中考英语培优(含解析)之被动语态
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1、聚焦考点温习理解定义:语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语的关系。英语的动词可分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。动词的语态I. 概念:语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。II. 种类:英语动词的语态有主动和被动两种:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。III. 被动语态的构成: be +及物动词过去分词IV.被动语态的用法(1 ) 动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。Street lights are often turned on at six in winter. (2 )当动
2、作的承受者比起动作的执行 者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时,要用被动语态。This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.V.被动语态的时态初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。(1 )一般现在时 构成:助动词 be + 动词的过去分词English is spoken in many countries.(2) 一般过去时 构成:助动词 was/were + 动词的过去分词Was this novel written by his father?(3) 一般将来时 构成: will/be going to do +
3、be + 动词的过去分词The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.(4) 现在完成时 构成:助动词 have/has + been + 动词的过去分词Has his work been finished?(5) 现在进行时 构成:be + being + 动词的过去分词The problem is being discussed by the students.(6)带 有情态动词的被动语态 构成:情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词Your composition must be handed in tomorrow.VI.特别
4、说明1 双宾语的被动语态。含双宾语的句子由主动语态变被动语态时,可把指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语,也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语,但此时须在间接宾语前加上介词to 或 for。常用 to 的动词有 give, tell, lend, send, show, pass, hand 等;常用 for 的动词有borrow, make, buy 等。2 复合宾语的被动语态。若主动语态句子为“主语 谓语 宾语 宾补” 这种含复合宾语的结构,变被动语态时只能“宾作主”,而宾补不变。其中,make / hear (watch, see .)sb. do sth. 结构变为被动语态时为“sb. + be
5、的适当形式 + made / heard (watched, seen .) to do sth.”。3 短语动词的被动语 态。有些短语动词相当于及物动词,其后可接宾语,因此它们也有被动语态。但短语动词是个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后的介词或副词。根据近几年对语态考查 的分析,编了这样几句口诀:时态一,语态二,宾变主,主变宾,by 短语,后面跟。谓语动词变被动,be 后添“ 过分”。VII.考查热点:中考对被动语态的考查主要集中在被动语态的构成及用法上。其构成为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”,通过变化助动词be体现时态。来源:Z|xx|k.Com常用被动语态的句式有:It
6、s not known that 不得而知 Its said that 据说Its reported that 据报道 Its not decided that尚未决定Its believed that 据认为 Its announced that据宣布4、主动语态和被动语态的转化主动语态变为被动语态要遵循以下原则:主动句中的宾语变为被动结构的主语(如果是人称代词,宾格变为主格) ;把主动句中的谓语变为被动结构;主动句中的主语变为 by 介词短语(如果是人称代,主格变为宾格) ,有时介词短语可省去。(1 )含有单个宾语的主动句变为被动句在一般情况下,将主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语,动词变为被
7、动语态,主动句的主语变为 by 的宾语,但是短语可以不要。(2 )含有复合宾语的主动句变为被动句有些动词后面可以跟“宾语+补足语”结构,这种结构被称作复合宾语。含复合宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,只将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语,宾语补足语保留不动,这时它就成了主语补足语。可以 充当宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词不定式、V-ing 和 V-ed 等。在主动句中,动词不定式做感官动词(see, watch, hear 等)和使役动词(make ,have)的宾语补足 语,通常省去动词不定式符号 to。但改为被动结构后,要把省略了 to 再加上。注意:动词是 let 时,其被动结构中不定
8、式仍不带 to。(3 )含有双宾语的主动句变为被动句直接宾语是名词、代词时有些动词(give, tell, buy 等)在句中做谓语时可有两个宾语(直接宾语和间接宾语) ,又称双宾语。含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时,可以将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个保留不动。一般是将主动结构的间接宾语变为被动结构的主语。当直接宾语变为被动结构的主语时,间接宾语前应加介词 to(有时可以省去)或 for。来源:Zxxk.Com注意:被动句中两个间接宾语对比时,其前的介词 to 不可省略。直接宾语是从句时如果直接宾语是从句时,一般只能构成以间接宾语为主语的被动句。(4 )带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句带宾语从句的
9、主动句换为被动句时,通常用 it 作为被动结构的形式主语。带宾语从句的主动句换为被动句时,可以改为不定式结构(5 )带有情态动词或 be going to 的主动句换为被动句如果主动句带有情态动词或 be going to(be about to, be to, used to, have to )等,在变为被动句时,情态动词或 be going to 等不变,只是后面的主动词变为被动语态。将来完成时的被动语态是由“be 的将来完成时(will/shall have been)+及物动词的-ed 形式”构成。6、含有情态动词或 be going to 的被动语态含有情态动词的被动结构是由“情态
10、动词或 be going to(be about to, used to, be to, have to等)+be+ 及物动词的-ed 形式” 构成。7、短语动词的被动语态通常只有及物动词才有被动语态,但有些短语动词相当于及物动词,可以有被动语态,但短语动词是一个不可分割的整体,变为被动语态时不可去掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。注意:主动结构的谓语动词为“不及物动词+名词+ 介词”构成的及物的短语动词时,通常把它看成一个整体。但也可将这类短语动词本身的名词用作主语,构成被动语态,尤其是在名词前有定语修饰时。名师点睛典例分类类型一、被动语态及其时态【例 1】Mr Brown didnt go to
