中考英语培优（含解析）之特殊句式

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1、聚焦考点温习理解英语特殊句式大致包括倒装， 感叹句，there be 句型和反义疑问句三大类。倒装句分为部分倒装及全部倒装。 倒装句即将主语与助动词倒置，其结构与一般疑问句大致相同。英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有： 部分倒装1. 含否定意义 的词(如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等) 置于句首时，其后用部分倒装。如： Hardly had she begun speaking when there was a kn

2、ock on the door. 她刚开始说话就听到了敲门声。 Little do we know his life. 我们对他的生活了解得很少。 By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。 2. only 加状语（副词/介词短语/从句）放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。如： Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。 Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时他才知道出了什么事。 3. so

3、(neither, nor)表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so (neither, nor) + 助动词 + 主语”这样的倒装句式。如： He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。 He didnt see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。 She is very beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很漂亮，她妈妈年轻时也很漂亮。 4. 当虚拟条件句含有 were, should, had 时，可省略

4、if, 将 were，should, had 置干句首。如：Were I Tom(= If I were Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我就会拒绝。 Had I realized that(= If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了这一点，我可能会采取某种行动。 5. so. that 结构中，将 SO + adj. (adv. )置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序。如： So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们

5、只好待在家里。 So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。 完全倒装 即将谓语移到主语前。英语中构成完全倒装的情形主要有： 1. 以 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等副词开头的句子，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 Now comes your turn. 现在该你了。 Then came a new difficulty. 然后又产生了

6、一个新的困难。 （1）.肯定的祈使句来源:Z|xx|k.ComClose the door. 关上门Be quiet, please! 请安静！（2 ）有时为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加上 do，表示“务必，一定”Do come on time.一定要按时来Do look out! 一下要小心！there be 句型there be 句型是英语中陈述事物客观存在的句型，表示“有” ，其确切含义是“存在” 。There 作为引导词，本身没有意义，用动词 be 的某些形式作为谓语动词，它的主语是一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组，动词 be 和第一个主事的数保持一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间状语

7、。因此，要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候，常用 there be+名词+地点（时间） ”这一句型，而不用 have 句型。There is a library in our scool. 我们学校有一个图书馆There is some water on the ground。地面上有些水There are 50 students in the classroom. 教室里面有五十名学生。注意there be 的位置和用法口诀：说明何时何地有，There be 在主语前。随着主语第一个，Be 的形式做变换1. there be 句型中的主谓一致动词 be 的单复数形式要跟 th

8、ere be 之后的主语保持一致，如果是几个并列名词作主语，动词 be 和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。来源:There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两本书There are two books and a pen on the desk。桌子上有两本书和一支钢笔。2. there be 句型中的谓语形式(1) there be 句型有各种时态。其中一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时比较常见。There was a knock at the door. 有人敲门。There is going to be a meeting to

9、night. 今晚会有个会议。There has been a girl waiting for you. 有个女孩一直在等你。(2) there be 可以与情态动词连用There may be a cigarette in the box. 那个盒子里或许有支烟。There must be some cakes on the table. 桌子上一定有些蛋糕(3) there be 句型可以和这些短语连用：used to, happen to , seem to , be likely to 等there used to be a temple there before the war.

10、战前那里曾经有一会寺庙 There happened to be a bus nearby. 碰巧附近有辆公共汽车。There is likely to be a storm. 可能有一场暴风雨(4) there be 句型除可以用 be 外，还可以用其他动词：live, sit, stand, lie, exist 等 Once upon a time there lived a king in china. 从前中国有一个国王来源:There stands a tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一棵树。3. there be 句型的其他构成(1) 否定句Th

11、ere be 句型的否定句有两种构成形式，一是将 not 放在 be 之后；二是在主语前加 no.There arent any pens on the desk 桌子上没有钢笔There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有 水(2) 一般疑问句There be 句型的一般疑问句要将 be 放在 there 之前；回答时用 yes 或 no，后接简单答语。Is there a cake on the table? 桌子上有蛋糕吗？Yes ,there is 是的，有/ No, there isnt 不，没有(3) 特殊疑问句There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要由

