牛津译林版高中英语必修5：Unit 1 Period One精致讲义（含答案）

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1、Unit 1 Getting along with others每一位人的生活都与其他人息息相关。那么，如何才能与他人和平相处呢？文章给出了几条行之有效的建议。Everyone knows that our life is connected with others.So we should learn to communicate with the people around us. But not everyone is getting along well with others without troubles.Id like to make some suggestions for

2、this topic how to get along well with others.In my opinion，we should always bear it in mind that any good relationship is based on mutual(相互的) understanding，trust and respect.If we can respect others，we are friendly with others and treat others sincerely，I think we can win others hearts，gain others

3、respects and build up friendship gradually.In my real life，I can easily find that some people have very good terms with others. They are quite popular with their classmates or colleagues.I think the secret should be attributed to their enthusiasm and optimism.There is no doubt that a person who is r

4、eady to help others and to bring joy to others is always welcome.Maybe sometimes，they could not really help out，but their willingness to help and their optimistic attitudes towards life move us to such an extent that we are pleased to be in contact with them. The last point Id like to mention is tha

5、t being broad minded is also very important. If a person is narrowminded，or unable to tolerate others，this person is unlikely to gain popularity. Being broadminded means that a person should be kind to others，he should be good at putting up with others faults，and he knows how to appreciate others. O

6、therwise，this person can not get along well with others.词海拾贝1.be connected with 与有联系municate with sb 与某人交流3.get along well with sb 与某人相处得好4.be based on 以为基础5.build up friendship 建立友谊6.be attributed to 归因于7.be in contact with 跟有联系8.be kind to 对友好9.be good at 擅长Period One Welcome to the unit & Reading

7、.单词自测1.betray vt.出卖，背叛2.pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮，扮作3.cheerful adj.愉快的，高兴的；令人愉快的cheer vt.欢呼；使高兴4.admit vt.& vi.承认；允许进入，接纳admission n.准许加入；承认5.beg vt.& vi.请求，恳求；乞讨6.swear vt.& vi.发誓；郑重承诺；说脏话，咒骂swore(过去式)sworn(过去分词)7.spy vi.从事间谍活动；搜集情报；n.间谍8.forgive vt.原谅，宽恕forgave(过去式)forgiven(过去分词 )9.sincerely adv.真诚地si

8、ncere adj.真诚的，真心实意的10.focus vi.& vt.集中注意力于；(使) 聚焦； n.焦点；重点11.remark n.& vi.评论，谈论12.dislike vt.不喜欢，厌恶13.argue vi.争吵，争论14.apologize vi.道歉apology n.道歉15.quarrel n.& vi.争吵，争执16.envy vt.& n.羡慕，忌妒17.blame vt.责备，指责； n.(坏事或错事的)责任；责备，指责18.gifted adj.有天赋的，有天才的.短语默写1.get along/on with 与相处2.stare at sb 盯着某人3.fe

9、el like doing 想要4.spy on sb 窥探某人5.be determined to do sth 决心干某事6.keep pace with 与步调一致7.as a result of 由于，因为8.cant help doing sth 情不自禁地做某事，禁不住干某事阅读清障betray/bItreI/vt.出卖，背叛primary adj.初步的，初级的；第一位的，主要的 primary school 小学fun n .U乐趣不能和不定冠词 a/an 连用。academic adj .优秀的；学术的；空谈的we like it that way 中 that way 作方

10、式状语，it 不具体指代某一事物，而是一种模糊指代。surprise n.惊奇，吃惊 (此处为名词作定语)作定语的名词往往说明中心词的材料、内容、类别等，一般用单数形式(sport 除外，如 a sports meet)。quiz/kwIz/n.小测验have a quiz 进行测验must have done 表示对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。现在分词短语作伴随状语；saying 后是两个宾语从句。ashamed adj .感到羞耻的 (常作表语)stupid adj.笨的，愚蠢的fail 可作及物动词用，表示“不及格，未能通过” 。afterwards adv.然后，后来pretend/pr

