2020年新课标通用高考英语一轮训练：专题一 语法基础考点七 情态动词和虚拟语气

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1、考点七 情态动词和虚拟语气限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1We _ (enjoy) the sunshine in Sanya now if it were not for the delay of our flight答案：would be enjoying 句意：要不是耽搁了航班，我们现在正在三亚享受阳光。根据后面的“now” 和“if it were not for ”可知，此处是对现在状况的虚拟，故主句用 would be doing。2When I was small, my mom _ read me stories at night答案：would 句意：当我小时候，我母亲常常

2、在晚上给我读故事。would “过去常常” ，表示过去的习惯性的行为。3The accident _ have been caused by a dog running across the road, but we dont know for sure答案：might 句意：事故可能是由一条横穿马路的狗引起的，但我们不确定。分析句子可知，本句是对过去动作的推测，可能性不大，故填 might。4He looked so hungry as though he _ (eat) a decent meal for a month答案：hadnt eaten 句意：他看起来如此饿好像已有一个月没有吃

3、过一顿像样的饭了。由主句中的 looked 可知，as if/though 后面跟过去完成时表示对过去的虚拟。5I was caught in a traffic jam for over an hour, otherwise, I _ (keep) you waiting for such a long time答案：wouldnt have kept 句意：我在交通堵塞中被困了一个多小时，否则我不会让你等这么长时间。句中用了虚拟语气，otherwise 说明的从句内容和过去事实相反，指如果不被交通阻塞困住，主句谓语动词用“would/should/could/might have过去分词”

4、形式。6Although passing the driving test _ be difficult now, its worth the efforts答案：can 句意：虽然现在通过驾驶考试可能是困难的，但付出的努力是值得的。此处用 can 表示有时可能会 ，故填 can。7My mother _ (be) angry with me, but I couldnt shut my mouth before I shouted at her!答案：wouldnt have been 句意：我母亲本来不会对我生气的，但在我对她大叫之前，我不能闭上嘴！wouldnt have done “本

5、来不会做某事” 。 8Im not sure of the reason for the dogs illness, but it _ (cause) by eating too much答案：may have been caused 句意：我不能肯定狗生病的原因，但它也许是因为吃得太多了。根据前句“Im not sure of the reason for the dogs illness”可知，这里为不肯定的推测，故用 may have done “可能做某事” ；由于 dogs illness与 cause 之间为被动关系，故答案为 may have been caused。9Can I

6、 pay the bill by check?Sorry, sir But it is the rule of our hotel that payment _ be made in cash答案：shall 句意：我可以用支票付账吗？对不起，先生。但这是我们酒店的规定，应当以现金付款。shall 可以在法律条文、规章制度中表示规定或义务等，此处是旅馆的规定。10Passengers _ talk to the driver while the bus is moving, because it will take his focus off the road答案：mustnt 句意：当公共汽

7、车开动时，乘客不得与司机交谈 ，因为这将把他的注意力从路上转移开来。此处表示“禁止，不允许” ，故用 mustnt。11David didnt attend his daughters graduation ceremony, but he does wish he _ (be) there答案：had been 句意：戴维没有参加女儿的毕业典礼，但他确实希望他能在那里。这里 wish 后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气， 与过去的事实相反，用过去完成时。12Even a small personal computer _ store vast amounts of information答案：can

8、句意：即使是一台小型个人电脑也能储存大量的信息。此处表示一种能力，故填 can。13The report is scheduled to be handed in tomorrow, so he _ (attend) the concert with his family yesterday 答案：couldnt have attended 句意：这份报告定于明天提交，昨天他不可能和家人去听音乐会。couldnt have done 表示对过去事情有把握的否定推测，意为“不可能已经做了某事” 。14I am sorry I am very busy now If I _ (have) time

9、, I would certainly go to the movies with you答案：had 根据前面的“I am sorry I am very busy now ”可知，是对现在的虚拟，if 从句中使用一般过去时。15It _ well be the largest cathedral in the world答案：may 句意：它很可能是世界上最大的大教堂。may 与 well 连用，表“很可能” 。16Most green tea drinkers do not add milk or sugar, but you _ if you like答案：can 句意：大部分喝绿茶的

10、人不 (往茶里)加牛奶或糖 ，但是如果你喜欢，你可以加。can 表示许可 ，符合句意。17The head teacher demanded that the paper _ (finish) after class答案：(should) be finished demand 后的宾语从句应该用虚拟语气，即“(should)动词原形” ，由于 finish 与 the paper 之间存在动宾关系，所以用被动语态。18How I wish I _ (have) the chance to watch the football games with my father, who was a re

