中考英语培优（含解析）之短文填空

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1、聚焦考点温习理解短文填空的特点及解题技巧一、命题趋势短文填空题的考查方式，是给出一段 200 个词语左右的短文，在短文中留出十个空，给出首字母;或者是给出十二个词，从中选出十个。大家要通读短文，掌 握大意，然后补全短文，每空一词。中考英语试卷中，短文题材非常广泛，可以是科普文、故事、体育甚至文化习俗等，不过，所选的文章，一般 都是大家比较熟悉的材料。这是一种短文性很强且难度较大的题型。考查的呢，是大家对短文上下文的理解能力、对单词词组句型的运用能力以及对全文的逻辑推理能力。二、解题技巧思路点拨1、消除畏惧心理，树立信心1)克服畏难、急躁情绪与中考英语试卷中的其他题目相比，短文空题的篇幅相对较长

2、。面对短文中的 10 个空，大家很容易产生焦躁、压抑等负性情绪。事实上，这种情绪状态不利于大家精准判断短文填空题的考察要求，进而引发错误问题。2)避免跳跃答卷短文填空题中 10 道问题的难度不同。在粗读全文的过程中，某些性格急躁的同学在看到一个空格后，很容易急着选出一个答案。事实上，这种跳跃答题方式会干扰其整体解题思路，因此，在答题过程中，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。3)答题的顺序动笔时，要先易后难，这样的顺序完成解答比较合理。大家应注意，要从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，然后大胆地作出猜测。来源:Z*xx*k.Com4)联系上下文如果某问题选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从语篇(前提示、后暗示

3、 )意义上加以鉴别，调动自己的生活常识文化背景知识正确作答。2、懂得做题步骤来源:Zxxk.Com1)跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意短文填空题的正确答题流程应该为:粗读全文、细读全文并完成 10 道题目的作答复读检查。在粗读阶段，大家应学会无视短文填空题中的空格，直接获取整篇短文的主要信息，以便后续作答环节利用整篇文章的主旨辨别错误选项。2)细读全文，瞻前顾后，各个击破在细读阶段，大家首先应从语法角度直接对题目进行判断。若无法确定答案，则应联系该空格的前后文，获得该题目的提示信息，逐一完成作答。短文填空题的解答最好按前后顺序完成，当后部题目的解答面临困扰时，大家可再次精读前文，寻找线索，最终正确

4、作答。3、必须掌握解题的技巧1)词汇复现法【例 1】在 10 题中，问题的前文和后文分别出现 Terracotta Warriors and Mogao Grottoes 这两个具有相同语义的词汇。因此，大家可以采用词汇复现法分析，该题目的正确答案应该为 places:今天，沿着丝绸之路的一些地点是很好的旅游目的地。2)固定搭配法在动词词组的考察中，英语试卷中常常会通过空缺介词的方式，考察大家对固定搭配的掌握水平。例如:【例 2】在 2 题中主要考察“ dream of”这一词汇: 一些人梦想成为著名的球星。 dream of 梦想，故填 of。3)语法分析法【例 2】在 4 题 people

5、 playing basketball now and then in parks, schools even 49 (factory).中，大家需要通过语法分析法判断空缺处的单词，and 连接并列结构，故填名词复数。通过语法分析，可以确定该题目的答案应该为 factories.总之，作为中考英语试卷的重点部分，大家首先应该消除对短文填空题的恐惧和排除心理，建立积极的作答心态。其 次，大家应充分掌握短文阅读题的答题步骤，按照先快速通读、细读作答、复读检验的流程答题。最后，大家应熟练掌握逻辑推断法、词汇复现法、语法分析法等答题技巧，提升答题的正确率。名师点睛典例分类【例 1】 “Make-A-W

6、ish”is one of the worlds most well-known charities. It makes wishes come true for children who have s1 illnesses. It gives them hope and helps them forget about their h2 problems.It s3 in 1980 in Phoenix, Arizona. Christopher was a 7-year-old boy who was very sick. He always dreamed of becoming a p4