11、Itend/vi.& vt.假装pretend to do sth 假装做某事cheerful/tIfl/adj.愉快的，高兴的sense vt.感觉到，意识到washroom/wru:m/n.洗手间，厕所admit/dmIt/vt.& vi.承认；允许进入，接纳admit (doing) sth 承认(做了 )某事how 引导的宾语从句。be admitted to/into 被准许进入beg/be/vt.& vi.请求，恳求；乞讨beg sb(not)to do sth 乞求某人(不) 做某事keep ones secret 保守秘密stare at 凝视，盯住be shocked to

12、do sth 做某事很震惊“写着”应用 say 或 read 表达，不能根据汉语意思用 write。feel like 后跟 doing，表示“想做” 。21 straight adv.直接地，径直 adj.直的，率真的22 keep ones word “信守诺言” ，相当于 keep ones promise。23 swear/swe(r)/vt.& vi.发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话24 spy on 暗中监视，窥探25 spy/spaI/vi.从事间谍活动，搜集情报；n.间谍truly/tru:lI/adv.真诚地，诚恳地26 forgive/fIv/vt.原谅，宽恕27 sincer

13、ely /sInsIlI/adv.真诚地28 Yours sincerely 是书信结束语，常见的书信结束语还有：Yours lovely，Yours truly。原文呈现Secrets and liesDear AnnieI feel betrayed by my friend Hannah.We have been best friends since primary school and spend almost every day with each other.Sometimes，other children say we are no fun because we are both

14、 very academic and like to study，but we like it that way.We are both very hardworking and always get good grades at school.On Monday，we had a surprise math quiz .I thought it was quite easy and was not worried about the results.I must have sounded very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy

15、it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.The next day after class，my math teacher told me that I had the lowest grade in the class！I felt so ashamed ；I must be really stupid to fail a simple math quiz!Afterwards ， I pretendedto be cheerful，but Hannah sensedsomething was wrong.We went to wash ou

16、r hands in the girls washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done.I begged her not to tell anyone else，and she said she would keep my secret.However，the next day，I noticed that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math class and，when I went to sit down，I was shocked to finda

17、piece of paper on my desk that said， Stupid Sarah got a D！ I was so upset that I felt like crying.I thought that Hannah must have told my classmates about my grade 21 after promising not to.Everyone must have been laughing behind my back!I was so angry that I went straight to Hannah and told her we

18、werent going to be 22 friends any more because she couldnt keep her word .She was really upset and 23 swore that she hadnt told anyone.However，the only people who see our grades 24 are the teacher and the students that the grades belong to.She said that someone must have been spying on us in the was

19、hroom，but I didnt believe her explanation.I 25 dont think I can ever truly forgive her.Now Ive lost my best friend.What shall 26 27 I do?Yours sincerely28 Sarah课文译文秘密和谎言亲爱的安妮：我觉得我的朋友汉娜背叛了我。从小学起我俩就是最好的朋友，几乎每天都在一起。因为我们成绩好，喜爱学习，其他同学有时会说我们俩没趣，但我们喜欢那样。我们都很用功，成绩在学校一直很优秀。星期一那天，我们进行了一次突袭性的数学小测验。我以为它非常简单，一点也

20、不担心考试成绩。小测验之后，我说起话来听上去一定洋洋自得，说它实在太简单了，我肯定能取得好成绩。第二天下课后，我的数学老师告诉我，我得了全班最低分！我感到非常羞愧，这么简单的数学小测验没能及格，我真是笨极了！后来，我假装很开心，但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。午餐前，我们一起去女生洗手间时，我承认我考得有多么糟糕。我求她不要告诉别人，她说她会替我保守秘密。但是第二天，当我走进数学课教室时，我注意到同学们在盯着我看。当我坐下时，我惊讶地发现桌子上有一张纸，上面写着：“笨蛋萨拉得了 D 等！”我难过得想哭。我想汉娜一定是在答应过我不会告诉任何人之后将我的成绩告诉了同学们。大家一定都在背后嘲笑我！我