11、porter there答案：had had wish 从句用虚拟语气，根据逗号后面的非限制性定语从句中的谓语动词 was 可知，这里表示的是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此应用过去完成时。19There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party You _ (come), but why didnt you?答案：should have come 句意：昨天的聚会很有趣。你本应该来，为什么没来呀？should have done sth表示本应该做某事而实际上没做。20Antarctica was so mystically described by some

12、people If only I _ (be) there!答案：had been 句意：南极洲被一些人描述得很神奇。如果我去过那里就好了！if only “要是就好了”引导的句子应使用虚拟语气，表示与过去情况相反的假设，应使用过去完成时，故答案为 had been。21It _ (be) Mr Black because he is away on a trip to China答案：cant be 句意：那人不可能是布莱克先生，因为他去中国旅游了。根据 because 引导的原因状语从句的内容可知，说话者的推测是很有把握的。表示非常有把握的否定推测应该用 cant。22You _ as w

13、ell tell us now; well find out sooner or later答案：may/might 句意：你最好现在告诉我们，我们迟早会查明的。may/might as well 是固定搭配 ，意为“最好，倒不如 ”。23The door _ open, no matter how hard she pushed答案：wouldnt 句意：无论她怎么用力推，门总是打不开。主语 The door为物，且 pushed 表示过去，故填 wouldnt 表示一种倾向性。24_ it rain tomorrow, we would have to cancel the footbal

14、l match答案：Should 本句中条件句是对将来状况的虚拟，当条件句中有助动词had, were, should 时，可以将 if 省略，把这些助动词放在句首，构成倒装结构。25_ you interrupt now? Cant you see Im on the phone?Sorry, sir, but its urgent答案：Must 根据第二个问句可知 ，此处应用 must, 意为“非要，偏要” ，用来告诉某人他的举止使你很生气或困扰。二、单句改错1If he studies at this school, he would know you well _答案：studiess

15、tudied 句意：如果他在这所学校学习的话，他会对你很熟悉。根据后面的主句“would know”可知，本句是对现在的虚拟，故从句应该用一般过去时。2The order came that the medical supplies are sent to the countryside _答案：are(should) be 此句中 that 引导同位语从句 ，解释前面的 order 的内容，order 后面的从句应该使用虚拟语气“(should) do”的结构，故将 are 改为be。3He mustnt be a basketball player, because he is much

16、too short _答案：mustntcant 句意：他不可能是一个篮球运动员，因为他个子矮。表示不可能，应该是 cant，表示否定的推测，而 mustnt 表示“禁止” 。4Roberts new book about space exploration is fantastic You simply could read it _答案：couldmust 句意：罗伯特写的关于太空探索的新书太好了，你一定要读一读。根据句意可知应用 must，故将 could 改为 must。 5Has he learnt about computer, we would have hired him to

17、 work here _答案：Has Had 句意：如果他懂一些电脑知识的话，我们就聘用他来这里工作了。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有 were, should, had 时，if 可省略，而将were, should, had 置于句首。6If we booked a table earlier, we wouldnt be standing here in a queue_答案：booked 前加 had 句意：如果早一点定位子的话 ，现在我们就不用站在这里排队了。此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，故在 booked 前加 had。7All of us love the weekends, bec

18、ause we cant get up early on Saturdays and Sundays _答案：cant neednt 根据语境 ，表示不必，而不是不能 ，故将 cant 改为neednt。8He might have gone to bed, for the light was out_答案：mightmust 句意：他一定已经上床睡觉了，因为灯已经灭了。must have done 表示对过去已经发生的事情的肯定推测。might have done “可能做过某事” ，表示对过去已经发生的事情把握不大的推测。9He commanded that roads built to

19、link castles across the land_答案：built 前加(should) be command 后面的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，且roads 和 build 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故在 built 前加(should) be 。10We must go to the concert tonight, but we are not sure yet_答案：must may 句意：我们今天晚上有可能去听音乐会，但是还不确定。must 表示肯定的猜测，而 may “可能会”表示把握不大的推测。11I wish I was a bird and could fly free

20、ly in the blue sky_答案：was were wish 后的从句常用虚拟语气，根据语境可知，这里应表示与现在情况相反的虚拟语气，be 动词常用 were。12You need have studied that late last night It was harmful to your health_答案：needneednt 由后面的句子可知，前一句句意为“昨天晚上你不必学到那么晚” ，因此应用 need 的否定形式。neednt have done “本不必做某事(而实际上做了) ”。13It has been announced that students might

21、remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected_答案：mightshall 句意：根据宣布的内容，学生必须留在自己的座位上直到所有的试卷收完为止。在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示规定或义务等，应用 shall。14We would as well stay where we are, because the outside is unsafe_答案：wouldmay/might 句意：我们最好待在现在待的地方，因为外面不安全。 “may/might as well动词原形”为固定用法，意思是“不妨做，最好做” 。15W