11、 Helens party because he Aisnt invited Bdidnt invite Cwasnt invited【例 2】-Its said that tea _in China many years ago-Thats true. And Chinese kung fu tea is very popular among foreignersAinvented Bis invented Cwas invented Dinvents类型二、被动语态中的不定式【例 3】In old days,the poor _ for the boss for over 18 hours
12、 a day.A. was made to be worked B. were made work C. were made to work类型三、短语动词的被动语态【例 4】- I _ Tom for three days. Is he ill?- Im afraid so. The doctor said he needed _.A. havent seen; to be operated B. havent seen; to be operated onC. didnt see; operating D. havent see; operating课时作业能力提升1. Nowadays
13、many new taxi apps(打车软件)_ to help people travel around more easily.Aare used Buse Cused Dis used2. Oh, this is really a small old town.Do you know when it ?Ahas built Bwas built Cwill built Dwill be built3. Lily, will you go to Jennys birthday party this Saturday?Im not sure. Because I _ so far.Ahav
14、e invited Bwasnt invitedC havent been invited Dwill be invited4. Rosa, you _ to the party, why didnt you come then?Aare invited Bhave invited Cwere invited Dinvited5. Two more new classroom buildings _in our school next year.Awill be built Bwere built Care built Dhave been built6. Our school sports
15、meeting _ yesterday due to the bad weather.Awas cancelled Bcancelled Chas cancelled Dhas been cancelled7. The film Coco_ with an Oscar for Best Animated Feature Film in 2018.Apresents Bhas presented Cpresented Dwas presented8. The old houses in this area _ in the 1920s.Abuild Bare built Cbuilt Dwere
16、 built9. Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, the longest sea-crossing bridge, _ in 2018.Awill complete BcompletedC will be completed Dwas completed10. Some new High Speed Railways _ in our country last year.Abuild Bwere built Cbuilt Dwill be built11. Students _to choose their jobs out of interests and lo
17、ve because more jobs appear.Awill educate Bwere educated Chave been educated12. We_to close the windows before we left the classroom.Atell Btold Care told Dwere told13. -Look at the sign,it says“No smoking”.来源:-Oh,sorry.I dont know that smoking _ here.Adoesnt allow Bisnt allowed Cdont allow Dwasnt a
18、llowed来源:ZXXK聚焦考点温习理解定义:语态是动词的一种形式,用来说明主语和谓语的关系。英语的动词可分为主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。动词的语态I. 概念:语态是动词的一种形式,用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。II. 种类:英语动词的语态有主动和被动两种:主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。III. 被动语态的构成: be +及物动词过去分词IV.被动语态的用法(1 ) 动作的执行者不知道是谁或难以说明时常用被动语态。Street lights are often turned on at six in w
19、inter. (2 )当动作的承受者比起动作的执行者来说更能引起人们的关心而需要加以强调时,要用被动语态。This kind of bicycle is not sold in our shop.V.被动语态的时态初中英语教材中出现了五种时态的被动语态及带有情态动词的被动语态。(1 )一般现在时 构成:助动词 be + 动词的过去分词English is spoken in many countries.(2) 一般过去时 构成:助动词 was/were + 动词的过去分词Was this novel written by his father?(3) 一般将来时 构成:will/be goi
20、ng to do + be + 动词的过去分词 The baby will be taken good care of in the hospital.(4) 现在完成时 构成:助动词 have/has + been + 动词的过去分词Has his work been finished?(5) 现在进行时 构成:be + being + 动词的过去分词The problem is being discussed by the students.(6)带有情态动词的被动语态 构成:情态动词 + be + 动词的过去分词Your composition must be handed in tom
21、orrow.VI.特别说明1 双宾语的被动语态。含双宾语的句子由主动语态变被动语态时,可把指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语,也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语,但此时须在间接宾语前加上介词to 或 for。常用 to 的动词有 give, tell, lend, send, show, pass, hand 等;常用 for 的动词有borrow, make, buy 等。2 复合宾语的被动语态。若主动语态句子为“主语 谓语 宾语 宾补” 这种含复合宾语的结构,变被动语态时只能“宾作主”,而宾补不变。其中,make / hear (watch, see .)sb. do sth. 结构变为被动语态时
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