7、 to fly in the sky. They gave Christopher a tour of the city in a police helicopter(直升机) and b5 a space helmet for him.There are four kinds of wishe s children usually have:I wish to go. Children usually want to visit some p6 of interest, like the Statue of Liberty.I wish to meet. Children sometimes

8、 want to meet their f7 film stars or sports players.I wish to be. Some children wish to become doctors to help people who dont have money for m8 treatment.I wish to have. Some children want to have a computer, a bike or many other things. L9 for them, they can get what they want from the charity.Let

9、s hope more wishes will come true in the f10. People who work in the charity always try for the best. Will you be one of them?【例 2】Ladies and gentlemen,Thank you f11 coming today to attend the graduation ceremony at No. 3 Junior High School. First of all, Id like to 12( 祝贺 ) all the students who are

10、 here today. I remember 13 (meet) all of you when you were just starting Grade 7 at this school. You were all so 14 /ful/ of energy and thirsty for knowledge. And yes, some of you were a little difficult to deal with! 15 today I see a room full of talented young adults who are full of hope for the f

11、uture. Youve all grown up so much and Im so p16 of you.Although youve all worked very hard over the last three years, 17(没有人)of you did it alone. I hope youll remember the 18 (importance) people in you lives who helped you your parents, your teachers and your friends. Please 19 (考虑) what theyve done

12、 for you and what they mean to you. Never fail to be t20 to the people around you.Good luck and hope to see you again sometime soon!课时作业能力提升1. Many people like pandas 21 they are shy, gentle and interesting.They live22 wet and warm places such as Sichuan and Gansu. 23 used to be many pandas in the p

13、ast, and 24 lived in the east of China.But now pandas are one of the 25 animals in China.They are 26 fewer and fewer.We are27 to save pandas.We should establish more reserves28 panda s.We must let more people know about their29.I believe there will be more pandas in30 future.2. Henry was a kind, goo

14、d boy. His father was dead, and his mother was very poor. He had a little sister about 2 years old. He wanted to help his mother because she could not a31 earn(挣 ) enough money to buy food for his little family.One day a man gave him a dollar for r32 the pocketbook which he had lost. Henry could hav

15、e kept the pocketbook because no one saw him when he found it. But his mother had taught him to be h33, and never to keep what did not belong to him. So he gave the pocketbook back to the man.W ith the dollar he bought a box, three b34 and some shoe polish(鞋油). He then went to the c35 of the street,

16、 and said to everyone whose boots did not look n36. “Polish your boots, please?”He was so p37 that gentlemen soon began to notice him, and to let him polish their boots. The first day he c38 over 50 cents, which he gave to his mother to buy food with. When he gave her the money, she cried with joy a

17、nd said, “You are a d39, good boy, Henry. I didnt know how I could earn enough to buy bread, but now I think we can m40 to get along quite well.”Henry worked after school every day. He earned almost enough to support his mother and his little sister.3. China is famous for many 41(产品)tea， silk，china，

18、kites and other wellknown traditional Chinese art 42(形式).The tea is planted in many different areas in China. Anxi and Hangzhou are w43(广泛地)known for their tea. The tea is drunk all over the world.Silk has been around for about 5，000 years But before that，people put on 44(叶子)which always easily fell

19、 down onto 45(草地).Silk and c46 were first used for making clothes. Later，rich family even used silk to 47(用颜料画).Most western people believe china is one of the symbols of China.48( 它的)best known brand comes from Jingdezhen. The most common things are dishes and plates.Weifang，Shandong is the Kite Ci

20、ty in China. The 49(当地的)people there are good at making and 50(加工、处理)kites. An i51 kite festival is held in Weifang every year. The 52 (参赛者、竞争者)from many different parts of the world take part in it.During the Spring Festival，paper cuttings are put on windows，doors and walls as symbols of wishes for

21、 good luck and a happy new year. A pair of s53and some red paper are used to 54 (完成)everything.4. Last Saturday, I went out to see a film after supper. On my 55 to the cinema, I met an Englishman. He looked puzzled (茫然的). So I walked up to him and said 56 to him. His 57 name was Kevin. I asked if I

22、could help him. He told me he had 58 his way. So I 59 up the opportunity to see the film and took Kevin to his hotel.60 going there, I told him the great changes that had taken place in my hometown in the 61 few years and Kevin told me 62 interesting about his country. Though I didnt see the film, I

