【新课标Ⅱ卷】2016年普通高校招生全国统一考试英语试卷（含答案解析）

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1、2016 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（新课标卷）英语总评：2016 年全国卷 II 稳中有变，难度适中，全面科学的考查了学生对基础知识的掌握和语言运用的能力。阅读理解从文体上来看，与前几年的出题思路一致：一篇广告，一篇说明文，两篇记叙文；考查内容全面，其中以细节理解的考查为主，但是推理判断题比重有所增加，主旨大意题、词义猜测题也均有涉及。七选五重在考查上下文衔接识别。如何识别正确的生活知识，给出一些建议，这样的话题考生得心应手，因此七选五的常规选项筛选和辨析技巧都能派上用场，良好的时间分配定能攻克此题。完形填空全文逻辑清晰，上下文线索明了，做题过程比较符合考生所谓“顺”的预期。偏向词汇辨析

2、考查的明显减少。我们不难发现，在整体故事情节比较通畅的情况下，语意辨析的难度会降低，而纯粹的词汇辨析又居于少数，因此今年该题重在考查的就是对于语篇的细致理解，并没有在故事情感线索处及近义词辨析方面过多挖坑增加区分度。全文线索清晰，词汇考查重在语篇理解，词组搭配考查多用基础词汇。本篇完形填空重在考查语篇理解能力，且不在情节上、词汇考查上大做文章的趋势还是愈发明显的。语法填空与短文改错   与去年的试题难度基本一致。突出了高考对于重点考点的重点考查，应该说大部分同学都能在这两个部分取得一个不错的分数，动词的时态语态、非谓语动词、名词的单数复数以及不同词性之间的词形转换仍然是我们考查的重点

3、。最后，从书面表达部分来看，仍然是忙碌的李华，是一篇书信作文中的邀请类作文，应该说也是未来出题的一种趋势，那就是回归到高考题的经典考法上来。  第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分 40 分）第 1 节 (共 15 题：每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C 和 D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。AWhats On?Electric Underground7.30pm1.00am    Free at the Cyclops TheatreDo you know whos playing in your area?

4、Were bringing you an evening of live rock and pop music from the best local bands. Are you interested in becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?  If so, come early to the talk at 7.30pm by Jules Skye, a successful record producer. Hes going to talk about how you can find the r

5、ight person to produce you music.Gee Whizz8.30pm-10.30pm   Comedy at KaleidoscopeCome and see Gee Whizz perform. Hes the funniest stand-up comedian on the comedy scene. This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest. Gee Whizz really knows how to make you laugh! Our bar

6、is open from 7.00pm for drinks and snacks(快餐).Simons Workshop5.00pm-7.30pm    Wednesdays at Victoria StageThis is a good chance for anyone who wants to learn how to do comedy. The workshop looks at every kind of comedy, and practices many different ways of making people laugh. Simon is a c

7、omedian and actor who has 10 years experience of teaching comedy. His workshops are exciting and fun. An evening with Simon will give you the confidence to be funny.Charlotte Stone8.00pm-11.00pm     Pizza WorldFine food with beautiful jazz music; this is a great evening out. Charlotte Ston

8、e will perform songs from her new best-selling CD, with James Pickering on the piano. The menu is Italian, with excellent meat and fresh fish, pizzas and pasta(面食).  Book early to get a table. Our bar is open all day, and serves cocktails, coffee, beer, and white wine.1. Who can help you if you

9、 want to have your music produced?A. Jules Skye.                  B. Gee Whizz.C. Charlotte Stone.      D. James Pickering.2. At which place can people of different ages enjoy a good laugh?A. The Cyclops Theatre    B. Kaleidoscope

10、C. Victoria Stage   D. Pizza World3. What do we know about Simons Workshop?A. It requires membership status.  B. It lasts three hours each time. C. It is run by a comedy club.  D. It is held every Wednesday.4. When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs?A. 5.00pm-7.30pm.   B. 7.3

11、0pm1.00am.   C. 8.00pm-11.00pm.    D. 8.30pm-10.30pm.【答案】1.A   2. B   3. D   4. C   【解析】2.B 细节理解题。根据第二则广告第三句 This joyful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest 可知这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都很开心。表演的场所在 Kaleidoscope。故 B 正确。3.D 细节理解题。根据第三则广告第二行中“5.00 pm- 7.30pm

