2020年新课标通用高考英语一轮训练：专题一 语法基础考点九 定语从句

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1、考点九 定语从句限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1A football fan is a person _ has a strong interest in football答案：who/that 句意：足球迷是对足球有强烈兴趣的人 。分析句子成分可知，此处引导定语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词，指人可用who/that。2Is there anyone in your class _ family is in the country?答案：whose 此处引导定语从句，先行词为 anyone。whose 引导定语从句，在从句中作主语 family 的定语。3I shall never f

2、orget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers答案：when 句意：我永远也不会忘记和农民们一起住在农场的那些年。years 是表示时间的名词， 且从句中不缺少主语和宾语，故用 when 引导定语从句，when 在从句中作时间状语。4We all know that this is the second book _ he has ever written答案：that 句意：我们都知道这是他曾经写的第二本书 。当先行词前有序数词修饰时，要用 that 引导定语从句。5_ is often the case in India,

3、foreign firms will face big barriers答案：As 此处为 as 引导的非限制性定语从句，as 在从句中作主语，指代逗号后面整个主句的内容。6Those _ have six or more close friends are described as “very happy”答案：who 句意：那些有六个或更多亲密朋友的人常被认为是非常幸福的。先行词为 those (指人)时，常用关系代词 who 引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语。7Michel Crozier, with _ help Daisy passed the exam, was one of the

4、 straight A students of the school答案：whose 句意：米歇尔克罗泽是学校全优生之一 ，在他的帮助下黛西通过了考试。根据题干结构和句意可知，本句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，先行词为 Michel Crozier，并且与从句中的名词 help 之间构成所属关系，故用关系代词 whose。8The boy, of _ the hair is red, is my brother答案：whom 句意：有着红色头发的男孩是我哥哥。of whom the hairthe hair of whomwhose hair。9They arrived at a farmhou

5、se, in front of _ sat a small boy答案：which in front of which 还原即 in front of the farmhouse。关系代词which 指代先行词 the farmhouse。10In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _ are women答案：whom two thirds of whom 即 two thirds of the 2,000 workers。关系词在从句中作介词 of 的宾语，因此用宾格 whom。11It is such a good boo

6、k _ I want to buy immediately答案：as 根据句子结构可知，本句含有一个限制性定语从句。先行词为 a good book，并且从句中缺少宾语，又由于先行词被 such 修饰，故关系代词只能用 as。12Our life has reached the stage _ we should decide what to do and how to do it by ourselves答案：where 句意：我们的人生已经走到了应该独立决定该做什么和如何去做的阶段了。分析句子结构可知，本句中含有一个定语从句。先行词 the stage 作为抽象地点，并且从句中缺少地点状语

7、，因此应用关系副词 where。13I dont know the reason _ he came so late答案：why 句意：我不知道他来得那么晚的原因 。先行词为 the reason，且定语从句中缺少原因状语，故用 why。14Suddenly I heard a man shouting at a driver, _ car was blocking the street答案：whose 句意：突然我听到一个人对一个司机喊了起来，那个司机的车挡住了街道。设空处引导定语从句，在从句中作 car 的定语，修饰先行词 a driver。15The way _ he looks at

8、problems is wrong答案：(that/in which) 先行词是 the way，且定语从句中缺少方式状语时，定语从句的关系词可以是 that, in which 或者省略。16They talked about the persons and things _ they remembered at school答案：that 当先行词既有人又有物时，应用 that 引导该定语从句。17I want to use the same tools _ were used in your factory a few days ago答案：as as 引导定语从句时通常构成 such

9、as 或 the same as结构，其中 such 和 the same 修饰其后的名词，as 为关系代词，指代其前的名词并引导定语从句。as 在从句中作主语。18We climbed up to the top of a hill, _ we got a good view of the whole forest park答案：where 句意：我们爬上了山顶，在那里我们可以看到整个森林公园的美景。此处 the top of a hill 是先行词，指地点，后面的非限制性定语从句中不缺主语或宾语，缺一个地点状语，故填 where。19In the dark street, there wa

10、snt a single person _ whom she could turn for help答案：to 定语从句中使用了固定短语“turn to sb for help”，意为“向某人求助” 。根据固定短语的搭配应用介词 to。20Have you ever been in a situation _ you know the other person is right yet you cannot agree with him?答案：where 句意：你是否曾经处于一种你知道另一个人是对的，但你却不能同意他的看法的境况？分析句子可知，句中的先行词为 situation，关系词在从句中

