仁爱版英语八年级下册Unit6 Topic1同步讲义

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1、Unit 6 Topic 1 一重点单词( 的程度较差可以不掌握，中、上学生需全部掌握二词组（的程度较差可以不掌握，中、上学生需全部掌握）Section A1. spring field trip 春游2. go on a visit 去旅游 go on a three-day visit to sp. 到某地做个三天的旅游 3. find out 查明，查出，找到 4. the cost for the train / bus / plane 火车/汽车/ 飞机的开销 5. total time 总时间6. decide (not) to do sth 决定（不）做某事 decide on

2、sth 决定，选定 7. make a / the decision 做出决定 8. over / on the phone 通过电话 9. start out 出发book n. 书 v.预定 single(adj.)double（反义词）proper(adj.)properly(adv.) comfortable(adj.)comfor(n./v.)sleeper(n.) sleep(v.) Canadian(adj./n.)Canada(n.)pay(v.)paid（过去式）Section B1. pay for 付钱 2. rooms with a bathroom 带浴室的房间 3.

3、 a standard room 标准间 4. a single room 单人间5. air conditioning 空调 6. two single beds 两张单人床 7. book a room / make a room reservation 订房间 8. feel comfortable 感觉舒服 9. hard / soft sleeper 硬/软卧 10. a room for three people without a bathroom or air conditioning不带浴室和空调三个人住的房间 Section C1. raise money 集钱，筹款2.

4、think of 想出，想到 3. order a special lunch 预订一份特别的午餐 4. serve sth to sb. 给某人上菜 5. advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事 advise doing sth. 建议做某事 6. look forward to sth. / doing sth. 期盼，盼望 7. hear from sb.=receive/get a letter from sb. 收到某人来信 Section D1. get to the top 到达顶部get to/reach/arrive in(+ 大地点)/at(+小地点)

5、到达某地2. land safely 安全降落三重点句子(所有程度学生都要掌握，第 3 句和第 9 句程度较差可以不掌握) Section A1.We are going on a three-day visit to Mount Tai. 我们将要去泰山进行三天的旅行。1)three-day 是复合形容词，作定语修饰名词 visit，“数词+ 连字符+名词”构成形容词作定语，此时的名词要用单数形式，类似的短语还有：girls 800-meter race 女子八百米赛跑a four-year-old boy 一个四岁的男孩a two-day holiday 一个两天的假期2)go on a

6、visit to 去旅游/ 参观；例：We went on a visit to The Great Wall last term. 上学期我们去长城参观了。2.Its too far to cycle. 骑自行车去太远。tooto太而不能例：She is too young to go to school. 她太小了，还不能去上学。3.You two find the cost for the train. 你们两个去查查乘火车去的费用。two 是 you 的同位语，补充说明 you 的，你们俩。例：Are you two reading？ 你们二人在看书吗？They three joine

7、d the school team. 他们 3 人参加了校队。4.Well decide on the best way to travel on our field trip. 我们将决定最好的春游考察方式。1）A. decide on/upon 决定，选定；例：Were trying to decide on a school.我们正在设法选定一个学校。B. decide to do sth.决定要做某事；例：He decides to visit the Mount Huang this summer holiday. 暑假他决定要参观黄山。2）the best way to do. 做

8、 的最好方式，这里的动词作前面名词的定语。例：The best way to keep healthy is to do more exercises. 保持健康的最好方式是多做运动。5.How much does it cost to get to Mount Tai by.? It costs.（见第 6 句后解析）乘去泰山要花多少钱？ 要花6.How long does it take to go there by.? It takes. 乘去那儿要花多少时间？ 要花区别 cost, take, spend, pay：1.cost 的主语是物或某种活动，常用结构：sth. costs (

9、sb.) 金钱，某物花了(某人) 多少钱；例：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。2.take 的主语是物，It takes sb. 时间to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间；例：It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。 3.pay 的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： (1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人) 买；例：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each m

