牛津译林版高中英语必修5：Unit 1 Period Four精致讲义（含答案）

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1、Period Four Project.单词自测1.topic n.话题subject n.主题；科目2.attitude n.态度，看法altitude n.海拔(高度)3.cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的caution n.小心，谨慎4.eager adj.热切的，急不可待的eagerly adv.热切地5.worldwide adv.& adj.全世界 (的)6.adolescent adj.青春期的； n.青少年adolescence n.青春期7.respond vi.做出反应，回应response n.反应8.pause vi.& n.停顿，暂停stop v.停止9.sec

2、urity n.平安，安全；安全措施secure adj.安心的；可靠的；牢固的；v.获得；使安全10.revision n.复习；修订，修改revise vt.复习；校正11.mercy n.宽恕；仁慈merciful adj.宽恕的；仁慈的mercifully adv.宽恕地；仁慈地12.apology n.道歉apologize vi.& vt.道歉.短语默写1.be based on 以为基础，以 为根据2.regardless of 不管，不顾3.end up 最终处于；最后成为4.rely on 依赖，依靠5.thanks to 幸亏；由于6.be committed to 对尽心

3、尽力7.have a quarrel with 与争吵8.in conclusion 总之阅读清障twin/twIn/adj.双胞胎之一的；成双的 n.双胞胎之一；一对相像的事物之一get along well(get on well)相处融洽，进展顺利puzzle vt. 使困惑，使迷惑不解for example 例如(用于举例，用逗号与其他成分隔开)apartment/p:tm nt/n. 公寓套房现在分词 talking 作伴随状语。three and a half hoursthree hours and a half 三个半小时topic/ tpIk/n.话题so.that 如此以至

4、于，引导结果状语从句。what they talked about 是 what 引导的宾语从句。recipe n.食谱；秘诀attitude/tItju:d/n.态度，看法表示“对的态度”时用介词 to 或 towards。anchor/k(r)/vt.扎根于；使基于；下锚；使固定；n.锚be anchored in 基于过去分词 shared 作定语，修饰 feelings and support。be based on 以为基础，以为根据be likely to 倾向于，有可能cautious/k:s/adj.小心的，谨慎的be cautious about 对谨慎eager/i:(r)

5、/adj.热切的，急不可待的that 引导定语从句，修饰 something。be eager to do sth 急于做某事be eager for 急于得到worldwide/w:ldwaId/adv.& adj.全世界(的)show vt.& vi.表明；证明；出示；给看；放映adolescent/,dlesnt/adj.青春期的；n.青少年single adj.仅有一个的(用于加强语气)“连词分词”(省略了主语和 be 动词) 为状语从句的省略形式。When asked 的完整形式为 When they are asked。hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑不决respond/rIsp

6、nd/vi.作出反应，回应respond to 对 作出反应，回应be busy with sth 忙于某事21 so . that 如此以至于，that 引导结果状语从句。it 在此处为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语 to choose.。who have been asked 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 females。pause/p:z/vi.& n.停顿；暂停22 to share with . 在该句中作定语。share vt.分享23 share sth with sb 与某人共同占有 /使用某物while conj.而，然而，表示一种对比关系。that 引导定语

7、从句，修饰 qualities。其中 that 在定语从句中作 consider 的宾语。consider sb/sth(to be)adj.认为某人/某物24 regardless of 不管，不顾25 regardless/rI:dls/adv.不顾；不管怎样that 引导表语从句，that 在从句中不作任何成分，本身也无任何意义。原文呈现Teenagers friendshipsMy friend，Robert ，has a twin sister named Amanda.Though they get along well ，there are some things about A

8、manda and her friends that puzzle Robert.He cant understand how girls can talk for so long.For example ，sometimes when he leaves the apartment to play football，Amanda and her friend，Sharon，are sitting on the sofa，talking .When he comes back three and a half hours later，theyre still sitting on the so