11、作地点状语，应使用关系副词 where。21One theory, _ suggested by Harvard University, is that humans began cooking their food, thereby releasing nutrients locked in the raw food and reducing the time needed to chew it答案：as 句意：正如哈佛大学所研究的一样，一项理论表明，人类开始通过烹饪食物来释放生食物内部的营养成分，以此减少咀嚼所需的时间。as 在此引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”之意，指代整个主句的内容。2

12、2What sets human beings apart from animals is not the pursuit of happiness, but the pursuit of meaning, _ is unique to humans答案：which 句意：不是对幸福的追求而是对生命意义的追求才使得人类与动物不同，这是人类独有的特征。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整句话的内容。 23The road construction is based on the agreement, one of _ purposes is to ensure its completio

13、n on time答案：whose 句意：道路建设是以协议为基础的，协议的一个目的是确保道路建设按时完工。在定语从句中，关系词在从句中作定语，故用关系代词whose。24Particular scents also have an effect: diners _ got the scent of lavender (薰衣草) stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon, or no scent答案：who 句意：特殊的气味也会产生影响：闻到薰衣草气味的就餐者会停留更长时间，并且比那些闻到柠檬味或者没有闻到什么味道的人花更

14、多的钱。who 引导定语从句，修饰前面的 diners，关系词在从句中作主语。 25More public kindergartens in _ preschool kids can spend their funfilled childhood will be built this year答案：which 句意：今年将建立更多的公立幼儿园，学前儿童将在那里度过充满乐趣的童年。in whichwhere 引导定语从句 ，在从句中作地点状语，修饰先行词 more public kindergartens。 26Youth is regarded by many people as a time

15、 in their life _ fun, passion, and imagination seem limitless答案：when 句意：青年时期被许多人视为他们生命中一段似乎充满无限欢乐、激情和想象力的时光。设空处所填词引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a time，关系词在从句中作状语，表时间，故填 when。27Please send us all the information _ you have about the candidate for the position答案：that 句意：请寄给我们所有关于这个职位候选人的信息 。本句中含有一个限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 all th

16、e information。先行词被 all, the only, next 等修饰时 ，定语从句用 that 引导。 28The river, _ runs through the center of the city, brings us lots of pleasure答案：which 句意：这条河流经市中心 ，它带给我们很多快乐。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代先行词 the river，故用 which。29Whichever method you choose, keep in mind the reasons _ you are learning the lan

17、guage答案：why 句意：不管你选用哪种方法，一定要牢记你学习这门语言的原因。根据语境可知，_ you are learning the language 为定语从句，先行词为 the reasons，设空处在定语从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词 why。30She suggests another approach, one, I think, _ suits us better答案：that “I think”为插入语；设空处引导定语从句，先行词为不定代词one，这种情况只能用 that 而不用 which 引导定语从句。二、单句改错1We still remember the days

18、 on which we spent in the old house_答案：去掉 on 关系代词 which 在从句中作 spent 的宾语，因此去掉介词on。2Jim doesnt like the way which I deal with the question_答案：which that 或去掉 which 或 which 前加 in 先行词是 the way，且定语从句中缺少方式状语时，定语从句关系词可以是 that, in which 或省略。故把which 改为 that 或去掉 which 或在 which 前加 in。3Nancy enjoyed herself very

19、 much last week where she visited her friends in Sydney_答案：where when 先行词 last week 是表示时间的名词，且定语从句中缺少时间状语，因此用关系副词 when 来引导定语从句。4That scientist whose the work is successful has been made a model worker_答案：去掉 the 该定语从句中名词 work 前缺少定语 ，故用 whose 引导该定语从句。whose 与 the 不能同时使用 ，故去掉 the。5The Voice of China has

20、 set up a stage which some people can achieve their dreams_答案：which where 先行词 stage 意为“舞台” ， 关系词在从句中作地点状语，因此用关系副词 where。6They talked for about an hour of incidents, most of them happened recently_答案：themwhich 两个句子之间没有连词连接，应该把代词 them 改为具有连接作用的关系代词。介词 of 后指物的关系代词应用 which。7That day, what I am looking f