12、 how many 和 how much 提问名师点睛典例分类【例 1】- Martin is keen on all kinds of outdoor activities.-_ASo is his brother. BNor is his brother.C Thats all alright. DI agree with him.【例 2】There is a baby _ in the room.Asleep Bsleeping Cto sleeping Dto sleep【例 3】Only then _ what he meant .AI understand BI understo

13、odC did I understand Ddid I understood【例 4】Not only _ his own bed, but he also helped his grandma do housework.Adid he make Bhe madeC will he make Dhe will make课时作业能力提升1. I didnt go swimming yesterday afternoon. . I had to clean up my bedroomA So did I BSo I did CNeither I did DNeither did I2. The G

14、reens have never been to Beijing before._ASo have I BSo I haveC Neither do I DNeither have I3. Jack cant play the piano. _.ASo can I BSo I canC Neither can I DNeither I can4. -I have changed my job.-_.ASo do I. BSo I have. CSo I do. DSo have I5. There _ some fruit and vegetables in it.Ais Bare Chas

15、Dhave6. Is there a police station on New Street?_.AYes, it is. BYes, there isnt. CYes, there is.7. Why are you so happy, Jim? Because there a show at the Palace Museum next Sunday.Ais going to have Bare going to beC is going to be Dare going to have8. It is I _ against the plan, because it sounds im

16、possible to carry out.Awho are Bthat are Cthat is Dwho am9._ you _ shape your life and your future. We should wait for no one.AIt is; who BIt; thatC It is; which DIt was; who10. It was not until I told him _ he knew about it.Athat Bwhen Cwhile Das聚焦考点温习理解英语特殊句式大致包括倒装，感叹句，there be 句型和反义疑问句三大类。倒装句分为部分

17、倒装及全部倒装。 倒装句即将主语与助动词倒置，其结构与一般疑问句大致相同。英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有： 部分倒装1. 含否定意义的词( 如 never, hardly, seldom, little, few, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等)置于句首时，其后用部分倒装 。如： Hardly had she begun speaking when there was a knock on the door. 她刚开始说话就听到了敲门声。 Little do we know his

18、life. 我们对他的生活了解得很少。 By no means should you tell him about it. 你绝不要告诉他这事。 2. only 加状语（副词/介词短语/从句）放在句首时，其后用部分倒装。如： Only in this way can you do it well. 只有这样你才能做好。 Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时他才知道出了什么 事。 3. so (neither, nor)表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用“so (neither, nor) +

19、助动词 + 主语”这样的倒装句式。如： He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌，我也会。 He didnt see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影，我也没有看。 She is very beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很漂亮，她妈妈年轻时也很漂亮。 4. 当虚拟条件句含有 were, should, had 时，可省略 if, 将 were，should, had 置干句首。如：Were I Tom(= If I were

20、Tom), I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我就会拒绝。 Had I realized that(= If I had realized that), I would have done something. 我要是明白了这一点，我可能会采取某种行动。 5. so. that 结构中，将 SO + adj. (adv. )置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序。如： So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home. 天气太冷，我们只好待在家里。 So fast does light travel that we can hardly

21、imagine its speed. 光速很快，我们几乎没法想象它的速度。 完全倒装 即将谓语移到主语前。英语中构成完全倒装的情形主要有： 1. 以 here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, off, away 等副词开头的句子，且句子主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。如：Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。 Now comes your turn. 现在该你了。 Then came a new difficulty. 然后又产生了一个新的困难。 （1）.肯定的祈使句Close the door. 关上门Be quiet, please

22、! 请安静！（2 ）有时为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加上 do，表示“务必，一定”Do come on time.一定要按时来Do look out! 一下要小心！there be 句型there be 句型是英语中陈述事物客观存在的句型，表示“有” ，其确切含义是“存在” 。There 作为引导词，本身没有意义，用动词 be 的某些形式作为谓语动词，它的主语是一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组，动词 be 和第一个主事的数保持一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间状语。因此，要表达“某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人”的时候，常用 there be+名词+地点（时间） ”这一句型，而不用 have