9、fa，continuing the same conversation on the same topic .One day Robert was so curious that he asked Amanda what they talked about，but she replied， Were best friends.We talk about almost everythingfilm stars，pop songs，recipes ，everything ！Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship.Frie

10、ndships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support，but friendships between boys are based onshared activities or interests.A boy is likely tobe cautiousabout sharing his feelings with his close friends.A girls closest friend，however，might be eagerto tell her about something th

11、at has happened in her life.Many studies worldwideshowthat girls have more friendships than boys.In fact，many adolescentmales cannot name a singlebest friend.When asked，they usually hesitatebefore responding， My best friend？I cant think about that.I am busy with my homework，and I have so many differ

12、ent friends that it is hard to 21 choose just one best friend.Females who have been asked can usually answer the question without pausing ， A best friend？Of course.We have a lot to share with each other.We 22 23 do a lot of things together such as talking and shopping.We have to realize：boys share a

13、ctivities，while girls share feelings.The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same，regardless 24 of the basis of these friendships.The important thing to remember is that both of 25 them are friendships.We all need friends in our lives.课文译文青少年的友谊我的朋友罗伯特有一个双胞胎妹妹

14、叫阿曼达。尽管他们相处融洽，但阿曼达和她的朋友们的一些事还是让罗伯特感到困惑。他无法理解女孩子怎么会聊天聊那么长时间。例如，有时他离开公寓去踢足球，阿曼达和她的朋友莎伦就坐在沙发上聊天。当他三个半小时后回来时，她们仍然坐在沙发上，继续聊着同样的话题。一天，罗伯特抑制不住好奇，问阿曼达她们聊了什么，但她回答说：“我们是最好的朋友。我们几乎什么都聊电影明星、流行歌曲、食谱，所有的事！”男孩和女孩对待友谊有着不同的态度。女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或爱好为基础。对于与密友分享情感这件事，男孩可能会很谨慎。而一个女孩的密友则可能会迫不及待地向她吐露自

15、己生活中发生过的一些事。全世界的许多研究表明女孩比男孩有更多的友谊。事实上，许多青春期的男孩说不出一个最好的朋友。当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下：“我最好的朋友？我没有想过这个问题。我忙于家庭作业。我有很多不同的朋友，很难说出哪一个是我最好的朋友。 ”被问到过这个问题的女孩往往能毫不犹豫地回答：“最好的朋友？当然有。我们彼此分享的东西很多。我们一起做很多事，比如聊天和逛街。 ”我们必须认识到：男孩分享活动，而女孩分享情感。不管男孩和女孩各自友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。所要记住的重要一点是：它们二者均是友谊。我们在生活中都需要朋友。security/sIkj

16、 rtI/n.平安，安全；安全措施comfort n.舒适，安慰，安慰者；v.安慰imagine v.想象，幻想，猜测imagine doing sth 想象做某事by oneself 独自地，单独through Beijing 经过北京on the way to 在去的路上since conj .由于( 此处表原因)，引导原因状语从句。see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事having their pictures taken 是 have sth done 结构。end up 最后成为；最终处于end up doing sth 以做某事结束end up as 最终成为wait

17、ing room n.候车室；等候室；候诊室no fun 不好玩，没有乐趣companion n.同伴，同事I can rely on 是定语从句，修饰 someone，其中关系代词 who/whom 因在从句中作宾语而省略了。rely on 依靠，依赖rely/rIlaI/vi. 依靠，依赖trolleybus/trlIbs/n. 无轨电车panicked 为动词 panic 的过去式，panic 意为“ (使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措” 。revision/rIvIn/n.复习；修订，修改thanks to 幸亏；由于be able to 能，能够committed/kmItId/adj.尽心