23、 felt very 63 ，for I had not only helped Kevin get out of 64 but also practiced my spoken English. I also realized that if I had not worked hard at English, I would not have been able to help Kevin.5. Do you like eating raisins(葡萄干)？They are dried grapes that have been eaten w65 for thousands of yea

24、rs. Nearly 3,500 years ago，the first raisins were d66 as grapes that were drying in the sun on a vine(藤).In the pa st，Europeans used raisins as medicine and even as a f67 of money.In America，raisins were seen after an 1873 h68 wave in California destroyed its valuable grapes，leaving only dried but t

25、asty grapes. Soon，some f69 began developing seedless(无籽的 ) grapes in California. These grapes would be d70 in the sun and became the popular dark raisin we eat and enjoy today. Later，there was a kind of golden raisin. It was made by treating grapes with a chemical(化学物质)and using some special methods

26、 to p71 them.Today，central California r72 the center of the worlds raisin industry. It can p73 nearly 95 percent of the worlds raisins.I74 sunny climate and hot temperatures provide the perfect conditions for grapes that are dried into raisins.6. The word “cartoon” came from Italian.It first referre

27、d to the picture before an actual drawing 75 the wall.In the middle 19th century, it came into English.Since the 1840s, it has also come to mean any drawing 76 is humorous, satirical (讽刺的) or showing an opinion.It usually appears in a newspaper and magazine, with or without a short test.Today cart o

28、ons are a part of the daily lives of most people.People of all ages, especially young children enjoy all kinds of 77 in newspapers and magazines, or television and at the movies.Cartoons not only show their life, 78 help form it.79 have set the style for clothing, food, manner and many 80 things.The

29、y have supplied ideas to plays, movies and television series and 81 on.Names or words form cartoon series have also 82 into modern languages.Many cartoonists (漫画家) draw with special pens.All cartoonists use pencils to 83 cartoons nowadays.Surely, computers are especially effective for the making of

30、animated cartoons.This helps us to enjoy 84 lively cartoons.7. Walk your way to better healthLeft foot, right foot, left foot, right foot . you can travel fast or slow. The movement of your f85gets you where you need to go. But it also gets you so much more! Walking is simple e86and good for almost

31、everyone. Best of all, its free!Walking helps you in many ways. First it makes your heart stronger. Studies s87 walking reduces (降低) your chance of heart problems. Walking quickly for 30 m88 a day also helps control high blood pressure. It can reduce your chance of having other serious problems, too

32、.As time goes by, people become old, and t89 brains dont work as well as before. I90 old people walk six miles or more every week, they can keep their brains in a better condition.Walking helps your mental (精神的 ) health, too. P91one foot in front of the other isnt difficult. You dont have to think a

33、bout it, so you can pay attention to o92 things. You can consider problems or think of ideas. You can think over conversations again or just remember funny things.You can make walking part of your day. Instead of t93 the lift, walk. You can even have walking meetings. They are what they sound l94. I

34、nstead of sitting, you walk and talk things over.Make walking a habit, and see how it makes you feel.聚焦考点温习理解短文填空的特点及解题技巧一、命题趋势短文填空题的考查方式，是给出一段 200 个词语左右的短文，在短文中留出十 个空，给出首字母;或者是给出十二个词，从中选出十个。大家要通读短文，掌握大意，然后补全短文，每空一词。中考英语试卷中，短文题材非常广泛，可以是科普文、故事、体育甚至文化习俗等，不过，所选的文章，一般都是大家比较熟悉的材料。这是一种短文性很强且难度较大的题型。考查的呢，是

35、大家对短文上下文的理解能力、对单词词组句型的运用能力以及对全文的逻辑推理能力。二、解题技巧思路点拨1、消除畏惧心理，树立信心1)克服畏难、急躁情绪与中考英语试卷中的其他题目相比，短文空题的篇幅相对较长。面对短文中的 10 个空，大家很容易产生焦躁、压抑等负性情绪。事实上，这种情绪状态不利于大家精准判断短文填空题的考察要求，进而引发错误问题。2)避免跳跃答卷短文填空题中 10 道问题的难度不同。在粗读全文的过程中，某些性格急躁的同学在看到一个空格后，很容易急着选出一个答案。事实上，这种跳跃答题方式会干扰其整体解题思路，因此，在答题过程中，必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。3)答题的顺序动笔时，要先易后难，