21、非常生气，径直走到汉娜跟前，告诉她我们不再是朋友了，因为她不能信守诺言。她很不安，发誓说她没有告诉任何人。但是，能看到成绩的人只有老师和学生自己。她说一定是有人在洗手间偷听了我们的谈话，但我不相信她的解释。我想我永远也不会真正原谅她。现在，我失去了我最好的朋友。我该怎么办呢？你真诚的，萨拉in trouble 有麻烦，处于困境中childhood/taIldhd/ n.童年，幼年since 短语通常与现在完成时连用。against prep.对抗，反对superb/su:p :b/adj.极佳的；卓越的focus/f ks/vi.& vt.集中注意力于focus. on.集中 于be dete

22、rmined to do 下决心做keep pace with(与)步调一致pace/peIs/n.速度；步伐；节奏as a result of 作为的结果；由于as a result 结果get annoyed 被惹恼，get done 是被动语态结构，表示“被，遭到” 。现在分词短语作伴随状语；say 后接两个宾语从句：在第二个宾语从句中，引导词 that 一般是不可省略的；第一个宾语从句中 if 引导了条件状语从句。as well as 像一样好manner/mn(r)/n.方式；态度，举止 in a . manner 以的方式turn into 变成horrible/hrbl/adj.

23、极坏的，糟糕的；恐怖的，令人震惊的accuse vt.责备；控告accuse sb of(doing)sth 因(做)某事而指控/指责某人guilty/IltI/adj.内疚的(后接 about/at)；有罪的(后接 of)cruel/kru:l/adj.伤人的；残酷的，残忍的 be cruel to 对残忍remark/rIm:k/n.& vi.评论，谈论make a remark 发表言论，做出评论dislike/dIslaIk/vt.不喜欢，厌恶dislike(doing)sth 不喜欢( 做)某事“so连系动词 be/助动词/情态动词主语”表示前面提到的肯定情况也适用于后者。argue

24、/:ju:/vi.争吵，争论even thougheven if，意为“尽管，即使” ，引导让步状语从句。awkward/:kwd/adj.令人尴尬的outgoing adj.外向的；友好的21 he said 是定语从句，修饰 things，从句中作宾语的关系代词省略了。apologize/pldaIz/vi.道歉22 apologize to sb for sth 因某事向某人道歉instead of 在此相当于 in place of，意为“代替” 。23 cannot help doing sth 忍不住/情不自禁做某事；I wonder if. 我想知道是否，if 从句为宾语从句。q

25、uarrel/kwrl/n.& vi.争吵，争执24 quarrel with sb about/over sth 因某事同某人吵架sensitive/senstIv/adj.敏感的25 be sensitive to 对敏感bitter adj.怀有怨恨的；苦的；痛苦的26 athletic/letIk/adj.擅长运动的27 A friendship in troubleDear AnnieMy name is Andrew.I am 17 years old and I have a problem.My best friend Matthew has stopped talking t

26、o me.We have been best friends since childhood and play together in the school football team.Last week，we had an important match against another school.The other team was superb and we really had to focus .I was determined to win ， but Matthew was playing badly.He could not keep pace with the game，a

27、nd as a result of his careless playing we lost.Afterwards， I got really angry with him，and I told him I thought he was not trying hard enough.He got annoyed ，saying it wasnt his fault if he couldnt play as well as me，and that I shouldnt talk to him in this manner.Then we both started shouting at eac

28、h other and it turned into a horrible argument.He accused me of some really bad things just to hurt me.I feel really guilty because I made some cruel remarks too，but I dislike seeing our team lose.Football is very important to me，but so is our friendship .Since we argued，he hasnt spoken to me even t

29、hough we sit next to each other in class.Its really awkward.He is usually cheerful and outgoing ，but he has been 21 really quiet and looks sad.The things he said hurt me too，but he has not apologizedto me.22 Yesterday，I saw him talking to another boy，Peter, and I cannot help wondering if he wants Pe

30、ter to be his best friend instead of me.I told my brother about the 23 quarrel ，but he said Matthew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter 24 25 26 because I am really athletic and good at football，and that I had better find 27 another friend.What should I do?Yours trulyAndrew陷入困境的友谊亲爱的安妮

