8) when (9) who (10) who,p49B,1. That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when 2. A lot of language learning, _ has been

28、 discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this,Quiz I,3. When deeply absorbed in work, _ he often was, he would forget all about eating or sleeping. A. that B. which C. where D. when 4. The air quali

29、ty in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A. that B. it C. as D. what,5. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 6. By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold. A.

30、 which B. when C. what D. that,7. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses. A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them 8. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, _, for some reason, had withdrawn from all human society. A. which B. who C. where D. whom,9. After the flooding, peop

31、le were suffering in that area, _ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive. A. which B. who C. where D. what 10. We have launched another man-made satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper. A. that B. which C. who D. what,11. The president of the World Bank says he has a pass

32、ion for China, _ he remembers starting as early as his childhood. A. where B. whichC. what D. when 12. Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, _ made one of the Chinese peoples long-held dreams come true. A. it B. that C. what D. which,1. The famous basketball star, _ is an Americ

33、an, came to China yesterday. 2. In those days, she used to go to Mr Black, with _ she had a wonderful time. 3. I bought a car yesterday, _ cost me a lot.,which,whom,who,Quiz II: Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.,4. Xian, _ I visited last year, is a nice old city. 5. He will come to see

34、me next July, _ he wont be so busy. 6. The school, _ I once studied, was built thirty years ago. 7. _ we all know, he is good at English.,which,where,when,As,Question tags反义疑问句,if you want to know whether your parents love you or not,Sometimes, you can ask:,You love me, dont you?,Finish the sentence

35、 from the part of Reading. Looking good is important to women, _?,isnt it,This kind of sentence is called question tag.,Question tags are short questions that come at the end of statements.,Read the points and examples on Page 50.,反意疑问句 1. 含义 在一个陈述句之后附上一个简短的疑问句，对陈述句提出相反的疑问，这种疑问句叫反意疑问句。 如： 1) Lions a

36、re scary, arent they? 2) We speak Chinese, dont we?,2. 结构： 结构一: 前肯 + 后否 eg. Lions are scary, arent they?狮子很恐怖，不是吗？ 结构二: 前否 + 后肯 eg. Lions arent scary, are they?狮子不恐怖，对吧？,3. 在回答反义疑问句时，不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，就要用yes，事实是否定的，就要用no。这和汉语不一样，应特别注意。例如： Youre not ready, are you? 你没有准备好，是吧？ Yes, I am. 不，我准备好了。 No,

37、Im not. 是的，我没有。,Notice,There are a group of little children in the museum, _ ?,arent there,What does the word “little” mean here? “Small or young” rather than “almost no”. So the statement is positive.,When the main clause of the sentence begins with I think / suppose / guess / believe / imagine and

38、 is followed by an object clause introduced by that, the question tags are formed according to the object clause.,Notice,I think everyone will be interested in these books, wont they? I guess they havent heard about the plan, have they? I dont suppose Tom went back home yesterday, did he?,Hes a very

39、 good teacher, isnt he? Youd watch the football match rather than go to the party, wouldnt you?,Remember s=is or has, and d=had or would,Notice,Tip about using question tags:,Take note of: the kind of verb (auxiliary/modal verb/other verbs ) the tense of the verb verb agreement,Finish these question

40、 tags.,1. It was fine yesterday, _?2. You were studying when I called you last night, _?3. She is going to visit me, _?5. He likes soccer, _?6. You have a headache, _?7. Nobody called you yesterday, _?,wasnt it,werent you,isnt she,4. I am Chinese, _?,arent I,doesnt he,dont you,did they,8. You will g

41、o to America, _? 9. We have ever been to Shanghai, _? 10. It doesnt rain there, _? 11. His sister seldom have a headache, _? 12. You didnt say hello to me yesterday, _?,wont you,havent we,does it,does she,did you,13. You wont go to USA, _? 14. There isnt a boy in our classroom,_? 15. There werent ma

42、ny cars in the street, _? 16. Dont smoke, _? 17. Lets not do it, _?,will you,is there,were there,will you,shall we,1. When youve finished with that book, dont forget to put it back on the shelf, _? A. do you B. dont you C. will you D. wont you,Multiple choice.,高考链接,2. There was a loud scream from th

43、e backstage immediately after the concert ended, _? A. wasnt there B. was there C. didnt it D. did it,3. You didnt use to like him much when we were at school, _? A. were we B. werent we C. did you D. didnt you,4. There is no light in the dormitory. They must have gone to the lecture, _? A. didnt th

44、ey B. dont they C. mustnt they D. havent they,5. Bills aim is to inform the viewers that cigarette advertising on TV is illegal, _?A. isnt it B. is it C. isnt he D. is he,Finishing their shopping at the supermarket, a middle-aged couple found their new car 1_ (steal). They filed a report 2_ the poli

45、ce station and a detective drove them back 3_ the parking lot to look for evidence.,III: Fill in the blanks according to the text and the given words.,stolen,at,to,To their 4_ (amaze), the car had been returned 5_ there was a note in it that said: “I apologize for taking your car. My wife was having

46、 a baby and I had to send her to the 6_ as soon as possible. Please forget the inconvenience. There are two tickets 7_ tonights Rowan Atkinson concert.”,amazement,and,hospital,for,Their faith in humanity restored(恢复). The couple attended 8_ concert. But when they returned home, they immediately found that their house 9_ (be) ransacked (洗劫). On the bathroom mirror was 10_ note: “I have to put my kid through college somehow, dont I?”,