人教新课标英语选修八课件：Unit3 Grammar

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1、Unit 3 Inventors and inventions,Grammar,过去分词（一）,过去分词作定语 过去分词作表语 过去分词作宾语补足语,过去分词作定语往往与被修饰的词靠得很紧, 渐渐地成为一个复合词。这种分词叫分词形容词 (the Participle Adjective), 实际上相当于一个单纯的形容词, 除表示“完成”的动作之外, 还表示“被动”的意义。如： spoken English (英语口语)；,一、过去分词作定语。,iced beer (冰冻啤酒)； cooked food (熟食); fried chips (炸土豆条),但要注意不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”

2、的动作, 而不表示“被动”意义。如: boiled water (开水); fallen leaves (落叶) ; the risen sun (升起的太阳)等。,1. The tall man is a returned student.高个子的那个人是个归国留学生。2. My parents are both retired teachers. 我的父母都是退休教师。,单个动词的过去分词, 一般放在被修饰的名词的前面, 作前置定语。 e.g. The excited people rushed into building. 激动的人们冲进大楼。(= the people who were

3、 excited)Lost time can never be found again.虚度的时光, 无法挽回。,(= time which is lost),(1) 前置定语, 少数单个动词的过去分词, 如 left 等, 只能作后置定语。 e.g. 1. Everything used should be marked.所有用过的东西应该做好标记。2. Among the invited were some ladies.被邀请的人中, 有些是女士。3. The books left are for my students.剩下的书是给我的学生的。,(2) 后置定语, 动词过去分词短语作定

4、语时, 通常 要放在被修饰的名词的后面, 在意思上相当 于一个定语从句。及物动词的过去分词作定 语用来表示被动, 可改为带被动语态的定语 从句; 不及物动词的过去分词 (仅限于单个过 去分词, 且不能后置) 则表示完成, 可改为带 有完成时态的定语从句。,e.g. 1. Is there anything planned for tonight? 今晚有什么活动吗? (= that has been planned for tonight) 2. The meeting, attended by a lot of people, was a success这次会议有很多人出席, 开得很成功。

5、(= which was attended by a lot of people),3. We drank some boiled water and went on with our work.我们喝了一些开水后就继续工作。 (= which had boiled) 注意: 这里的过去分词的逻辑主语应是被修饰的 词, 改为定语从句时关系代词应与之一致。,考点一：作定语 1. Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures. （福建2011）A. found B. founding

6、 C. founded D. to be founded点拨 答案为C。过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰Tsinghua University。,C,2. The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. （2011大纲全国卷）A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 点拨答案为C。过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰island。,C,过去分词作表语并无“完成”或“被动”之意, 而是表示主语的状态或思想感情等。如： He looked worried after reading

7、 the letter. 看完信后, 他显得很忧虑。 When we heard of it, we were deeply moved. 当我们听到这件事时, 被深深地感动了。He seemed quite delighted at the idea. 听到这个想法, 他似乎很高兴。,二、动词过去分词作表语。,amused (愉快的)；broken (碎了的)； closed (关闭的)； astonished (吃惊的)；crowded (拥挤的)； experienced (有经验的); delighted (高兴的)； lost (丢失的)； gone (遗失的)； disappoin

8、ted (失望的)；worried (担忧的)； interested (感兴趣的) tired (疲劳的) pleased (高兴的)；satisfied (满意的)； surprised (吃惊的); married (已婚的)； known (著名的) 等等。,常见的作表语的过去分词有:,作表语动词过去分词可被much, very, quite等所修饰。 e.g. I was very pleased at the news听了这消息我很高兴。He grew much tired of the work他十分厌倦这工作。He seemed quite delighted at the i

9、dea.听了这想法他似乎很高兴。,考点二：作表语 1. In April, thousands of holiday makers remained _ abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud. （福建2010）A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck点拨 答案为B。remain此处是系动 词，后接过去分词表状态，表示“成千 上万度假者被困在国外”。,B,2. Tom knew he would certainly get _ if he was late home. （四川2008）A. sho

10、ut at B. to shout at C. shouted at D. to be shouted at 点拨 答案为C。此处表示“汤姆知道自己肯定会被训斥”。,C,三、动词过去分词作宾语补足语。,能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词, 表示被动意义或已完成意义, 有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系, 即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。,e.g. She found the door broken in when she came back她回来时发现有人破门而人。,My grandfather had his old house rebuilt. 我爷爷找

