2019-2020学年人教新标准版必修1学案：Unit 4 Period One

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1、Can earthquakes be predicted？Scientists are working on programs to predict where and when an earthquake will occur.They hope to develop an early warning system that can be used to forecast earthquakes so that lives can be saved.Earthquakes are the most dangerous and deadly of all natural events.They

2、 occur in many parts of the world.Giant earthquakes have been recorded in Iran，China ，Guatemala，Chile，India，and Alaska.Two of the biggest earthquakes that were ever recorded took place in China and Alaska.These earthquakes measured about 8.5 on the Richter Scale.The Richter Scale was devised by Char

3、les Richter in 1935，and compares the energy level of earthquakes.An earthquake that measures 2 on the scale can be felt but causes little damage.One that measures 4.5 on the scale can cause slight damage，and an earthquake that has a reading of over 7 can cause major damage.It is important to note th

4、at a reading of 4 indicates an earthquake ten times as strong as one with a reading of 3. Scientists want to be able to predict those earthquakes that have a reading of over 4 on the Richter Scale.How do earthquakes occur？Earthquakes are caused by the shifting of rocks along cracks，or faults，in the

5、earths crust.The fault is produced when rocks near each other are pulled in different directions.The bestknown fault in North America is the San Andreas fault in the state of California in the United States.The nations that are actively involved in earthquake prediction programs include Japan， China

6、，Russia，and the United States.These countries have set up seismic(地震的) networks in areas of their countries where earthquakes are known to occur.These networks are on the alert for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede(在之前发生) an earthquake.Many kinds of seismic instru

7、ments are used by the networks to monitor the movements of the earths crust.The scientists also check water in deep wells.They watch for changes in the water level and temperature that are associated with movement along faults.根据短文内容判断正(T)、误 (F)1Two of the biggest earthquakes that were ever recorded

8、 took place in China and Chile.(F)2An earthquake that has a reading of over 7 can cause major damage.(T)3The fault is produced when rocks near each other are pulled in the same direction.(F)Period One Warming Up & ReadingPrereading匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思第一组1crack A发臭的；有臭味的2smelly B运河；水道 3pipe C裂缝；噼啪声；使开裂；破裂

9、4event D管；导管5canal E事件；大事答案 1.C 2.A 3.D 4.E 5.B第二组6steam A砖；砖块7ruin B废墟；毁灭；使破产8brick C轨道；足迹；痕迹9dam D蒸汽；水汽10track E水坝；堰堤答案 6.D 7.B 8.A 9.E 10.C第三组11rescue A灾难；灾祸12trap B援救；营救13disaster C掩蔽；掩蔽处；避身处14bury D埋葬；掩埋；隐藏15shelter E使陷入困境；陷阱；困境答案 11.B 12.E 13.A 14.D 15.CStep 1 Fastreading1Whats the main idea o

10、f the passage?AA terrible earthquake of Tangshan.BBefore the earthquake of Tangshan.CDuring the earthquake of Tangshan.DDamages of the earthquake of Tangshan.答案 A2Find out the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1 A The earthquake caused unbelievable destruction to Tangshan.Para.2 BThe earthquake happe

11、ned and caused deaths or injuries in Tangshan.Para.3 CHelp came soon after the quakes.Para.4 D No one paid attention though strange things happened.答案 Para.1 D Para.2 B Para.3 A Para.4 CStep 2 Carefulreading.Tell whether the following statements are True(T) or False(F). 1Before July 28,1976，strange

12、things happened in the countryside of northwest Hebei.(F)2When the earthquake happened in Hebei，onethird of the nation could feel it.(T)3The number of people who were killed or seriously injured reached more than 4,000,000.(F)4Another big quake shook Tangshan while rescue workers and doctors were sa

13、ving the people trapped.(T)5Animals like cows，pigs and chickens as well as people suffered a lot in the earthquake.(T).Choose the best answer.1Many strange things happened in the countryside EXCEPT that .Athe well walls had deep cracks in themBsome animals were too nervous to eatCfish jumped out of

14、bowls and pondsDbirds flew higher than usual答案 D2How long did the earthquake last?A15 minutes. B42 minutes.C15 seconds. D42 seconds.答案 C3Which is NOT true according to the passage?APeople in Beijing felt the earthquake.BPeople of Tangshan cared much about the strange events before the earthquake.CIf

15、 the earthquake had happened during the daytime，it wouldnt have caused so many deaths.DMany soldiers helped to rescue the people who were trapped under the ruins.答案 B4Which of the following can also be used as a title of the passage?ATangshan EarthquakeBThe World at an EndCHow to Prevent an Earthqua

16、keDNew Tangshan答案 A5What does the last sentence “Slowly，the city began to breathe again.” mean?APeople who were trapped came to life.BThe trees turned green.CThe animals began to breathe.DThe city returned to normal gradually.答案 DStep 3 PostreadingAfter reading the passage，please fill in the followi

17、ng blanks.Several days before July 28,1976，many strange things happened in Tangshan.They were 1.signs(sign) for an earthquake.But people 2.who/that lived there didnt think much of that.At 3：42 am that day，the earth began 3.to shake(shake)，4.which destroyed almost all the city in fifteen terrible sec