10、onth. 我每个月要付 20 英磅的房租。 (2)pay for sth. 付的钱；例：I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款。 4.spend 的主语必须是人，常用于以下结构： (1 ) spend time / money on sth. 在上花费时间(金钱)；例：I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时。 (2) spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事；例：They spent two years (in) buildi

11、ng this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间。 7.What do you think your trip will be like ? 你认为你的旅行会是怎么样的？这句话中 do you think 是插入语，你试着把它去掉看看，你就会明白 句子成分。what 是特殊疑问词，you trip 是主语，will 表将来时，be like 做谓语动词。例：Who do you think has got the first prize？ 你认为谁获得了第一名？Section B8.Id like to book some tickets to Mount Tai on April 1

12、3th.我想要预订几张 4 月 13 号去泰山的票句中的 book 是动词，意为“订票，预订”，相当于 order。order/book a room for sb./sth.为 订房间；例：We want to book some rooms for 14th. 我们想预订一些 14 号那天的房间。9.We have tickets at 145 yuan for the hard sleeper. 我们有 145 元硬卧的票。1）句中的介词 at 意为“ 以，在” ，一般用于表示价格、比率、年龄、速度等词的前面。例：He is driving at 70 mph(=miles per ho

13、ur). 他正以时速 70 英里的速度驾车行驶。2）句中的 for 意为“供，适合于”。例：Ive got two tickets for the Cup Final. 我弄到两张决赛的票。10.We are sure that conditions here will make you feel comfortable. 我们相信这里的条件会使你感到很舒适。be sure that. 引导宾语从句，意为 “确信某事一定会 ”。例：We are sure that he will make great progress this term我们确信他这学期一定会取得巨大进步。sb. be sur

14、e of sth. +动名词或名词，意为 “确信”例：He is sure of success.他自信会成功的. Im sure of his honesty.我肯定他是诚实的. Section C11.Its very common to raise money in Canadian and American schools.在加拿大和美国的学校，筹款活动是非常普遍的。raise money 筹钱； 例：We can raise the money ourselves. 我们可以自己筹钱。12.It costs each student one dollar to buy a ticke

15、t for the draw.每位学生花一美元买一张抽奖券。1）A. each 作主语，谓语用单数。例：Each of the students spends one dollar buying a ticket.每个学生花一美元买一张票。B. each 用于单数名词前，作定语，谓语用单数。例：Each student has their own e-mail address. 每个学生都有自己的邮箱地址。C. 用于复数主语后，作主语同位语，谓语用复数。例：They each have their own e-mail address. 他们有自己的邮箱地址。2）A. draw 既可作名词也可

16、作动词，作名词时，意为“抽签”。例：The draw for the second round of the World Cup 世界杯足球赛第二轮抽签；B. draw 作动词时，意为“抽签”。其过去式是：drew。例：Before playing cards we drew for partners.我们在玩纸牌之前，用抓牌的方式决定游戏伙伴。C. draw 作动词，还可以意为“绘画”。例：I can draw. 我会画画。13.Im looking forward to hearing from you. 我盼望收到你的来信。1）look forward to 意为“ 期待，盼望 ”，其中

17、 to 是介词，不是不定式符号，后面应接名词、名词性词组、代词或动名词，且常用于进行时。例：Im really looking forward to our vacation. 我非常期待假期的到来。2）hear from sb.=get a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb.= receive a letter, telephone call, etc. from sb. 收到某人的来信、电话等。例：I didnt hear from my parents until now. I miss them very much. 直到现在我才收到父母的来信，

18、我非常想念他们。Section D14.On the third day of our trip,we climbed Mount fuji. 在我们旅行的第三天，我们怕了富士山。On the third day of. 的第三天； 在具体某一天的早、中、晚上，前用介词 on。例：on the morning of March 10th. 在三月十日的上午；on a cold evening 在一个寒冷的夜晚；四语法：不定式的用法动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由“to+动词原形”构成，否定形式为 not to do.在有些情况下 to 可以省略。动词不定式能起名词，形容词和副词的作用，因此