23、 句型。There is a library in our scool. 我们学校有一个图书馆There is some water on the ground。地面上有些水There are 50 students in the classroom. 教室里面有五十名学生。 来源:Z+xx+k.Com注意there be 的位置和用法口诀：说明何时何地有，There be 在主语前。随着主语第一个，Be 的形式做变换4. there be 句型中的主谓一致动词 be 的单复数形式要跟 there be 之后的主语保持一致，如果是几个并列名词作主语，动词 be 和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致

24、。There is a pen and two books on the desk.桌子上有一支钢笔和两本书There are two books and a pen on the desk。桌子上有两本书和一支钢笔。5. there be 句型中的谓语形式(5) there be 句型有各种时态。其中一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时比较常见。There was a knock at the door. 有人敲门。There is going to be a meeting tonight. 今晚会有个会议。There has been a girl waiting for you. 有

25、个女孩一直在等你。(6) there be 可以与情态动词连用There may be a cigarette in the box. 那个盒子里或许有支烟。There must be some cakes on the table. 桌子上一定有些蛋糕(7) there be 句型可以和这些短语连用：used to, happen to , seem to , be likely to 等there used to be a temple there before the war. 战前那里曾经有一会寺庙 There happened to be a bus nearby. 碰巧附近有辆公共

26、汽车。There is likely to be a storm. 可能有一场暴风雨(8) there be 句型除可以用 be 外，还可以用其他动词：live, sit, stand, lie, exist 等 Once upon a time there lived a king in china. 从前中国有一个国王There stands a tree in front of the house. 房子前面有一棵树。6. there be 句型的其他构成(4) 否定句There be 句型的否定句有两种构成形式，一是将 not 放在 be 之后；二是在主语前加 no.来源:ZXXKTh

27、ere arent any pens on the desk 桌子上没有钢笔There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有水(5) 一般疑问句There be 句型的一般疑问句要将 be 放在 there 之前；回答时用 yes 或 no，后接简单答语。Is there a cake on the table? 桌子上有蛋糕吗？Yes ,there is 是的，有/ No, there isnt 不，没有(6) 特殊疑问句There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要由 how many 和 how much 提问名师点睛典例分类【例 1】- Martin is keen

28、 on all kinds of outdoor activities.-_ASo is his brother. BNor is his brother.C Thats all alright. DI agree with him.【答案】A【解析】【例 2】There is a baby _ in the room.Asleep Bsleeping Cto sleeping Dto sleep【答案】B【解析】【详解】句意：房间里有一个婴儿在睡觉。考查固定句型。句型 There be sth. /sb. doing sth.+sp.：有某物或某人正在做某事，此句可用现在进行表达，即 sth

29、./sb. be doing sth.+sp.，例如，There are some people dancing in the park.=Some people are dancing in the park.（有些人正在公园里跳舞。 ）结合句意可知填 sleeping；选 B。【例 3】Only then _ what he meant .AI understand BI understoodC did I understand Ddid I understood【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意：只有在那个时候我才理解了他是什么意思。I understand 我理解；I understood

30、 过去时态；did I understand 一般过去时，倒装结构； did I understood 形式错误，有了助动词did，后面的动词用用原形。当 only 修饰副词位于句首时，应使用倒装语序，故应选 C。【例 4】Not only _ his own bed, but he also helped his grandma do housework.Adid he make Bhe madeC will he make Dhe will make【答案】A【解析】课时作业能力提升1. I didnt go swimming yesterday afternoon. . I had to

31、 clean up my bedroomASo did I BSo I did CNeither I did DNeither did I【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意： 昨天下午我没有去游泳。我也没有去。我必须打扫我的卧室。 So did I 我也是，So I did 我的确， Neither I did 我的确不， Neither did I 我也不。根据 I didnt go swimming yesterday afternoon.可知此处表示没有去游泳，根据 I had to clean up my bedroom可知此处表示我也没有去游泳，故选 D。2. The Greens ha