18、尽力的；坚信的；坚定的动词不定式短语 to be a friend 作表语。patience n.耐性；耐心；忍耐，容忍patient adj.耐心的mercy/m:sI/n.宽恕；仁慈have a quarrel with sb 和某人吵架21 comment n.评论；意见；批评22 后常接介词 on/about，表示“对的评论” 。apology/pldI/n.道歉23 make an apology 道歉incident n.发生的事情(尤指不寻常的或讨厌的)24 if I had ended our friendship . 是虚拟条件句，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。从句谓语用 h

19、ad done，主句谓语用 would have done。in conclusion 总之；最后25 look back on 回顾；回忆26 we bought 与 we have been to 均是省略 that 的定语从句。先行词分别为things 和 places。whom we loved 是 whom 引导的定语从句，修饰 those。who loved us 是 who 引导的定语从句，修饰 those。What friendship means to meWhen deciding what is most important in life，some people cho

20、ose money，while others choose things like security and comfort .However，for me，the most important thing in life is friendship.I cannot imagine being without it.Friendship means not being alone.Once I was travelling by myself through Beijing on the way to my grandparents house.Since my next train lef

21、t in the evening，I had a day for sightseeing.At first，I didnt mind being alone，but then I saw all of the tourists having their pictures taken together，and I began feeling sad.I ended up returning to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room .Life is no fun without a comp

22、anionto share it with.Friendship means having someone I can rely on.Last year，I left my schoolbag on a trolleybus，and I lost all of my notes for the final exam.You can imagine how I panicked.Luckily for me，my best friend Jenny let me copy her notes，and I used them in my revision.Thanks to her help，I

23、 was able to pass the exam.Friendship means being committed to others.The best way to have a friend is to be a friend.Because I am a friend，I have had to learn patience and mercy.Once I had a quarrel with Jenny ，and she made some cruel comments about me.Even 21 22 though I was hurt，I forgave her and

24、 she later made an apology .Through this 23 incident ，both of us have become better people.However，if I had ended our 24 friendship，we would have both learnt nothing.In conclusion ，when we are old and look back on our lives，what will we 25 26 remember？Will we remember the things we bought or the pla

25、ces we have been to？No，we will remember those whom we loved and those who loved us.We will remember our friends.友谊对我意味着什么当确定生活中最重要的是什么时，有些人选择金钱，而有些人则选择诸如安全感和舒适之类的东西。然而，对我而言，生活中最重要的东西是友谊。我不能想象没有友谊的生活。友谊意味着不孤独。有一次我独自一人去旅行，途经北京去我祖父母家。由于我要乘坐的下一趟火车要到晚上才开，我有一天的观光时间。起初，我并不介意自己一个人，但后来看见所有的旅客一起拍照，我开始感到难过。最终我

26、回到火车站，在候车室里过完了这一天。如果没有同伴分享，生活就索然无味。友谊意味着有人可以依靠。去年，我把书包落在了无轨电车上，丢了所有的期末考试的笔记。你可以想象我有多慌乱。对我来说幸运的是，我最好的朋友珍妮让我复印了她的笔记，我复习时用了它们。多亏了她的帮助，我才得以通过考试。友谊意味着忠诚于他人。拥有朋友的最佳途径就是做一个朋友。因为我是一个朋友，所以我就要学会有耐心和宽容。有一次我与珍妮吵架，她对我作了一些残酷无情的评论。尽管我受到了伤害，我还是原谅了她。后来她向我道歉。通过这件事，我们俩都变成了更好的人。然而，如果当初我终止了我们的友谊，那我们俩都会一无所得。总之，当我们年老了回顾我们

27、的生活时，我们会记住什么呢？我们会记住我们买过的东西或者是去过的地方吗？不，我们会记住那些我们爱过的人和爱过我们的人。我们会记住我们的朋友。.速读课文，判断正(T)误(F)1.Robert knows the reason why girls always have so much to talk about.(F)2.Girls can continue the same conversation on the same topic for a very long time.(T)3.Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friend