11、人重修了一下他的旧房子。,Will you please make yourself heard to us, please? 请你大声点让我们都听到你说的话, 好吗？,少数不及物动词的过去分词用作宾补时, 强调动作完成后的状态。 e.g. They found all the guests gone whenthey woke up.当他们醒来时, 发现所有的客人都走了。,动词过去分词作宾语补足语的基本用法动词过去分词可以在“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型中充当宾语补足语。在这一结构中, 动词过去分词和它前面的宾语构成逻辑上的被动关系。如果这种句子改为被动语态, 原来的宾语补足语变成了主

12、语补足语。,1. I must get my bike repaired我必须请人修理自行车。(宾语补足语) 2. The girl was found beaten black and blue人们发现那女孩被打得青一块紫一块。(主语补足语),(1) 动词过去分词可作表示感觉和心理状态的动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括see, hear, watch, notice, feel, find, think, suppose, consider等。,e.g. We thought the game lost我们认为球赛输了。,I have never heard him spoken ill o

13、f others. 我从未听过有人说他的坏话。 She felt a great weight taken off her mind. 她觉得心里轻松了些。 They considered the matter settled 他们认为这问题解决了。,(2) 动词过去分词可作使役动词的宾语补足语, 这类动词包括make, get, have, keep, leave, hold等。 e.g. I have my hair cut once a month.我每个月理一次发。He was trying to make himself understood.他正努力使别人听懂自己。,She hel

14、d her hands pressed against her face.她用双手按着脸。, (请人)把某事做完。 e.g. She had her house repaired.她请人把屋子修好了。Where did you have your hair cut?你在哪儿理的发?,“have + 宾语 + done”结构有三个含义：, 遭遇某种意外情况。 e.g. He had his hat blown away on his way home.在回家的路上他的帽子被吹掉了。She had her wallet stolen yesterday.昨天她的钱包被偷了。, 完成某事 (自己也可

15、能参与)。 e.g. I have had all my spelling mistakes corrected.我把所有的拼写错误都改正了。He has had one thousand yuan saved this year.他今年已存了1000元。,(3) 动词过去分词可作表示希望、要求、命令等动词的宾语补足语，这类动词包括like, want, wish, expect, order等”这一类动词的后面作宾语补足语。 e.g. He wont like such questions discussed at the meeting.他不喜欢在会议上讨论这样的问题。,The stude

16、nts wish the TV serial plays continued.学生们希望电视连续剧继续播下去。 (4) 过去分词用在“with + 宾语 + 宾补”这一结构中, 过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。 e.g. The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.小偷被带进来了, 双手被反绑在后面。,With many brightly colored flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden. 周围种了许

17、多色彩鲜艳的花, 他的房子看上就像一座漂亮的花园。,考点三：作宾语补足语 1. Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left. （陕西2011）A. check B. checking C. to check D. checked 点拨 答案为D。have sth. Done意为“使某物被”。,D,2. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. （重庆2011）A. reminding B. to

18、 remind C. reminded D. remind 点拨 答案为C。keep oneself reminded of . 意为“使某人自己被提醒”。,C,I. 下列各句均有一处错误, 指出并改正。,The match between Class 4 and Class 5 is sure to be excited. 2. Interesting in English, he listens to BBC every day.,excited exciting,Interesting Interested,课堂练习,3. How I wish I could make myself u

19、nderstanding fully in English!4. We met him at the giving time and place. 5. When heard the news, she burst into laughter.,understanding understood,giving given,heard hearing或heard前加she,6. He was sitting in the chair, read a book. 7. The villagers had many trees planting just then. 8. Entered the ro

20、om, she found the wall newly painted.,read reading,planting planted,Entered Entering,9. Surprising at what happened, Tom didnt know what to do.10. There were the brothers look very much alike.,Surprising Surprised,look looking,1. When I arrived home one day, I found her _ (seat) under the tall tree.

21、 2. You can improve your mind by _ (read) literary classics. 3. In order to make himself _ (hear), he raised his voice a little bit.,II. 用所给词的适当形式填空。,seated,reading,heard,4. The pool, _ (cover) an area of 300 square meters, is big enough for you to enjoy. 5. The children will get _ (confuse) if aske

22、d to learn too much at a time. 6. Do you like the book _ (make) up of untrue stories?,covering,confused,made,7. Dont keep the visitor _ (wait) for such a long time. 8. Most of my classmates know that I like reading books _ (write) by Zhang Ailing.,written,waiting,Finish all of the Grammar Ex. 24 on Page 24, and Ex. 12 on Page 65.,Homework,Thank you!,