18、onds.Many people,5.including(include) workers and doctors，came 6.to rescue(rescue) those who were trapped under the ruins.Later that afternoon,7.another big earthquake hit the city.More people were killed or injured and 8.more(many) buildings fell down.Very soon the army sent a lot of soldiers to he

19、lp，and teams 9.were organized(organize) to dig out the 10.trapped(trap) and to bury the dead.By and by things improved and the city began to breathe again.Step 4 Sentencelearning1But the one million people of the city，who thought little of these events，were asleep as usual that night.句式分析 此句的主干为 But

20、 the one million people of the city were asleep。who thought little of these events 为非限制性定语从句，修饰 one million people；as usual 为方式状语；that night 为时间状语。自主翻译 但是这座城市的一百万居民几乎没有把这些情况当回事，那天晚上照常睡着了。2Then ，later that afternoon，another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.句式分析 此句为

21、复合句，句子的主干为 another big quake shook Tangshan。which 引导的定语从句修饰 another big quake；Then ，later that afternoon 为时间状语。自主翻译 接着，在那天下午晚些时候，强度几乎和第一次一样的地震又一次在唐山爆发了。3The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.句式分析 此句为复合句，句子的主干为 The army organized teams。两个不定式 to dig out those

22、和 to bury the dead 为并列结构，在句中作目的状语； who were trapped 为定语从句，修饰第一个不定式中的宾语 those。自主翻译 解放军组成小分队，将受困的人们挖出来，将死者掩埋。.阅读理解AWhen an earthquake hit a small town，many houses fell down.After the earthquake，all the newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were in trouble.One Sunday，when I wa

23、s reading a newspaper，a special picture touched me.It gave the clothing sizes of each family member.I thought that this would be a good chance to teach my children to help those who were less lucky than themselves.I said to my sevenyearold twins， Brad and Brett，and threeyearold Meghan， “We have so m

24、uch，and these poor people now have nothing.Well share what we have with them.”I filled a box with foods and clothes.While I was doing this，I encouraged the boys to choose their toys and donate some of their less favourite things.Meghan watched quietly as the boys took out their old toys and games an

25、d put them together.Then she walked away.A few minutes later， she came back with Lucy，her muchloved doll.She put the doll on top of the other toys.“Oh，dear， ” I said.“You dont have to give Lucy.You love her so much.” Meghan said， “Lucy makes me happy，Mommy.Maybe shell make another little girl happy，

26、too.”I looked at Meghan for a long moment.She taught me a lesson.Its easy to give something that we dont want any more， but hard to give what we cherish(珍爱) ，isn t it?语篇解读 作者通过看报纸得知地震后许多家庭陷入了困境，她想借此机会让孩子们学会关爱他人，结果女儿给自己上了一课。1The writer has children.Aone BtwoCthree Dfour答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“I said to

27、 my sevenyearold twins，Brad and Brett，and threeyearold Meghan.”可知，作者有三个孩子，故选 C。2The underlined word “donate” in Paragraph 3 probably means “ ”A捐赠 B丢掉C展出 D放好答案 A解析 词义猜测题。根据孩子们拿出他们的旧玩具及第三段中的“Lucy makes me happy，Mommy.Maybe shell make another little girl happy，too.”可知，选 A。3Lucy is the name of .Aa girl

28、Ba gameCa doll Dan earthquake答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第五句“.she came back with Lucy，her muchloved doll.”可知，选 C。4Whats the best title of this passage?AA Family StoryBThe Spirit of GivingCThe Way of Helping OthersDA Sad Experience答案 B解析 标题归纳题。本文讲述了作者通过看报纸得知地震之后许多家庭陷入了困境，她想借此机会让孩子们学会关爱他人，结果女儿给自己上了一课：把我们不再需要的东西

29、捐出去很容易，而把自己珍爱的东西捐出去却很难。BIf the crust(外壳 ) of the earth were not pretty solid(坚固的)，it would be shaking about and moving up and down frequently.However，there are places in the rocks of the earths crust where it isnt strongly held togetherwhere faults exist.Along the faults，one rock might push against

30、another with great force.The energy is changed to vibration in the rocks，so they begin to shake and we have an earthquake!The most famous one in North America was the San Francisco earthquake of 1906.Seven hundred people died and property(财产) damage amounted to about $425,000,000.The greatest destru

31、ction came from the fires that followed the quake.One of the most famous earthquakes in Europe took place in Lisbon，Portugal，in 1755.The city was destroyed and at least thirty thousand people were killed.In 1908，in Calabria and Sicily， a quake killed about seventyfive thousand people.In 1915，in cent

32、ral Italy，hundreds of towns and villages were damaged and thirty thousand people were killed.Two great earthquakes that caused great damage in Asia took place in Tokyo，Japan ，and in Gansu Province in China.The Tokyo quake of 1923 killed more than one hundred thousand people and destroyed the city an