31、：我叫安德鲁。我 17 岁，碰到了一个难题。我最好的朋友马修已经停止跟我说话了。我们从小就是最好的朋友，一起在学校足球队踢球。上个星期，我们与另一所学校进行了一场重要的比赛。另外一支球队很棒，我们必须集中精力。我下决心要赢得比赛，但马修踢得很糟糕。他跟不上比赛的节奏，由于他的漫不经心，我们输掉了比赛。后来，我非常生他的气，并告诉他说我觉得他没有尽全力。他被惹火了，说如果他的球技不如我好，那并不是他的错，还说我不该以这种方式和他说话。然后我们俩都开始冲着对方大喊大叫，结果我们的喊叫变成了可怕的争执。他指责我做了一些非常不好的事情，只是为了伤害我。我感到很内疚，因为我也说了一些残酷无情的话，但我不

32、喜欢看到我们队输球。足球对我很重要，但我们的友谊也很重要。虽然我们在教室里是邻座，但自从吵架之后，他便没有和我说过话。这实在令人尴尬。他通常快乐外向，但最近一直沉默寡言，看起来很难过。他说的那些话也伤害了我，但他并未向我道歉。昨天，我看见他和另一个男孩彼得说话，我不禁想知道他是不是想让彼得取代我做他最好的朋友。我把吵架的事告诉了我哥哥，但他说马修只是太敏感，可能还有一点忌妒，因为我身强体壮，足球踢得很好。他说我最好另找一个朋友。我该怎么办呢？你真诚的，安德鲁.根据课文内容判断正(T)误(F)1.Sarah felt good after the math quiz because she re

33、ally got a good grade.(F)2.Both Sarah and Hannah are not hardworking.(F)3.Hannah didnt sense something was wrong before she was told the fact.(F)4.Sarah thought Hannah must have told their classmates about her bad grade.(T)5.The only people who see the grades are the teacher and the students that th

34、e grades belong to.(T).阅读课文，选出最佳答案1.What is the secret about in the first letter?A.Family problems. B.A test score.C.Love affairs. D.Wrong doings.答案 B2.Sarah felt betrayed by her friend，Hannah，because she thought .A.Hannah had been her best friend since primary schoolB.Hannah was the only one who kn

35、ew her markC.it was a secret between Hannah and herD.Hannah let out her secret答案 D3.According to Andrew，they lost the football game because .A.the other team was brilliantB.Matthew was not as athletic as himC.Matthew was absentminded and carelessD.even Beckham couldnt always give a great performance

36、答案 C4.What made Andrew think that the friendship between Matthew and him was in trouble?A.He saw Matthew talking to another boy.B.They had a terrible fight after the match.C.Matthew hasnt apologized to him.D.He had better find another friend.答案 A.细读课文，完成表格，每空一词.难句分析1.However， the next day， I noticed

37、 that my classmates were staring at me as I came into math class and，when I went to sit down， I was shocked to find a piece of paper on my desk that said， “Stupid Sarah got a D！”句式分析However，the next day，I noticedthat my classmates were staring at me宾 语 从 句as I came into math class时 间 状 语 从 句 and连 接

38、并 列 句 ，when I went to sit down时 间 状 语 从 句 ，I was shocked to find a piece of paper原 因 状 语on my desk that said，“Stupid Sarah got a D！ ”定 语 从 句)尝试翻译 但是第二天，当我走进数学课教室时，我注意到同学们在盯着我看。当我坐下时，我惊讶地发现桌子上有一张纸，上面写着：“笨蛋萨拉得了D 等！”2.However， the only people who see our grades are the teacher and the students that the

39、 grades belong to.句式分析 尝试翻译 但是，能看到成绩的人只有老师和学生自己。1.betray vt.出卖，背叛，辜负；(无意中)泄露信息；流露情感；泄露 (机密)语境感悟(1)(教材 P2)I feel betrayed by my friend Hannah.我觉得我的朋友汉娜背叛了我。(2)His expressions betrayed how happy he really was.他的表情泄露了实际上他是多么高兴。(3)For years they had been betraying state secrets to Russia.多年来，他们一直向俄罗斯泄露国

40、家机密。归纳拓展betray sb/sth(to sb)(向某人)出卖某人/泄露某事betrayal n.出卖，背叛即时跟踪 完成句子没有什么能使我背叛我的祖国。Nothing can make me betray my motherland.我认为她的所作所为辜负了我的信任。I saw her actions as a betrayal of my trust.Wang Ping was so angry when he heard his friend him that he tore the letter into two immediately.A.betrayed B.spiedC.