36、这样的顺序完成解答比较合理。大家应注意，要从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示，然后大胆地作出猜测。4)联系上下文如果某问题选项从语法角度无法确定，则必须从语篇(前提示、后暗示 )意义上加以鉴别，调动自己的生活常识文化背景知识正确作答。2、懂得做题步骤1)跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意短文填空题的正确答题流程应该为:粗读全文、细读全文并完成 10 道题目的作答复读检查。在粗读阶段，大家应学会无视短文填空题中的空格，直接获取整篇短文的主要信息，以便后续作答环节利用整篇文章的主旨辨别错误选项。2)细读全文，瞻前顾后，各个击破在细读阶段，大家首先应从语法角度直接对题目进行判断。若无法确定答案，则应联系该

37、空格的前后文，获得该题目的提示信息，逐一完成作答。短文填空题的解答最好按前后顺序完成，当后部题目的解答面临困扰时，大家可再次精读前文，寻找线索，最终正确作答。3、必须掌握解题的技巧1)词汇复现法【例 1】在 10 题中，问题的前文和后文分别出现 Terracotta Warriors and Mogao Grottoes 这两个具有相同语义的词汇。因此，大家可以采用词汇复现法分析，该题目的正确答案应该为 places:今天，沿着丝绸之路的一些地点是很好的旅游目的地。2)固定搭配法在动词词组的考察中，英语试卷中常常会通过空缺介词的方式，考察大家对固定搭配的掌握水平。例如:【例 2】在 2 题中主

38、要考察“ dream of”这一词汇: 一些人梦想成为著名的球星。 dream of 梦想，故填 of。3)语法分析法【例 2】在 4 题 people playing basketball now and then in parks, schools even 49 (factory).中，大家需要通过语法分析法判断空缺处的单词，and 连接并列结构，故填名词复数。通过语法分析，可以确定该题目的答案应该为 factories.总之，作为中考英语试卷的重点部分，大家首先应该消除对短文填空题的恐惧和排除心理，建立积极的作答心态。其次，大家应充分掌握短文阅读题的答题步骤，按照先快速通读、细读作答、

39、复读检验的流程答题。最后，大家应熟练掌握逻辑推断法、词汇复现法、语法分析法等答题技巧，提升答题的正确率。名师点睛典例分类【例 1】 “Make-A-Wish”is one of the worlds most well-known charities. It makes wishes come true for children who have s1 illnesses. It gives them hope and helps them forget about their h2 problems.It s3 in 1980 in Phoenix, Arizona. Christopher

40、 was a 7-year-old boy who was very sick. He always dreamed of becoming a p4 to fly in the sky. They gave Christopher a tour of the city in a police helicopter(直升机) and b5 a space helmet for him.There are four kinds of wishes children usually have:I wish to go. Children usually want to visit some p6

41、of interest, like the Statue of Liberty.I wish to meet. Children sometimes want to meet their f7 film stars or sports players.I wish to be. Some children wish to become doctors to help people who dont have money for m8 treatment.I wish to have. Some children want to have a computer, a bike or many o

42、ther things. L9 for them, they can get what they want from the charity.Lets hope more wishes will come true in the f10. People who work in the charity always try for the best. Will you be one of them?【答案】1 serious. 2 health 3 started 4 pilot 5 brought 6 places 7 favourite 8 medical 9 Luckily 10 futu

43、re 【解析】【分析】本文介绍了“Make-A-Wish“是世界上最著名的慈善机构之一。这个慈善机构主要帮助患有严重疾病的儿童病人完成梦想。它给孩子们带来了希望并且帮助他们忘记他们的健康问题。它 1980 年起源于亚利桑那州的凤凰城。克里斯 多夫是一个七岁的患病男孩。他总是梦想着成为一名在空中飞行的飞行员。他们让他乘坐直升机体验了空中之旅，还给他带去了太空头盔。孩子们的梦想通常有四种，我想去哪？我想见谁？我想成为什么？我想拥有什么？这个慈善机构就是为了帮助孩子们完成这些梦想的。2句意：它给他们希望，帮助他们忘记健康问题。根据句意“It gives them hope and helps the

