【北京卷】2016年普通高校招生全国统一考试英语试卷（含答案解析）

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1、绝密启用前2016 年普通高等学校全国统一考试（北京卷）英语本试卷共 16 页，共 150 分。考试时间为 120 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。试题总评：从整体上看难度略有提升，过渡较平稳。试题重点突出，命题思路清晰，重视对思维能力和全面文化素质的考察，强调交际运用。整套试卷很好地体现了语言教学的特色：既融语言及情感、又兼顾知识与能力。一、语法部分难度适中，注重基础知识的考察。考点分布：时态语态（4 道），非谓语动词（3 道），从句（5 道），虚拟语气、情态动词、并列连词（各 1 道）。二、阅读部分体裁丰富，话题较贴近生活。从完形、

2、阅读到七选五，关注社会、自然以及自我价值的实现。篇幅难度与 2015 年北京高考基本持平，阅读题目重视细节题目的考察。阅读 D 篇是一篇议论文，篇幅较长。文章论述了大学在培养学生自主性和认同感方面的重要性，文章有一定的难度，尤其是第 70 题文章结构题。通过第四段的“equally important”及第五段段首的“moreover”等逻辑词可推知文章结构。三、应用文题材新颖，综合考察了考生的日常积累能力。谈及人物的贡献和对自己的影响时，考生有可能会遇到大量的词汇障碍，故难度较去年明显提升。四、情景作文话题较为常规，整体难度适中。 “地球日”系列活动属于保护环境的体裁内容，对于考生并不陌生。

3、第二部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）第一节单项填空（共 15 小题；每小题 1 分，共 15 分）从每题所给的 ABCD 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。例：Its so nice to hear from her again _,we last met more than thirty years ago.A. Whats more B.Thats to say C.In other words D.Believe it or not答案是 D。21.Jackin the lab when the power cut occurred.A.works B.

4、has worked C.was working D.would work【答案】C【解析】试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：突然断电时，杰克正在实验室里工作。根据 occurred 可知，这里指过去发生的事情，断电时，杰克正在工作，综合用过去进行时，故选 C。考点：考查时态22.I live next door to a couple children often make a lot of noise.A.whose B.why C.where D.which【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查定语从句的关系词。a couple 是先行词，这对夫妻的孩子很吵，children 和couple

5、是所属关系，故用 whose 作定语，相当于 the children of whom，故选 A。考点：考查定语从句23.Excuse me,which movie are you waiting for?The new Star Wars.Wehere for more than two hours.A.waited B.wait C.would be waiting D.have been waiting【答案】D考点：考查时态24.Your support is important to our work.you can do helps.A.However B.Whoever C.Wh

6、atever D.Wherever【答案】C【解析】试题分析：题目考查主语从句。Helps 是谓语， “you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do 后缺少宾语，因此用 whatever 引导，故选 C。考点：考查主语从句25.Ihalf of the English novel,and Ill try to finish it at the weekend.A.read B.have read C.am reading D.will read【答案】B【解析】试题分析：题目考查时态。句意：我已经看完了这本英文小说的一半，周末把另一半看完。发生在过去的动作，对现在产生影响，

7、用现在完成时。 “看小说”这一动作发生在过去，到目前为止看了一半，故用完成时，故选 B。考点：考查时态26.it easier to get in touch with us, youd better keep this card at hand.A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make【答案】D【解析】试题分析：题目考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。根据句意可知，这里是目的状语，表目的用动词不定式，故选 D。考点：考查不定式作目的状语27.My grandfather still plays tennis now an

8、d then,hes in his nineties.A.as long as B.as if C. even though D.in case【答案】C考点：考查状语从句28._ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.A. Ordering B. To orderC. Having ordered D. Ordered【答案】D【解析】试题分析：题目考查过去分词作状语。句意：(因为) 那些书是一周多之前订的，现在随时有可能送到。Books 和 order 是动宾关系，即 order books/books

9、 are ordered，故用过去分词表示被动和完成，在此相当于原因状语从句 because they were ordered.，故选 D。考点：考查过去分词作状语29.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. what B. thatC. whether D. why【答案】B【解析】试题分析：题目考查表语从句。句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。Is 后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语、谓语和宾语，因此用 that，只起引导

10、作用，故选 B。考点：考查表语从句30.The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts_ success in the end.A. rewarded B. were rewardedC. will reward D. will be rewarded【答案】D考点：考查时态和语态31.I love the weekend,because I_ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.A. neednt B. mustntC. wouldnt D. shouldnt