22、e can have visited Peking University, but we spent too much time shopping_答案：cancould 句意：我们原本可以参观北京大学的，但是我们购物花了太多时间。could have done sth “本能做某事(而实际上未做)” ，表示对过去未能实现的动作的一种责备或惋惜之情。情态动词一、can/could1表示能力：can 表示现在的能力， could 表示过去的能力；2表可能性：一般用于否定句及疑问句中，could 也可用于肯定句，can 用于肯定句中时表示理论上的可能性或一时的可能性，常译为“有时候会” ；3表示许

23、可：could 表示委婉、客气的语气，但回答时必须用 can。Although he is only four, he can play the pianoThat cant be Mary, for she is in hospitalCan I use your computer for a while?Could I borrow your bicycle?Yes, you can/No, you cant 二、may/might1表示请求、允许时，might 比 may 更委婉、客气；2表推测：表示把握性不大的推测，might 表示的可能性比 may 更小； may/might as

24、well do sth “不妨做某事；还是做某事为好” 。Might I use your computer?This pen may be TomsYou may_as_well_start at once三、shall/should1shall 用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中，表示征求对方的意见；2shall 用于第二、三人称作主语的陈述句中，表示命令、警告、许诺等；3shall 还可用在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示规定或义务等；4should 表示“应该” ，表主观，而 ought to(应该)表示客观； 5should 可表示推测，意为“应该会；想必会” ；6should 还可表示惊

25、讶、意外等，意为“竟然” 。Shall he come in or wait outside?You shall hand in the report tomorrowYou should be careful when crossing the streetI dont know why you should think that I did it四、must/have to1must 表示非常有把握的推测，仅用于肯定句中；2表示“必须；不得不” ，must 侧重主观，have to 侧重客观；3must 还可表示“偏要，非要” ，表示说话者不耐烦或与自己愿望相反；4在回答 must 的问句

26、时，否定回答通常用 neednt 或 dont have to (mustnt 表禁止，不表义务 )。You must be tired nowIf you must know the secret, I can tell youMust I clean the room at once?Yes, you mustNo, you neednt/dont_have_to五、will/would1表示意愿、决心等；2用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中表示请求；3表示习惯或反复发生的动作，will 表示现在，would 表示过去；4表示按规律“注定会” 。I wont argue with youWoul

27、d you mind closing the door?Oil will float on waterWe would sit around Grandpa after supper, listening to his stories六、need/dareneed “需要” ，dare “敢” ，二者都既可作情态动词也可作实义动词。You neednt come so earlyShe dare_not go out alone at nightThat boy says it as loudly as he daresI need_to_go to Beijing this Sunday t

28、o attend a book fair七、 “情态动词have done”结构must have done “过去肯定/准是/一定发生了”(表肯定推测)，否定式为：cant/couldnt have doneshould/ought to have done “本应该做而实际未做”shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “本不该做而实际做了”neednt have done “本不必做而实际做了”might/could have done “可能做了”could have done “本来能够做”限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1(2018北京高考 )In todays

29、information age, the loss of data _ cause serious problems for a company答案：can 句意：在当今信息时代 ，数据丢失有时会给一个公司造成严重的问题。can 表示“有时会 ”。 2(2018北京高考 )They might have found a better hotel if they _ (drive) a few more kilometers答案：had driven 句意：如果他们再开几公里的话，他们就会发现一个更好的旅馆了。分析主句中 might have found 可知， 是对过去的推测，从句中应使用过去

30、完成时，故填 had driven。3(2018天津高考 )I cant find my purse I _ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but Im not sure答案：could/might have left 句意：我找不到我的钱包了。昨天我有可能把它落到超市了，但我不确定。根据句子中的时间状语“yesterday”可知，是对过去事情的推测，故用“情态动词have done”的结构。再根据后面的“but Im not sure”可知，表示不太肯定的推测 ，故用 could/might have left。4(2018天津高考 )If

31、 we _ (catch) the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now答案：had caught 句意：如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话，现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语“yesterday”可知 ，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，故用 had done。5(2018江苏高考 )Its strange that he _ have taken the books without the owners permission答案：should 句意：真奇怪，他竟然未经主人允许就拿走了这些书。在句

32、型“It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that ”中，其中由 that引导的主语从句中用“should动词原形” 。 6(2018江苏高考 )There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _ (have) a second chance to become more involved答案：had 句意：在这个村里有很好的社交生活，我希望还有第二次机会去更多地参与。本题考查 wish 引导的宾语从句， 表示与现在事实相反的愿望，所以从句用一般过去时。7(20

33、17天津高考 )An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human “_ (be) watchful and monitoring the road” at every moment答案：(should) be insist 表示“坚决要求”讲时，后面的从句要用虚拟语气。8(2017江苏高考 )Son：Mum, _ we go and see a film tonight?Mother：Why bother? We can stay a