33、d the city of Yokohama，too.The Chinese quake in 1920 covered more than three hundred square miles and killed about two hundred thousand people.语 篇 解 读 本 文 介 绍 了 地 震 的 成 因 及 世 界 历 史 上 的 几 次 大 地 震 。5The underlined word “vibration” in the first paragraph probably means “ ”Ashaking Bforce Cenergy Dlosin

34、g答案 A解析 词义猜测题。在断层处，一块岩石有可能用力挤压另一块岩石，地壳的能量发生了改变导致岩石晃动，于是地震发生了。vibration 意为“震动，晃动” ，故 A 项正确。6Which of the following is the correct order of the years when the earthquakes happened?the San Francisco earthquakethe earthquake in Lisbon，Portugalthe earthquake in Calabria and Sicilythe earthquake in centra

35、l Italythe earthquake in Gansu Provincethe Tokyo quakeA BC D答案 C解析 细节理解题。由文章最后三段中，这几次地震发生的时间可知 C 项正确。7According to the passage，the earthquake that killed the most people happened in .APortugal BItaly C Japan DChina答案 D解析 细节理解题。由最后两段中这五次地震造成的伤亡数字可知，1920 年在中国发生的地震伤亡人数最多。8We can infer from the passage

36、that .Athe earth s crust in Europe is weaker than that in other placesBthe fires following the San Francisco earthquake caused more damage than the earthquake didCthere were 75,000 people killed in the San Francisco earthquakeDthe city of Yokohama was not greatly influenced by the Tokyo quake答案 B解析

37、推理判断题。由第二段最后一句“The greatest destruction came from the fires that followed the quake.”可知 B 项正确。CAn earthquake is one of the most common natural disasters.It may cause great damage.So it is wise to learn some simple safety tips to protect yourself or your family members.Fragile items like those made o

38、f glass are easily broken and should usually be placed on a lower surface， near the ground instead of placing them on the cupboards higher up.Never place them near your bed，sofas or other furniture where you would be sitting or lying down.When there is a strong movement，these pieces will fall on the

39、 floor directly and not on you.There is a strong chance of short circuits(短路) and fire during an earthquake.Make sure you turn off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.During an earthquake，lie beneath an object that is not easily damaged.Do not go near objects that c

40、ould directly fall on you.Never use the elevator to go down.Stay inside until the shaking stops and it is safe to go outside.Research has shown that most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to go out.Use the staircases at all times.If you are outdoors，do not take shelter under a tree，st

41、reetlights，electric poles or tall buildings.If you are driving，stop your car and stay in a safe place.Do not park your car under a tree or any tall object.If trapped in debris(瓦砾堆)，cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing.Tap on a pipe or the wall so that rescuers can find you.Use a whistle(

42、哨子) if one is available.Never shout for help.Shouting can cause you to breathe in dangerous amounts of dust.Do not light a match because you may burn yourself.Do not move about or kick up dust.语 篇 解 读 本 文 介 绍 了 在 地 震 来 临 时 ，如 何 做 才 能 把 损 害 降 到 最 低 。9The purpose of the passage is to tell readers .Ath

43、e damage caused by earthquakesBthe rescue work after earthquakesChow to prevent earthquakesDwhat to do about earthquakes答案 D解析 写作意图题。根据第一段最后一句可知，本文主要介绍了在地震来临时的一些安全方面的建议，告诉读者该怎么做。故选 D。10The underlined word “Fragile” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”AEasily found BEasily brokenCExpensive DHeavy答案 B解析

44、词义猜测题。根据该画线词后面的“like those made of glass are easily broken”可知，fragile 意为 “易碎的 ”。故选 B。11During an earthquake，people are advised to .Ago out of the building at onceBdrive to a safe place quicklyCtake shelter under a treeDturn off electricity and gas immediately答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Make sure you turn

45、off electrical connections and gas immediately when an earthquake happens.”可知，在地震发生时，要确保立即关掉电源和液化气。故选 D。.七选五The Night the Titanic SankFrom a high place on the ship，Fred Fleet，who worked on the Titanic，saw the iceberg(冰山) just a few hundred metres away.He rang the bell to warn the people driving the

46、ship. 12 Soon after that，one passenger，Major Peuchen，noticed that the ship wasnt straight in the water.But nobody listened to him.13 Another shipthe Californian was about 30 kilometres north of the Titanic.When the Californian saw the iceberg，it stopped.It also sent a radio message to warn other shi

47、ps in the area.At about 11：15 pm，the Californians radio operator turned off the radio，and went to bed.The Titanic sent a message back giving its positionwrongly！ 14 Soon after midnight，the crew(船员) of the Californian saw rockets going up into the sky from the Titanic.Their captain said， “Fireworks！

48、15 ” The radio wasnt turned on again， and the Californian didnt move.At 0：25 am on the Titanic，people began to get into the lifeboats.At 2：20 am on April 15th the Titanic finally sank.Another ship，the Carpathia，heard the Titanics last call for help. 16 At 4：10 am，the Carpathia saw the Titanics lifeboats floating on the dark water，and rescued the survivors.Later，the Californian turned the radio back on，and heard that the T