11、【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查情态动词。句意：我喜欢周末，因为周六和周日我不需要早起。A. neednt 不需要；B. mustnt 禁止；C. wouldnt 不愿；D. shouldnt 不应该。根据句意可知，周六、周日不用早起，故选 A。考点：考查情态动词32.Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _ the old town into a dreamland.A. turn B. turningC. to turn D. turned【答案】B【解析】试题分析：题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇

12、变成了一个梦幻之地。turn 的逻辑主语是 cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。考点：考查现在分词33.I really enjoy listening to music _ it helps me relax and takes my mind away from other cares of the day.A. because B.beforeC. unless D. until【答案】A【解析】试题分析：题目考查原因状语从句。句意：我非常喜欢听音乐，因为它能让我放松，使我不去想其它的事情。前后是因果关系，故选 A。考点：考查34.Why didnt

13、you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ me, I could have helped.A. told B. had toldC. were to tell D. would tell【答案】B考点：考查虚拟语气35.I am not afraid of tomorrow, _ I have seen yesterday and I love today.A. so B. andC. for D. but【答案】C考点：考查并列连词第二节完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给

14、的 A、B、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上讲该项涂黑。A Race Against DeathIt was a cold January in 1925 in North Alaska. The town was cut off from the rest of the world due to heavy snow.On the 20th of that month, Dr.Welch 36 a Sick boy, Billy, and knew he had diphtheria, a deadly infectious(传染的)disease mainly affect

15、ing children. The children of Nome would be 37 if it struck the town. Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick. 38 , the closest supply was over 1,000 miles away, in Anchorage.How could the medicine get to Nome? The towns 39 was already full of ice, so it cou

16、ldnt come by ship. Cars and horses couldnt travel on the 40 roads. Jet airplanes and big trucks didnt exist yet.41 January 26, Billy and three other children had died. Twemty more were 42 . Nomes town officials came up with a(n) 43 . They would have the medicine sent by 44 from Anchorage to Nenana.

17、From there, dogeled(狗拉雪橇)drivers known as “mushers”would 45 it to Nome in a relay(接力 ).The race began on January 27. The first musher, Shannon, picked up the medicine from the train at Nenana and rode all night. 46 he handed the medicine to the next musher, Shannons face was black from the extreme c

18、old.On January 31,a musher named Seppala had to 47 a frozen body of water called Norton Sound .It was the most 48 part of the journey. Norton Sound was covered with ice,which could sometimes break up without warning.If that happened,Seppala might fall into the icy water below.He would 49 ,and so wou

19、ld the sick children of Nome.But Seppala made it across.A huge snowstorm hit on February 1.Amusher named Kaasen had to brave this storm.At one point,huge piles of sonw blocked his 50 .He had to leave the trail (雪橇痕迹)to get around them.Conditions were so bad that it was impossible for him to 51 the t

20、rail again. The only hope was Balto,Kaasens lead dog, Balto put his nose to the ground, 52 to find the smell of other dogs that had traveled on the trail.If Balto failed,it would mean disaster for Nome.The minutes passed by.Suddenly, Balto began to 53 .He had foung the trail.At 5:30 am on February 2

21、, Kaasen and his dog 54 in Nome. Within minutes,Dr.Welch had the medicine.He quickly gave it to the sick children.All of them recoverd.Nome had been 55 .36.A.examined B.warned C.interviewed D.cured37.A.harmless B.helpless C. fearless D.careless38.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Otherwise D.However39.A.airp

22、ort B.station C. harbor D.border40.A.narrow B. snowy C.busy D.dirty41.A.From B.On C.By D.After42.A.tired B.upset C. pale D.sick43.A.plan B.excuse C.message D.topic44.A.air B.rail C. sea D.road45.A.carry B.return C. mail D.give46.A.Though B.Since C. When D.If47.A.enter B.move C. visit D.cross48.A.sha

23、meful B.boring C.dangerous D.foolish49.A.escape B.bleed C. swim D.die50.A.memory B.exit C.way D.destination51.A.find B.fix C. pass D.change52.A.pretending B.trying C. asking D.learning53.A.run B.leave C. bite D.play54.A.gathered B.stayed C. camped D.arrived55.A.controlled B.saved C.founded D.develop