32、ve never been to Beijing before._ASo have I BSo I haveC Neither do I DNeither have I【答案】D【解析】3. Jack cant play the piano. _.ASo can I BSo I canC Neither can I DNeither I can【答案】C【解析】【详解】来句意：杰克不会弹钢琴，我也不会。 “so助动词（情态动词或连系动词 be）另一主语”，此句型是主谓倒装结构，可以表示前面的情况也适用于后者，如果前句是否定句，则要用“neither /nor助动词（情态动词或连系动词 be）主

33、语 ”。 “so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词+主语” ，表示对前面所说情况的一种肯定，翻译成“的确如此”。根据上文，杰克不会弹钢琴。结合所给选项，可知上文情况同样适用于下文。上文为否定语气，要用“neither+倒装结构”，故答案选 C。【点睛】“so + be/助动词 /情态动词+另一主语”，表示前句所述的肯定情况也适用于另外一个人或物。其中的 so 作“ 也这样，也如此” 解。例如：My father enjoys watching TV, so does my mother.我父亲喜欢看电视.我母亲也喜欢看。He is an English teacher. So am I.他是英语教

34、师，我也是英语教师。She bought a beautiful skirt in the shop yesterday. So did I. 她昨天在商场买了一条漂亮的裙子，我也买了一条。这一结构中的主语可以是名词或人称代词，但它和上文中的主语不是指同一个人或物。另外，如果前面的陈述句为否定形式，这一结构的否定式是“neither/nor+ be/助动词/ 情态动词+主语”。例如：I have never been there, neither has he.我从未到过那里，他也没有。“so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词 ”此句型的主语与前一句的主语通常是指同一个人或物。这种句型表示说话者赞

35、同前句所提到的情况或事实。其中的 so 作“ 不错，确实如此”解。例如: -He studies much harder than any other student in his class.他比班上其他同学学习都用功得多. -So, he does.确实如此。-He will go to England for his holiday tomorrow. 他明天要去英国度假。-So he will. 的确如此。-It was hot yesterday.昨天天热. -So it was. 是这样。4. -I have changed my job.-_.ASo do I. BSo I ha

36、ve. CSo I do. DSo have I【答案】D【解析】5. There _ some fruit and vegetables in it.Ais Bare Chas Dhave【答案】A【解析】【详解】句意 ：在它里面有一些水果和蔬菜。A. is 不可数名词/名词的单数；B. are 名词的复数；C. has 第三人称单数形式；D. have 动词原形。fruit 水果，作为不可数名词 There be 就近原则，所以用 is，故选 A。6. Is there a police station on New Street?_.AYes, it is. BYes, there is

37、nt. CYes, there is.【答案】C【解析】【详解】句意： 在新街有一个警察局吗？是的，有。考查 there be 句型一般疑问句的回答。there be 句型一般疑问句的回答也应该用 there be 句型，并保持一致，肯定回答是 Yes, there be.否定回答是 No, there be+not.结合选项可知 C 选项符合题意，故答案选 C。学科网7. Why are you so happy, Jim? Because there a show at the Palace Museum next Sunday.Ais going to have Bare going t

38、o beC is going to be Dare going to have【答案】C【解析】8. It is I _ against the plan, because it sounds impossible to carry out.Awho are Bthat are Cthat is Dwho am【答案】D【解析】【详解】句意“ 正是我反对这个计划，因为它听起来不可能实施”。本题考查强调句，根据 It is . that/who 可知，去掉 It is _ that/who 后，成分完整，剩下 I _ against the plan，用am，故选 D。9._ you _ sha

39、pe your life and your future. We should wait for no one.AIt is; who BIt; thatC It is; which DIt was; who【答案】A【解析】来源:ZXXK句意：正是你 塑造了你的生活和未来。我们不应该等任何人。强调句的结构：It is/was+强调的内容+who/that+剩余部分，根据谓语 shape 可知此处用一般现在时,故选 A。10. It was not until I told him _ he knew about it.Athat Bwhen Cwhile Das【答案】A点睛：强调“not.until”引导的时间状语时，要用“it is/was not until.that.”结构，that 后面的句子要用肯定式，且须用陈述句语序。