19、在句中可作主语，表语，宾语，宾语补足语，定语和状语。一、作主语，可以用 it 代替，it 叫形式主语，动词不定式放在后面叫真正主语例：To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.Its dangerous to drive very fast.二、作表语例：My idea is to ring him up at once. 我的想法是马上给他打电话。注意：如果主语部分含实义动词 do，且作表语的动词又是“do” 的内容，这时表语不定式的“to” 可以省略。例：All I

20、did was wait here. 我能做的就是在这里等。3、作宾语.作宾语的动词有：want to do sth / begin to do sth / start to do sth / plan to do sth / would like to do sth / learn to do sth / decide to do sth / forget to sth / remember to do sth / try to do sth / hope to do sth / wish to do sth / like / love to do sth例：He wants to go t

21、o the countryside. 他想去乡下。4、作宾语补足语：ask sb ( not) to do sth / order sb. to do sth / tell sb to do sth / want sb to do sth / help sb ( to) do sth / would like sb to do sth. / invite sb to do sth / wish sb todo sth / teach sb to do sth. /make sb do sth / let sb do sth. / see sb do sth / hear sb do sth /

22、 notice sb do sth / feel sb do sth. / hear sb do sth例：The teacher often asks us to study hard.五、作定语.例：I have a lot of books to read. 我有许多书要读。此时，如果动词不定式动词为不及物动词，后面的介词绝对不能省略。例：We had only a cold room to live in. 我们只有寒室一间。六、作状语作状语的动词不定式常表示目的、原因、方向、结果等。go to do sth / come to do sth / stop to do sth 例：Im

23、 glad to meet you. 见到你，我很高兴。They ran over to welcome the foreign guests. 他们跑过来欢迎外宾。7、动词不定式可以和疑问词 what ,which, how, where, when 等连用，作动词 know、think、find out 等的宾语。构成不定式短语。例：I dont know what to do. 我不知道该做什么。 八、注意：不定式在句子中作主语，如果不定式较短，可以直接放在主语的位置，如： To read is to learn. 但如果不定式短语较长，则用 it 作形式主语放在句首，而把真正作主语的不

24、定式短语移到句尾，以保持句子结构平衡。常见句型有：It + takes + sb. + some time + to do sth.It + costs + sb. + some money + to buy sth.It + be +adj. / n. + to do sth.It + be + adj. + for sb. to do sth. （此种形容词表示 to do sth 的情况）例：Its dangerous for children to swim in the river. 孩子在这条河里游泳很危险。It + be +adj. + of sb. to do sth. (此种

25、形容词表示 sb.的特征，状态或性质)例：It was careless of you to do that. 你这么做真粗心。不定式的考点例析 例 1： Liu Ying told me _for her at home. A.waits B. wait C. to wait D. waiting例 2：Mr Zhang often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food. A. Cook B. cooks C. cooked D. to cook 析：这两道题都选 C，都是考查不定式作宾语补足语的用法。“tell sb. to do sth.

26、”和“teach sb. to do sth.”结构中的不定式都要带 to。例 3：I saw him _ basketball with Jack an hour ago. A.plays B. to play C. played D. play例 4：-Where is Meimei now? Do you know? -No, but I heard her _ in the room a few minutes ago. A. to sing B. sings C. sang D. sing 析：这两道题也是考查不定式作宾语补足语的用法，例 3 选 D 而不选 B; 例 4 选 D 而不选 A，是因为不定式在see、 hear、 watch、 made、 have、 let 等感官动词等和使役动词后面作宾语补足语时要省 to。例 5：The little boy didnt know _. A.to go where B. where to goC. where go D. go where 析：不定式可与 how, when, which 或 where 等疑问词连用，在句中作宾语，但要注意，疑问词应位于不定式之前。故选 B。