12、  Wednesdays at Victoria Stage”可知Simon's Workshop 的表演是在每周三下午 5 点至 7 点 30 之间进行。故 D 项正确。4.C 细节理解题。根据第四则广告第二行“8.00pm-11.00pm Pizza World”可知 Charlotte Stone 将在晚上 8.00 至 11 点之间表演她最受欢迎的歌曲。故 C 项正确。【名师点睛】本文属于广告类短文，所考查四题均为细节题中的直接理解题。细节事实理解题主要考查考生对文章中某一些特定细节或文章的重要实事的理解能力。它一般包括直接理解题和语义理解题两种。直接理解题的答案与原

13、文直接挂钩，从阅读材料中可以找到。这种题难度低，只要学生读懂文章，就能得分，属于低层次题。在阅读中可以使用定位法与跳读法解决直接理解题。定位法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句子(即定位) ，然后进行比较和分析 (尤其要注意一些同义转换)，从而找出正确答案。跳读法即根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文，并找到相关的句子(有时可能是几个句子) 或段落，然后进行分析和推理等，从而找出正确答案。以本文为例，我们根据题干中“people of different ages enjoy a good laugh”所有年龄段的人都能够从中获得笑声，直接定位第二则广告第三句 This joy

14、ful show will please everyone, from the youngest to the oldest 可知这场表演能够让所有年龄段的人都很开心，故选择 B 项。考点：考查广告类阅读BFive years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of

15、 each student, and said:”Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today - and 45minutes each day for the rest of the week.”A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to on

16、e of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of suc

17、h a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染 ) other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style

18、of thinking. Without fail one would declare, ”But Im just not creative.”“Do you dream at night when youre asleep?”“Oh, sure.”“So tell me one of your most interesting dreams.” The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. “Thats pr

19、etty creative. Who does that for you?”“Nobody. I do it.”“Really-at night, when youre asleep?”“Sure.”“Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?”5. The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to _?A. know more about the students    B. make the lessons more exciting      C

20、. raise the students interest in art     D. teach the students about toy design6. What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. He liked to help his teacher.     B. He preferred to study alone.  C. He was active in class.  D. He was imaginative.7. What does

21、the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.  B. Drawback.  C. Difficulty.  D. Burden.8. Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A. To help them to see their creativity.  B. To find out about their sleeping habits.    C

22、. To help them to improve their memory.   D. To find out about their ways of thinking.【答案】5. A  6. D   7. B   8. A   6.D 推理判断题。文章第三段第一句中提到的这个男孩在空闲时间拼装这些玩具，而且他的作品堆满了艺术教室的架子，家里的卧室里也有很多。第三段倒数第三句“Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work”说明他是一个很有想象力和创造性的人。故 D 项正确。7.B 词义猜测题

23、。根据划线单词后一句“I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking.”可知我冒着失去那些有不同思维方式的学生的危险。说明我的这种教育方法也有不足之处。故划线词意为“drawback 缺点” 。故 B 正确。8.A 推理判断题。根据文章最后七段中的对话内容可知作者鼓励孩子们说出最有趣的、有创造性和想象力的梦，并鼓励他们在白天的课堂里把梦的内容做出来。作者这样做的目的就是为了让他们发现自己的创造性和想象力。故 A 正确。【名师点睛】本文属于词义猜测题。我们可以根据后句“I ran the

24、risk  thinking.”中的“risk”说明我的教育方法也有不足之处，故划线词意为“drawback 缺点，不足” 。本题属于典型的理由上下文语境推测。近几年高考阅读中猜测词义考查方法多样化，其中根据上下文语境推测将会越来越多。根据上下文语境作出判断：有时短文中出现一个需猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义域解释或例子，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。请看下例： Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Centre offers a wide variety ofchoicesdeluxe sedans, minivans, station

25、 wagons, coaches, Santana sedans are the big favorite.从前面的 Car Rental Center 可知出租车公司提供的只能是 cars for rent(出租汽车)，也就是说划线的词都是出租汽车的名称。除此之外，我们还可以根据转折或对比关系进行判断：根据上下句的连接词，如but，however，otherwise 等就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。另外，分号(； )也可以表示转折、对比或不相干的意义。还可以根据因果关系进行判断：俗话说， “有因必有果，有果必有因” 。根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果

26、也可以找出原因。例如Biggest power failure in the city's history All  of our icecream and frozen foods melted根据因果关系，停电只能导致冰淇淋和冷冻食品“融化” ，也就是 melted。考点：考查记叙文阅读CReading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, t

27、he website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have

28、 an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train s

29、tations and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossing to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruc

30、e peterson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟). The site now has more than one million members  in more than one hundred thirty-f

31、ive countries.9. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are. B.To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading.   D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.10. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2refer to?A. The bo

32、ok.  B.An adventure.  C.A public place.   D. The identification number.11. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A. Meet other readers to discuss it.  B.Keep it safe in his bookcase.  C. Pass it on to another reader.   D. Mail it back to its owner.12.

