中考英语培优（含解析）之阅读理解

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1、聚焦考点温习理解初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧阅读理解也是中考英语题的必考题目之一，本题型旨在考查学生阅读，理解的能力，几年来，中考英语题中的阅读理解材料新，题材丰富，考查学生综合推断能力，根据语篇猜单词意思的能力的力度加大，也考查学生关注细节的能力。所以学生往往要么没能正确理解语篇中某些句子的意思，在细节题上丢分，要么就是对语篇的整体把握不够，在综合题或者推断题方面丢分。那么到底怎么做好阅读理解这一题型呢？从近几年初中升学考试试卷来看，阅读理解考题的类型大致可分为三种：1.阅读短文，选择答案这类题目类型是阅读理解最常考的一种。这类题型的选项应在理解短文的基础上做出判断，坚持短文内容与考项对比的方

2、法，把一些与短文内容明显相符或不相符的答案选出来，然后再对要求根据上下文进行推埋的考项即短文伪容中没有直接答案的考项进行推断。2.阅读短文，判断正误这种题型要求应考者根据短文的内容，对所列的句子与短文内容是否相符做出正误判断。应考者做这类考题时应特别注意反义词、近义词以及一些词组的互替使用。3.阅读短文，回答问题考生对这种题型除了将考项的内容与短文内容对比之外，还应特别留意一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。对于一般疑问句，回答要简洁明了，用 Ye s，No。对于特殊疑问句的回答，切忌用 Yes，No，答话也应尽量简单，可以避免不必要的丢分。对于反意疑问句，应根据反意疑问句的特点和短文的内容仔

3、细分析。此外纵观这几年全国各地的中考“阅读理解”试题，用于阅读理解测试的语篇内容涉及社会生活的方方面面，除了一般的英语故事外，还有书信、通知、广告、交通图、各种表格等。在体现知识测试的同时，更注重英语的实际应用。因此，要做好中考英语试题中的语篇“阅读理解” 题，需要我们具备较强的“ 阅读”和“理解”能力。其中包括：阅读、理解英语文字信息的能力;阅读、理解各种图表的能力;快速阅读能力;根据上下文猜测英文生词词义的能力;迅速捕捉文章大意的能力;分析、判断和独立解决问题的能力。还有合理分配和利用时间的能力以及各项能力的综合运用。(二)阅读理解精设考点1.考查掌握所读材料的主旨和大意的能力。此类考查主

4、旨和大意的题大多数针对段落(或短文) 的主题，主题思想，标题或目的。而获取段落的主旨和大意最有效的办法是找出主题句。一篇文章(或一段文章) 通常都是围绕一个中心意思展开的。而这个中心意思往往由一个句子来概括。这个能概括文章或段落中心意思的句子叫做主题句。因此，理解一个段落或一篇文章的中心意思首先要学会寻找主题句(主题句一般在段首，即文章开头的第一、二句，有时也会出现在文章的最后) 。假如没有主题句，在阅读时要仔细通读全文，注意文中所叙述的事实与细节是否围绕主题。这类题的主要提问方式有：1) Which is the best title of the passage?2) Which of t

5、he following is this passage about?3) In this passage the writer tries to tell us that_.4) The passage tells us that_.5) This passage mainly talks about_.附：阅读理解题目类型及解题方法。1、细节理解题*此类题主要考察学生对相关信息的识别能力， 答案一般在原文中能找到。*答题时应迅速找到它的考察点，切不可望文生义或主观臆断。*出题中所设的干扰项一般与文中的观点截然相反，要么不符，要么未涉及，相对容易排除。2、文章( 段落)主旨大意题Which

6、is the best title of the passage?The writer thinks_.The writer wants to tell us_.The main idea of the passage is_.*切忌以点代面，以偏概全。文章的首尾句及各段的首尾句往往是探察全文内容的窗口，阅读时要学会找出文章的中心句。*在阅读过程中，可通过略读来快速把握文章的中心，阅读时视阈要宽，紧抓对主题句的搜索，按意群进行阅读，避免阅读中的出声、指读、复视或停顿。*学会猜词、跳词阅读，以暂时记忆迅速在头脑中清晰把握文章的大意。3、推理判断题此类题需要透过文章信息进行深入的分析、综合、归纳等