24、ed【答案】36.A37.B38.D39.C40.B41.C42.D43.A44.B45.A46.C47.D48.C49.D50.C51.A52.B53.A54.D55.B【解析】试题分析：文章讲述了一个人们接力运送药物来救患病儿童的感人故事。1925 年 1 月份的阿拉斯加北部极其寒冷，由于大雪，诺姆小镇与外界隔绝了。雪上加霜的是，那里的孩子患上了一种致命的传染病-白喉。为了拯救孩子们，人们接力运送药品到诺姆。最终，人们通过狗拉的雪橇把药物送到了诺姆。39.C 考查名词辨析。A.airport 机场； B.station 车站；C. harbor 港口；D.border 边境。根据“so i

25、t couldnt come by ship”可知，这里指港口结冰，故选 C。40.B 考查形容词辨析。A.narrow 狭窄的；B. snowy 被雪覆盖的； C.busy 繁忙的；D.dirty 脏的。根据第一段可知，大雪覆盖了道路，汽车和马都不能通行，故选 B。41.C 考查介词辨析。A.From 从，自；B.On 在上面；C.By 通过，在之前；D.After 在之后。By+时间，与完成时连用，后跟过去的时间，用过去完成时；跟将来的时间，用将来完成时，故选C。42.D 考查形容词辨析。A.tired 劳累的；B.upset 难过的；C. pale 苍白的；D.sick 生病的。四个孩子

26、相继去世，还有 20 几个患病，故选 D。43.A 考查名词辨析。A.plan 计划；B.excuse 借口；C.message 信息；D.topic 话题。当地的官员想到了一个计划，故选 A。44.B 考查名词辨析。A.air 空气；B.rail 栏杆，铁轨；C. sea 海洋；D.road 道路。根据下一段“from the train at Nenana”可知，药物被用火车运到 Nenana，故选 B。45.A 考查动词辨析。A.carry 运送，携带；B.return 返回，归还； C. mail 邮寄；D.give 给。然后再由乘坐狗拉的雪橇的人把药物接力送到诺姆，故选 A。46.C

27、 考查时间状语从句。A.Though 虽然；B.Since 因为，自从；C. When 当；D.If 如果。当他把药物交给下一个人时，他的脸已经被冻得乌青，故选 C。47.D 考查动词辨析。A.enter 进入；B.move 移动；C. visit 拜访；D.cross 穿过。根据“Norton Sound was covered with ice”可知，Norton Sound 是一片冰冻的水域， Seppala 必须穿过这片水域，故选 D。48.C 考查形容词辨析。A.shameful 惭愧的；B.boring 令人厌烦的；C.dangerous 危险的；D.foolish 愚蠢的。根据“

28、which could sometimes break up without warning”可知，这是旅途最难的一部分，故选C。52.B 考查动词辨析。A.pretending 假装；B.trying 努力；C. asking 问，要求；D.learning 学会。Seppala 的雪橇狗努力嗅着其它狗的味道，故选 B。53.A 考查动词辨析。A.run 跑；B.leave 离开；C. bite 咬；D.play 玩耍。Seppala 的雪橇狗找到了轨道，开始奔跑起来，故选 A。54.D 考查动词辨析。A.gathered 聚集；B.stayed 保持；C. camped 露营，借住；D.a

29、rrived 到达。arrive in sp 到达某地，这里指终于到达诺姆，故选 D。55.B 考查动词辨析。A.controlled 控制；B.saved 拯救； C.founded 建立；D.developed 发展。所有的孩子得到了救治，诺姆活了下来，故选 B。考点：人物故事类短文阅读第三部分：阅读理解（共两节，20 分）第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）阅读下列短文：从每题所给的 A、B、C 、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，将正确的选项涂在答题卡上。ADear Alfred, I want to tell you how important your help is

30、 to my life.Growing up, I had people telling me I was too slow, though, with an IQ of 150 at 17, Im anything but stupid. The fact was that I was found to have ADIID(注意力缺陷多动障碍 ). Anxious all the time, I was unable to keep focused for more than an hour at a time.However, when something did interest me

31、, I could become absorbed. In high school, I became curious about the computer, and built my first website. Moreover, I completed the senior course of Computer Basics, plus five relevant pre-college courses.While I was exploring my curiosity, my disease got worse. I wanted to go to college after hig

32、h school, but couldnt . So, I was killing my time at home until June 2012 when I discovered the online computer courses of your training center.Since then, I have taken courses like Data Science and Advanced Mathematics. Currently, Im learning your Probability course. I have hundreds of printer pape