33、What is the best title for the text?A. Online Reading: A Virtual Tour  B. Electronic Books: A new Trend  C. A Book Group Brings Tradition Back   D. A Website Links People through Books【答案】9. B   10. A11. C   12. D   10.A 代词指代题。根据本句“hoping that the book will have an adve

34、nture, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”那些留下书的人希望自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的 it 指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book” 。故 A 正确。11.C 推理判断题。根据文章第四段最后一句“the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home”让书蒙上尘土是一种很自私的行为，网站 BookC 的目的正是鼓励人们与别人分享图书，所以拿到书的人最可能继

35、续把书传递下去。故 C 项正确。12.D 标题概括题。根据文章第三段可知 BookC 把人生命中最重要的两个事物：人和书联系在一起。D 项内容能够涵盖文章的中心思想。【名师点睛】本文考查了代词指代题。根据本句“hoping  that the book will have an adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it”留下书的人希望 自己的书能够随着找到它的人走得更远。可知其中的 it 指代前半句提到的同一事物“the book” 。首先，it 指上句中的 the question，而 t

36、he question 又指上一段中 “月球人”所提的问题，所以要经过两次查找才能选出答案。考点：考查说明文阅读DA new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.Frank Hurleys pictures would be outstanding-undoubtedly first-rate photo-journalism-if they had been made last week. In fact, they were shot from 1914 through 1916

37、, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海滩), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival. Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegian-built three-master that was intended t

38、o take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all, to the southernmost shore of Antarcticas Weddell Sea. From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled(雪橇) across the continent. The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Fa

39、lcon Scott had done. Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and well-researched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort. Scotts last

40、journey, completed as be lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the worlds imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds. Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make m

41、oney from movie and still photography. Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic, was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.13. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?A. They were made last weekB. They showed unde

42、rsea sceneriesC. They were found by a cameramanD. They recorded a disastrous adventure14. Who reached the South Pole first according to the text?A. Frank Hurley          B. Ernest ShackletonC. Robert Falcon Scott     D. Caroline Alexander15. What does Alexander thi

43、nk was the purpose of the 1914 voyage?A. Artistic creation       B. Scientific researchC. Money making        D. Treasure hunting【答案】13. D   14. C   15. C 35.C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二句“Shackleton, a onetime British merchant-navy officer who had got to within 100 m

44、iles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.”可知 Alexander 认为他的这次航行就是为了挣钱。故 C 项正确。【名师点睛】本文三题均考查了细节题。在完成细节题时，要特别注意排除干扰项。如中的 A 项“They were made last week”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句“Frank  Hurleys picturesundoubtedly first-rate

45、 photo-journalism-if they had been made last week.”可知“如果这些照片是上周所拍，那么就会是一流的。 ”实际上这些照片是 1914 年左右拍摄的。说明 A 项明显错误。干扰项的设置方法除了“颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式： 1. 张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。 2. 偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。 3. 无中生有。干扰项往往是生活的

46、基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。 4. 以偏概全。考生在做猜测文章中心思想、给文章添加标题或判断推理题时，往往会犯以偏概全的错误。产生这类错误的原因是考生受思维定势的影响或考虑不周，以局部代替整体。其具体表现为合理关联与不合理关联、准确概括与不准确概括之间的错位。不合理关联就是表层理解与深层理解相混淆。表层理解是对文章中客观事实的感知和记忆，往往是文章直接表述的结论；深层理解则是对文章中的客观事实进行逻辑推理、总结或概括后得出的结论。不准确概括是指不能准确地按题目要求概括或提取文中的表层或深层信息。考点：考查记叙文阅读第二节（共

47、 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。A garden thats just right for youHave you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you, where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts?  16  . But it doesnt happen by accident. I

48、t starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process._17   Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. Others are concerned about using gardening me

49、thods that require less water and fewer fertilizers(肥料).  18  . However, there are a number of other reasons that might explain why you want to garden. One of them comes from our earliest years.Recall(回忆)your  childhood memoriesOur model of what a garden should be often goes back to c

50、hildhood. Grandmas rose garden and Dads vegetable garden might be good or bad, but thats not whats important.  19  -how being in those gardens made us feel. If youd like to build a powerful bond with your garden, start by taking some time to recall the gardens of your youth.  20  

51、;then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. Have fun.A. Know why you gardenB. Find a good place for your own gardenC. Its our experience of the garden that mattersD. Its delightful to see so many beautiful flowersE. Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plantsF. You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden, tooG. For each of those garde