7、推断，需根据上下文及其内在联系对篇章进行深入的分析。1) How many times did the tiger come into the village?*每段的首句，含有重要的解题线索。2) From the second paragraph we know_.*在把握全篇的基础上，细读这一段。4、是非判断题Which of the following is (NOT) true?Which of the following descriptions about is right?*干扰项常常是无中生有，张冠李戴，以偏概全，扩大内容。5、词意句意题What does the word

8、“” mean in paragraph 3?What does the sentence “” really mean?In the last paragraph, “” means_.What does the underlined word mean?*学会猜词(1)根据构词法猜词义。前缀或后缀-ful(形容词后缀), -less(无，没有，构成形容词), -ly(副词后缀), un-(不，非,未), dis-(相反，否定)re-( 重新)appear disappear, agree disagree, tie untie, happy unhappy, careful, carele

9、ss, hope hopeless, comfortable uncomfortable(2)根据上下文猜词义。它和前后文有着必然的联系,只有把握作者的脉搏，理清逻辑链条,才能锁定生词的含义。(3)旧词新义现象。如：Australians put their shirt “tails” on the clothes line after washing, because they usually put them into their trousers. “tails” 一词原意为“尾巴”，而在此处的意思为衬衫的“_”。(4)依解释Microscope is an instrument(工具)

10、that makes small near objects seems larger.Microscope means_.*有时我们能从生词的前后找到解释性的文字。名师点睛典例分类【例 1】Dear John,Im very excited about your coming and staying in Chichester (奇切斯特)next week. The day after tomorrow I have to go away on business for three days, but I will be back when you come. Ill leave a key

11、 with my friend next door at Number 21, so you wont have to wait before I return. Now let me tell you how to get here.Walk along the Star Road until you come to the first traffic lights and then turn right. Turn left at the next crossing. Go straight, and Lansdowne Road is the second on the right. T

12、here you can find my house, the door at Number 22. Oh! I nearly forgot to tell you about the most important thing: please take a sleeping-bag with you.Well, I must go now. I have to go and take the car from the garage(汽车修理店) on Land Road. I was out yesterday when it broke down on the way. Mike1 John

13、 will come and stay in Mikes house _.Aat the beginning of this week Bnext weekC at the weekend Dthe day after tomorrow2 How many days will Mike go away on business?ATwo days. BThree days. CFour days. DFive days.3 Mike will leave a _ with his friend next door.Ahouse Bcar Csleeping-bag Dkey4 Mikes hou

14、se is on the _.ALansdowne Road BStar RoadC Chichester Road DLand Road5 Whats wrong with the writers car?AA thief stole(偷) it on the way. BMike sold it to someone else.C It broke down on the way. DSomeone drove it away by mistake.【例 2】The tradition of birthday parties started a long time ago. It was

15、feared that bad spirits were attracted（吸引） to people on their birthdays . To protect them from harm , friends and family members would come to stay with the birthday person and bring good wishes . Giving gifts brought even more good cheer . This is how birthday parties began .The following are some

16、countries birthday traditions:CanadaPutting butter on the nose . In Canada , the birthday persons nose is put butter on for good luck .ChinaNoodles for lunch . The birthday child receives a gift of money from his/her parents .Friends and relatives are invited to lunch and noodles are served to wish

17、the birthday child l long life .EnglishMoney cakes . Some symbolic object are mixed into the birthday cake as it is being prepared . If your piece of cake has a coin in it , then you will be rich .ItalyPulling eras . The childs ears are pulled as many times as how old she/he is turning .JapanNew clo

18、thes . The birthday child wears new clothes to mark the moment .New ZealandBirthday claps（拍手）. After the candles on the birthday cake are lit , the happy birthday song is sung loudly and the birthday person receives a clap for each year she/he has been alive and then one for good luck .The United St