28、ship.(T)4.Friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.(T)5.Studies have shown that boys have more friendships than girls.(F).阅读课文，选出最佳答案1.According to the passage，which of the following statements is TRUE?A.Boys have more friendships than girls.B.Boys and girls have the same

29、 attitude towards friendship.C.Boys share activities，while girls share feelings.D.Boys always seem to have a lot to talk about with their best friends.答案 C2.From Para.3 of the second text，we can infer that .A.money can buy friendshipB.a friend in need is a friend indeedC.when someone is in trouble，a

30、 friend will appearD.friendship is the most important thing in the world答案 B3.According to the second text，the most important thing in life for the author is .A.money B.friendshipC.security D.comfort答案 B4.According to the second text，all of the following are the meanings of friendship except that .A

31、.friendship means not being aloneB.friendship means having someone you can rely onC.friendship means being admitted to othersD.friendship means helping others do anything at any moment答案 D5.According to the second text，we know that .A.once a friend always a friendB.once a thief always a thiefC.the b

32、est way to have a friend is to be a friendD.the best way to have a friend is to give others much money答案 C.细读课文，完成表格，每空一词1.attitude n.态度，看法语境感悟(1)(教材 P18)Boys and girls have different attitudes towards friendship.男孩和女孩对待友谊有着不同的态度。(2)Do you know his attitude to/towards the question?你知道他对这个问题的看法吗？(3)T

33、om has a positive attitude towards/to the matter.汤姆对这件事持积极态度。归纳拓展attitude to/towards.对 的态度have a(n).attitude to/towards sb/sth 对某人/某事持态度take/adopt a(n).attitude 采取的态度即时跟踪 完成句子首先，我们应该有一种对生活的积极态度。Firstly，we should have a positive attitude towards life.每次都会成功，只要你对生活有份积极的态度。Every try will be a success，i

34、f you take/adopt/have an active attitude towards life.As you get older，your towards death changes.A.attitude B.opinionC.idea D.thought答案 A解析 句意：随着年龄的增长，你对死亡的看法也会有所改变。ones attitude to/towards.某人对的态度，符合句意。2.cautious adj.小心的，谨慎的语境感悟(1)(教材 P18)A boy is likely to be cautious about sharing his feelings wi

35、th his close friends.对于与密友分享情感这件事，男孩可能会很谨慎。(2)You should be cautious of the strangers.你应该小心提防陌生人。(3)The students are cautious not to make any mistakes in spelling.学生们在拼写时非常小心，以避免出错。归纳拓展(1)be cautious about/of.对小心，谨慎于be cautious to do sth 谨慎地做某事(2)caution n.小心，谨慎with cautioncautiously 谨慎地即时跟踪 完成句子那位年

36、轻人谨慎地打开了那个神秘的盒子。The young man was cautious to open the mysterious box.医生们对这种新疗法很谨慎。Doctors are cautious about/of the new treatment.These chemicals may be harmful to human bodies.Use them with .A.chart B.captionC.caution D.catalogue答案 C解析 句意：这些化学药品可能对人体有害。使用时要小心。chart 意为“图表”；caption 意为“说明文字” ；caution

37、 意为“小心” ；catalogue 意为“目录” 。根据句意可知选 C 项。3.respond vi.做出反应，回应语境感悟(1)(教材 P18)When asked，they usually hesitate before responding.当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下(2)She responded to my letter with a phone call.她收到我的信时，给我回了个电话。(3)She laughed in response to his jokes.她听了他的笑话大笑起来。(4)She made no response to my question.她

38、对我的问题没有做什么答复。归纳拓展(1)respond to sb/sth with sth 以某种方式回应某人/事(2)response n.回答；响应；反应in response to 作为对的反应make a response to 对作出反应即时跟踪 完成句子他对我的建议报之一笑。He responded to my suggestion with a laugh.到目前为止他们还没有对事故的结果做出回应。So far theyve not made any response to the result of the accident.These comments came speci