34、t home and watch films online Its convenient with our new and faster network答案：shall 儿子征询妈妈的意见问是否可以晚上出去看电影。shall 用在第一、三人称的疑问句中表示征求对方的意见或者建议。9(2018山西太原高三期末)Secondly, we _ to show our respect for our parents and do what we can to help them答案：ought 句意：第二，我们应当尊敬我们的父母并且尽力去帮助他们 。ought to “应当，应该” ，表示一种责任和义

35、务。10(2017江苏高考 )_ (be) it not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty答案：Were 句意：如果没有老师们的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。此处表示与现在事实相反的假设，从句中谓语动词用 were；在非真实条件句中，如果 if 从句中有 should, had 或 were 时，可以省略 if，而把 should, had 或 were提至主语前，形成部分倒装，故答案为 Were。11(2018河北唐山一次调研)Knowing his sons deat

36、h could _ (avoid) if he had only called the doctor, he always felt he was guilty答案：have been avoided 句意：得知要是他请了医生的话，他儿子就不会死，他总是感到很内疚。his sons death 与 avoid 为被动关系，故设空处需用被动语态；设空处是对过去的事情的假设，设空处前为情态动词，故需用“情态动词have been过去分词”形式，因此填 have been avoided。12(2016浙江高考 )_ (have) the governments and scientists not

37、 worked together, AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005答案：Had 句意：如果政府和科学家没有共同努力，与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从 2005 年的最高点下降。本句为虚拟语气，从句省略了 if，并使用了倒装句式。根据主句的“would not have fallen in 2005”可知，这里是表示对过去的虚拟，所以用 had。13(2016北京高考 )Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you _ (te

38、ll) me, I could have helped答案：had told 句意：上个星期你为什么不告诉我你的麻烦事？如果你告诉我了，我就能帮你。表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句用过去完成时，主句谓语用“情态动词have done”。14(2017北京高考 )Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, _ easily reach the books on the top shelf答案：can 句意：Samuel 是我们班里最高的男孩，他可以轻松地够到书架顶层的书。can “能够” ，表示能力，符合语境。15(2017天津高考 )Do you have Bet

39、tys phone number?Yes Otherwise, I _ (be) able to reach her yesterday答案：wouldnt have been 句意：你有 Betty 的电话号码吗？有，否则，昨天我就不能联系到她了。设空处是对过去发生的事情的虚拟，应该用would have done 结构，此处要用否定形式。16(2017北京高考 )If the new safety system _ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened答案：had been put 句意：如果新的安全系统被投入使用，这起事

40、故就不会发生了。根据题干中的主句谓语部分“would never have happened”可知，此处是对过去发生的事进行虚拟，因此 if 引导的从句谓语部分应为 had done。再结合语境，可知用被动语态。17(2017天津高考 )My room is a mess, but I _ clean it before I go out tonight I can do it in the morning答案：neednt 句意：我的房间很乱 ，但是在今晚外出之前我不必打扫它，我可以早晨打扫。设空处表示不必，所以用 neednt。18(2018天津模拟 )In winter, you _ n

41、ever be too cautious when you are driving in snow答案：can 句意：在冬天 ，你在雪地里开车时怎么小心都不过分 。cannot too 表示“无论怎样都不过分” ，cannot 可用 can never 代替。19(2018浙江温州八校联考)Since you have such good preparations, there _ not be any problems about passing the coming job interview答案：should 句意：既然你准备得很充分，通过即将到来的工作面试应该没问题。根据 since

42、提供的原因“准备充分”可以判断出，此处表示应该不会有问题，表推测，故本空填情态动词 should。20(2019郑州质检 )Today I am very busy I would rather that you _ (come) tomorrow答案：came 句意：我今天很忙，我宁愿你明天过来。would rather 后的从句用虚拟语气，表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词要用过去式。21(2018哈尔滨师大附中高三二模)We waste so much time on social media, television commercials and worrying about life wh

43、ich we _ (use) to practice a hobby答案：could have used 句意：我们把太多的时间浪费在社交媒体上、电视广告上及对生活的担心上，而这些时间我们本可以用来从事一个业余爱好的。本可以做某事而没有做，使用“could have done” 的形式 。22(2019昆明市高三摸底调研)When Muir discovered the Yosemite Valley in the Sierra Nevadas, it was as if he _ (come) home答案：had come 句意：当米尔在内华达山脉发现了约塞米蒂山谷的时候，就好像回到了家一样。as if 连接的句子是对过去的一种假设，使用过去完成时。故填 had come。 23(2018太原市高三第二次模拟)Morgan knew that more lives _ (save) if he had been called sooner答案：might have been saved 句意：摩根知道如果早点给他打电话的话，更多的生命将得到拯救。根据 if 从句是对过去的假设并分析句意可知 ，主句中谓语动词使用 might have been saved。24(2018