19、atesCake , candles and song . A cake is made , and candles are put on top based on how old the person is .6 According to the passage , the birthday person _can probably receive a gift money.Ain America Bin China Cin Japan Din Italy7 It can be seen from the passage that _.Ain Canada , some butter is

20、put on the birthday childs nose for good luckBin England , coins are the only things that can be made into a birthday cakeC in Japan, the birthday childs ears are pulled when she/he is having the partyDIn New Zealand , an eight-year-old birthday child receives ten claps in all8 The purpose of writin

21、g the first paragraph（段落）is _.Ato tell us how birthday parties startedBto show how people celebrate birthdayC to encourage people to have more partiesDto teach people how to stop the bad spirits【例 3】 We spoke to three students from around the world about different national holidays. There are differ

22、ent customs（习俗） for each festival.Tan Xiaodong, 15, Hong Kong, China“Itll soon be Chinese New Year. Before it, well clean the house and decorate it for good luck. Every shop is going to close for a few days and go out a lot to celebrate in the streets. We might go and see the lion and dragon dances

23、in the city center. I love this festival.“Wendy, 16, Sydney, AustraliaAustralia Day is on 26th January and its an important holiday here. We always have a Monday off, so we celebrate for three days. My parents and I go to the countryside for a picnic and friends always come over. Many people go to b

24、each parties or street parties and there, s lots of music and dancing. What fun!”Amy, 14, New York, USAThe first Thanksgiving Day was hundreds of years ago when Europeans who came to America thanked God for his help. Its still a very important day for families to be together. This year were going to

25、 visit my grandparents and well eat a delicious meal of turkey. Thanksgiving Day is on the fourth Thursday in November every year.”9 How many festivals are mentioned in the passage?来源:ATwo. BThree. CFour. DFive.10 During the Chinese New Year, tourists can_.Ado a lot of shopping Bsee lion and dragon

26、dancesC decorate the house for good luck Deat turkeys11 0n Australia Day, families often_.Ahave a meal in the countryside Bgo to a swimming pool .C have a party at school Dclean the house and dance12 What do you think a turkey is in this passage?AA country. BA festival. CA bird. DA kind of drink.13

27、From the passage, we can learn that_.AAustralia Day is an important day for family members to get togetherBdifferent festivals have different customsC many people go out for a picnic with friends before Chinese New YearDthe first Thanksgiving Day was born a hundred years ago课时作业能力提升1. Li Chunlin,a f

28、armer,used to live in a poor village in the north of Shaanxi.In the 1980s,he went to Shenzhen to make a living with his wife.Years later,they became rich and returned to their hometown.To their surprise,the land around the village was covered with sand.That made them feel sad.After thinking carefull

29、y,Li and his wife made up their minds to fight against the sands.They bought thousands of young trees and planted them around the village.However,only a few survived(存活),because the trees were not regularly watered.But how to get water was a big problem.They dug a well(井)but it became dry soon.Then

30、they asked a drilling team to dig a deep well.Clear water appeared,but their money was used up.They couldnt afford to buy young trees.They went to several banks for help but got nothing.Finally,they turned to a friend who was also from the village.The friend had a big business.Learning what they wer

31、e doing,their friend was moved and decided to do something for their village too.So he offered the money they needed.With the money,they bought trees and had them planted.They looked after the trees as if they were their own children.After some time,green leaves came out.When the villagers saw the c

32、hanges,some started to join Li and his wife in the fight.Then more joined.Years went by.And now larger areas around the village are covered with green trees.14 When Li and his wife returned from Shenzhen,they were sad because .Athe land around the village was covered with sandBthey didnt have enough

33、 money to buy treesC their village was not as beautiful as ShenzhenDthey didnt have enough water to drink15 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?ALi and his wife dug a well with enough water themselves.BLi and his wife got much money from the banks.C The villagers didnt join Li an