39、fic questions often asked by local newsmen.A.in memory of B.in response toC.in touch with D.in possession of答案 B解析 句意：这些评论是对当地记者经常询问的具体问题的回应。in response to作为对的回答反应，符合语境。in memory of 为了纪念；in touch with与有联系；in possession of 拥有，持有。mitted adj.尽心尽力的；坚信的；坚定的语境感悟(1)(教材 P19)Friendship means being committed

40、to others.友谊意味着忠诚于他人。(2)Most crimes are committed by young men.多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。(3)The President is committed to reforming health care system.总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。(4)She doesnt want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大的承诺。归纳拓展(1)be committed to 对忠诚；致力于(2)commit vt.做出(错或非

41、法的事 )；犯(罪或错等)；承诺，保证commit oneself to(doing) sth.答应做(3)commitment n.C(promise) 承诺，保证make a commitment to (do) sth/sb 对(做)某事/某人做出承诺即时跟踪 完成句子你做好忠于婚姻的准备了吗？Are you ready to be committed to a marriage?他保证按时付账。He made a commitment to pay the bill on time.她致力于帮助穷人的工作。She is very committed to her job to help

42、 the poor.He admitted having a mistake.A.committed B.constructedC.completed D.contributed答案 A解析 commit a mistake 犯错误，符合句意。construct 建设；complete 完成；contribute 捐助，投稿。But he quickly found that he loved playing the violin，and was to practicing it so that within a couple of months he was playing reasonab

43、ly well.A.committed B.used C.limited D.admitted答案 A解析 根据前半句：他很快发现自己喜爱拉小提琴可知，他会致力于练习，以至于几个月内他就理所应当弹得很好了。5.mercy n.宽恕；仁慈语境感悟(1)(教材 P19)Because I am a friend，I have had to learn patience and mercy.因为我是一个朋友，所以我就要学会有耐心和宽容。(2)They were lost at the sea，at the mercy of the wind and weather.他们在海上迷了路，任凭风和天气的摆

44、布。(3)He showed mercy to the defeated enemy.他怜悯被打败的敌人。归纳拓展at the mercy of.任摆布；在的掌握中without mercy 无情地；残忍地have mercy on 怜悯，宽恕show mercy to 对表示同情即时跟踪 完成句子他们对敌人绝不留情。They had little mercy on their enemy.他受到无情地对待。He was treated without mercy.It was clear that the grocer was people he owed money to.A.at the

45、 expense of B.at the risk ofC.in the way of D.at the mercy of答案 D解析 句意：显然，这个杂货商任凭其债主的摆布。at the mercy of 意为“在支配下” ，符合句意。at the expense of 意为“以为代价” ；at the risk of 意为“冒的危险” ；in the way of 意为“碍事” 。1.be based on/upon 以为基础，以为根据语境感悟(1)(教材 P18)Friendships between girls are usually anchored in shared feelin

46、gs and support，but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。(2)In 1849， he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.在 1849 年，他去了英格兰并将伦敦作为他革命工作的基地。归纳拓展(1)base.on/upon.把 建立在的基础之上(2)base n.基础；基地，根据地；vt

47、.以为据点at the base of.在的底部即时跟踪 完成句子/一句多译我发现这花的底部有一个小昆虫。I found a small insect at the base of the flower.他的观点是以事实为基础的。a.He based his opinion on the facts.b.His opinion was based on the facts.Many students believe the choice of their courses and universities should their own interest.A.be based on B.bas

48、e onC.be basing on D.base at答案 A解析 句意：许多学生认为他们的课程和大学的选择应该以他们自己的兴趣为基础。base 和 choice 是动宾关系，故用短语 be based on。2.regardless of 不管；不顾语境感悟(1)(教材 P18)The qualities that boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same，regardless of the basis of these friendships.不管男孩和女孩各自友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。(2)He hired a