44、m forget about their _problems它给孩子们带来了希望并且帮助他们忘记他们的_问题”和上文的“children who have serious illness”可知，这里意为“健康问题” ，结合所给首字母“h”可知，答案为名词 health。3句意：它始于 1980 年的亚利桑那州凤凰城。根据句意“It _in 1980 in Phoenix，Arizona它 1980 年 _于亚利桑那州的凤凰城”及首字母提示“s”可知，这里考查的是动词“start 开始，起源”的用法，由“in 1980”可知，这里的时态为一般过去时，故这里应该用 start 的过去式，答案为 s

45、tarted。4句意：他一直梦想着成为一名在空中飞行的飞行员。根据“fly in the sky”和首字母提示“p”可知，克里斯多夫想要成为一个“飞行员 pilot”，由冠词“a ”可知，这里应该为单数形式，故答案为 pilot。5句意：他们让他乘坐警用直升机体验了空中之旅，还给他带去了太空头盔。根据语境“b _ a space helmet for him为他_太空头盔”及首字母提示“b”可知，这里考查的是动词“bring 带来”的用法，因这句话的时态为一般过去时，故这里应该用 bring 的一般过去式，答案为 brought。6句意：孩子们通常想参观一些名胜古迹，比如自由女神像。根据“li

46、ke the statue of Liberty 像自由女神像”和首字母提示“p_ of interest”可知，这里意为“名胜古迹” 。名胜古迹：places of interest，故答案为 places。7句意：孩子们有时想见他们最喜欢的电影明星或体育运动员。根据句意“Children sometimes want to meet their _ film stars or sports players 孩子们有的时候想见见他们 _电影明星或者运动员”和首字母“f”可知，这里的应填词语意为“最喜欢的”形容词最喜欢的：favorite ，故答案为 favorite。8句意：一些孩子希望成为

47、医生来帮助那些没有钱医疗的人。根据句意“who dont have money for _ treatment 没有钱进行_治疗的人 ”和首字母“m ”可知，这里应该为形容词“医学的 medical”，故答案为 medical。10句意：希望将来能实现更多的愿望。根据句意“Lets hope more wishes will come true in the _. 我们希望在_有更多的愿望可以实现”和首字母“f”可知，这里意为“在将来” ，在将来：in the future ，故答案为名词 future。【点睛】英语首字母填空技巧1. 通读短文知大意，看整体全面了解来源：与阅读理解题和其它类型

48、的完形填空一样，首先要通读短文，了解文章的大意。每篇短文段落之间必然承上启下、前呼后应。因此通读全文时要一气呵成，只要能了解短文的大意即可，细节不理解可以跳过。因此，在解题之前通读一遍短文，目的是对文章有个全面的了解，弄清其中心思想和大意。2. 复读短文抓信息，前后照应巧猜词在了解文章大意的前提之下再次通读短文，目的是对短文有更进一步的了解。在阅读时要特别注意一篇文章的开头（一般不设空）和结尾，它们能提供主要的信息，帮助了解全文所描述的事件或文章的中心思想。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，这对于把握文章的整体意义大有用处。另外，要学会跳读，即对不理解的地方采用暂时回避的方式，待真正理解全文之后再找解决的方法。有些短文填空题，有时出现约 3%5% 的生词是很正常的，这就要求学生根据构词知识或上、下文的意思加以猜测，来确定它的词义。3. 反复推敲多分析，慎重答题讲合理再次通读短文，对留空的句子进行全面的分析，看它在全文中所处的位置、作用和意义。这一遍阅读要求是精心阅读，要留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。4. 认真复查全文，把握整体和词形来源：做完以后，再认真读一遍，检查所填写的单词是否与文章要求相符，文章是否通顺，前后是否呼应，有无句型结构及语法错误。【例 2】Ladie