34、d his wife in the fight.DTheir friend gave Li and his wife some money to buy trees.16 This passage is mainly about how Li and his wife .Atried different ways to find waterBmade money in ShenzhenC fought against the sandsDbought and planted trees2. I have had thousands of classes since I started scho

35、ol nine years ago. But only one class was the most important.It happened last term after I had got a bad result in an exam. I was sad and had lost my confidence. I decided to go to a class which can tell me how to be successful.The speaker walked into the room. But he did not start talking like a te

36、acher. Instead, he held up a 20 yuan note!“Who wants this?” he asked. Unsurprisingly, everyone in the class held up their hands.The speaker smiled. Then he stuck the note on the blackboard and asked the same question. Again, we all put up our hands. The teacher smiled again but did not say anything.

37、 Suddenly, he threw the note onto the floor! Then he asked the same question a third time.I didnt understand what the speaker was doing. Why was he asking the same question again and again? I wanted the note, so I put my hand up again. Suddenly, the speaker started to laugh. Then he picked up the no

38、te. “You have all just told me how to become successful,“ he said.“The note is worth 20 yuan. It is always worth 20 yuan, even if I throw it on the floor. You are like the note. No matter what happens to you, you still have your worth. If you realize that and believe in yourself, you will do success

39、ful!”When I heard those words, I was deeply moved. Suddenly, I realized I was worth a lot. I may have done badly in an exam but it doesnt mean I cant do well in the future.根据材料内容选择最佳答案17 The student came to the class which could tell him how to be successful because_.Ahe failed in the football match

40、Bmany classmates often laughed at himC he didnt do anything wellDhe got a not good grade18 In the writers eyes, the speakers lesson_.Awas important and helpfulBseemed boring and dullC made him sleepyDgave them little danger19 According to the passage, we know the speaker could_.Ashow money to the st

41、udentsBact wonderful performanceC make the students understand the difficult problems in an easy wayDteach the students to know all kinds of money20 Which of the following words the teacher said is important to the writer?AYou are like the noteBIt is always worth 20 yuanC Who wants this?DBelieve in

42、yourself, and you will be successful!21 The writer would _ after having the speakers lesson.Arelax himself Bwork in a bankC try to study harder Dread picture books in class3. Michael McConnell来源:ZXXKMy favorite joke was the one played on an old workmate called James. He was always late into the offi

43、ce. He was told to be early the next morning(on April 1st, of course)because his team was going to hold an important meeting. Of course, when he got into the meeting room, his team head said he was April Fool. But at least it got him into work on time for a change!Richard HawleyMy students prepared

44、a fake(加装 )fight in the class. They started to argue in front of me. That was terrible. When I got angry, they revealed their joke plan. Rachel smithWhen I was younger, the day before my 8th birthday party, April Fools Day, my parents told me that the party would be put off because nobody could come

45、. I began to cry until my parents told me that they were joking as it was April Fools Day!Alex robinsMy dad was on a flight to Beijing with me and the pilot announced that they would land in a completely strange country. That made my dad fairly worried while that really amused me.22 James used to _.

46、Ago to work earlyBwork as a meeting hostC be late for workDlike playing jokes on his workmates23 What is Richard?AA student BA reporter Ca pilot DA teacher24 Whose birthday is around April Fools Day?AMichaels BRichards CRachels DAlexs25 Alex went to Beijing with his father _.Aby train Bby plane Cby

47、ship Dby bus26 Alexs father was fooled by _.Athe pilot Bhis friends Cthe son Dhis workmates4. “ I dont like my parents . They always tell me I should do this , and should not do that . It sometimes makes me angry ,” said Zhang Hua , a middle school student in Zhengzhou . Do you have the same problem

48、 ? Perhaps your parents had the same problem when they were your age long ago . Why does it seem that some parents are not so friendly in their childrens eyes ?One of the biggest things is when someone becomes a parent , he / she likes worrying about things . They worry about everything about you , from the time you were born . They do a lot for you , though something would make you angry , because they care about you and worry about you . They worry