41、pretended D.swore答案 A解析 句意：当听到朋友出卖他的事情后，王平非常生气以至于立即把信撕成了两半。betray 背叛，出卖；spy 窥探；pretend 假装；swear 发誓。根据句意知应选 A 项。2.pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮 ，扮作语境感悟(1)(教材 P2)Afterwards，I pretended to be cheerful，but Hannah sensed something was wrong.后来，我假装很开心，但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。(2)She pretended to have seen the film before.

42、她假装以前看过这部电影。(3)He pretended to be sleeping when his mom came in.当他妈妈进来时，他假装正在睡觉。(4)He pretended that he didnt know the truth.他假装不知道事实真相。归纳拓展pretend to be/do.假装是/做pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事pretend to have done sth 假装已做某事pretend that.假装pretend (to be)n.扮作，装扮成即时跟踪 完成句子不懂的东西就不要装懂。Dont pretend to kn

43、ow what you really dont know.Tom pretended when the teacher came in.A.to read B.to be readingC.to have read D.reading答案 B解析 句意：当老师进来的时候，汤姆假装正在看书。不定式的进行式 to be doing 表示与谓语动作同时发生。故选 B。Eager to play computer games，the boy pretended his report.A.to finish B.to have finishedC.finishing D.having finished答

44、案 B解析 句意：因为急于想玩电脑游戏，这个男孩假装已经完成了他的报告。动词不定式的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作的前面。3.admit vt.& vi.承认；允许进入，接纳；容纳语境感悟(1)(教材 P2)We went to wash our hands in the girls washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done.午餐前，我们一起去女生洗手间时，我承认自己考得有多么糟糕。(2)This hall can admit as many as 1，000 people.这个礼堂可容纳多达 1 000 人。

45、(3)He admitted not having done it as planned.他承认没有按计划做那件事。(4)He admitted that he had taken my umbrella by mistake.他承认错拿了我的雨伞。归纳拓展(1)admit sth 承认某事admit doing sth 承认做了某事admit that.承认admit sb/sth to be.承认某人/事是be admitted to.准许进入 (某处)；准许加入，接收( 入学)(2)admission n.准许，允许；入场费；门票费即时跟踪 完成句子/句型转换本杰明被迫承认他一直那样做。

46、Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.被梦寐以求的大学录取，他很幸运。It was lucky for him to be admitted to the university he had longed for.She admitted her childs honesty.She admitted her child to be honest/was honest.Little Tom admitted in the examination， the teacher his word that he wouldnt do t

47、hat again.A.to cheat；gaveB.cheating；keepingC.having cheated；givingD.to have cheated；keeping答案 B解析 句意：小汤姆承认在考试中作弊，向老师保证再也不那样做了。admit doing sth 承认做过某事；第二个空 keeping 为现在分词作伴随状语。4.forgive vt.宽恕 ，原谅；免除语境感悟(1)(教材 P2)I dont think I can ever truly forgive her.我想我永远也不会真正原谅她。(2)We forgave him his mistakes afte

48、r a heated discussion.一场激烈的讨论后，我们原谅了他的错误。 (3)Shed find a way to forgive him for the theft of the money.她会找个方法原谅他偷钱的行为的。归纳拓展forgive sb sth 原谅某人某事forgive sb for (doing) sth 原谅某人(做了)某事即时跟踪 句型转换Forgive my interrupting you.Forgive me for interrupting you.She said something bad about me，but I have her for that.A.regretted B.freedC.relaxed D.forgiven答案 D解析 句意：她说了一些关于我的坏话，但我还是原谅了她