33、r, covered in self-written notes from your video. This has given me a purpose.Last year, I spent all my time looking for a job where, without dealing with the public , I could work alone, but still have a team to talk to. Luckily, I discovered the jobData Analystthis month and have been going full s

34、team ahead. I want to prove that I can teach myself a respectful profession, without going to college, and be just as good as, if not better than, my competitors.Thank you. Youve given me hope that I can follow my heart. For the first time, I feel good about myself because Im doing something, not be

35、cause someone told me I was doing good. I feel whole.This is why youre saving my life.Yours,Tanis56.why didt Tanis go to college after high school?A.She had learned enough about computer scienceB. She had more difficulty keeping foucesedC.She preferred taking online coursesD.She was too slow to lear

36、n57.AS for the working environment,Tains prefers_.A .working by herselfB.dealing with the publicC.competing against othersD.staying with ADHD students58.Tanis wrote this letter in order to_.A.explain why she was interested in the computerB.share the ideas she had for her profession C .show how grate

37、ful she was to the centerD.describe the courses she had taken so far【答案】56.B57.A58.C考点：人物故事类短文阅读BSurviving Hurricane Sandy(飓风桑迪)Natalie Doan,14, has always felt lucky to live in Rockaway, New York. Living just a few blocks from the beach, Natalie can see the ocean and hear the wave from her house. “

38、Its the ocean that makes Rockaway so special,” she says.On October 29, 2012, that ocean turned fierce. That night, Hurricane Sandy attacked the East Coast, and Rockaway was hit especially hard. Fortunately, Natalies family escaped to Brooklyn shortly before the citys bridge closed.When they returned

39、 to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins. Many of Natalies friends had lost their homes and were living far away. All around her, people were suffering, especially the elderly. Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.In the foll

40、owing few days, the men and women helping Rockaway recover inspired Natalie. Volunteers came with carloads of donated clothing and toys. Neighbors devoted their spare time to helping others rebuild. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in

41、powerless high-rise buildings.“My mom tells me that I cant control what happens to me,” Natalie says. “but I can always choose how I deal with it.”Natalies choice was to help.She created a website page matching survivors in need with donors who wanted to help. Natalie posted introduction about a boy

42、 named Patrick, who lost his baseball card collecting when his house burned down. Within days, Patricks collection was replaced.In the coming months, her website page helped lots of kids: Christopher, who received a new basketball; Charlie, who got a new keyboard. Natalie also worked with other orga

43、nizations to bring much-need supplies to Rockaway. Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and honored as a Hurricane Sandy Champion of Change.Today, the scars(创痕)of destruction are still seen in Rockaway, but hope is in the air. The streets are clear, an

44、d many homes have been rebuilt. “I cant imagine living anywhere but Rockaway,” Natalie declares. “My neighborhood will be back, even stronger than before.”59.When Natalie returned to Rockaway after the hurricane ,she found_.A.some friends had lost their livesB.her neighborhood was destroyedC.her sch

45、ool had moved to BrooklynD.the elderly were free from suffering60.According to paragraph4,who inspired Natalie most?A.The people helping Rockaway rebuildB.The people trapped in high_rise buildingC.The volunteers donating money to survivorsD.Local teenagers bringing clothing to elderly people61.How d

46、id Natalie help the survivors?A.She gave her toys to the kidsB.She took care of younger childrenC.She called on the White House to helpD.She built an information sharing platform62.What does the story intend to tell us?A.Little people can make a big differenceB.A friend in need is a friend indeedC.E

47、ast or West,home is bestD.Technology is power【答案】59.B60.A61.D62.A【解析】试题分析：Natalie 是一个 14 岁的孩子，她生活的地方 Brooklyn 遭到了飓风桑迪的袭击，受灾严重。看到人们在帮助家乡重建，Natalie 也加入了进去，Natalie 创建网站来分享求助信息，帮助捐赠者找到需要的受助者。Natalie 的行为得到了社会的认可和表扬。59.B 段落大意题。A 项未提及；根据第三段“Natalies school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend

48、a school in Brooklyn”可知，学校没有搬走，而是暂时去 Brooklyn 上学，排除 C；根据“people were suffering, especially the elderly”排除 D；根据“When they returned to Rockaway the next day, they found their neighborhood in ruins.”可知，他们的街区被飓风毁了，故选 B。62.A 写作意图题。根据倒数第二段 “Her efforts made her a famous person. Last April, she was invited to the White House and ho