21、orwards to, is around the corner_答案：what which 本句中含有一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作宾语且先行词是 that day，因此用关系代词 which。what 不能引导定语从句。8My friend showed me around the town, where was very kind of him_答案：where which 非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which，指代前面提到的整件事情。9Which we know, China is a country with a long history_答案：WhichAs

22、which 引导非限制性定语从句，一般跟在主句之后，所以此处应用 As。as we know “正如我们所知道的” 。10They told me they had just arrived at the last destination where you went to last year_答案：where that 句意：他们告诉我，他们刚刚到达了最后一个目的地 ，这个地方是你去年去过的。该句中含有一个定语从句，先行词为 destination，关系词在从句中作 went to 的宾语；先行词被“the last”修饰，故只能用 that 引导该定语从句。11Soon children

23、in the summer camp had many new friends, to whom they shared food, stories, and projects_答案：towith 句意：夏令营里的孩子们很快就有了许多新朋友，他们一起分享食物、故事和专题研究。share sth with sb意为“和某人分享某物” 。 12SpellingBee is a contest which competitors, usually children, are asked to spell as many words as possible_答案：which where 句意：Spel

24、lingBee 是一种拼写比赛，通常孩子们被要求拼写出尽可能多的单词。分析句子结构可知，此句中含有一个定语从句，contest 是先行词 ，关系词在从句中作地点状语 ，因此，用 where 作引导词。 13The subway was crowded with passengers going home from market, most of them carried heavy bags and baskets full of fruits and vegetables they had bought there_答案：themwhom 句意：地铁挤满了购物完回家的人们 ，其中大部分人手上

25、拎着装满从市场买的水果蔬菜的包和篮子。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，由“介词whom”引导。14After visiting Harbin, most of the foreign friends said they would never forget the time when they had spent_答案：when that/which 句意：在参观过哈尔滨之后，大多数外国友人都说，他们永远不会忘记在那里度过的那段时光。分析句式可知，先行词为 the time，从句中缺少宾语，故应用 which 或 that 来引导定语从句。 15Is this the reason why he e

26、xplained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?_答案：去掉 why 或 whythat/which 句意：这就是那个他在会上解释的工作上粗心的原因吗？reason 作先行词时，如关系词在定语从句中作状语，用why 引导定语从句；如果关系词作主语或宾语，则用 that/which 引导定语从句。在本题中关系词作宾语，因此，也可以省略引导词 that/which。 定语从句( 一)一、关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系词(也称为引导词)包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语

27、、定语和状语成分。The work that/which has just been finished is very importantShe is the girl who/that lives next doorThis is the house whose window broke last nightTom was late for work again this morning, which made the boss angryAs is known to all, China is the biggest developing country in the worldI sti

28、ll remember the day when/on_which I first came to this schoolThis is the small village where/in_which he was bornThe reason why/for_which he refused the invitation is not clear注意：关系代词作宾语时可以省略，但作介词的宾语时不能省略；关系副词一般可用“介词关系代词”来代替。二、只能用关系代词 that 的几种情况1当先行词既有人又有物时。They are talking about the director and hi

29、s films that I like best2当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰，或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词最高级时。It is the best film that I have ever seen3当先行词被 the only/the very/the right/the last/just 等词修饰时。This is the only book that is worth reading4当先行词是不定代词，或先行词被不定代词修饰时。Have you taken down everything that Mr Li said?5当主句是以 which 或 who 开头的疑问句时。

30、Who is the man that is standing there?三、只能用关系代词 which 的几种情况1 “介词关系代词”结构中指物的关系代词只能用 which(指人时用whom)。This is the school in_which I studied 10 years ago2在非限制性定语从句中指物的关系代词只能用 which。The meeting was put off, which was actually what we wanted限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1(2019广东省深圳市高级中学高三年级月考)Find group activities _ yo

31、u can be with people who share your interests答案：where 句意：找到一些小组活动，你可以和那些和你有同样兴趣的人在一起。先行词是 activities，表抽象的地点，从句中不缺主语或宾语，而是缺地点状语，故用 where 引导定语从句。2(2019广东省深圳市南山区高三上学期入学摸底考试)I had to stay and fight this rule again for girls _ want to play football答案：who/that 句意：我不得不留下来为那些想踢足球的女孩们再次反抗这个规定。先行词是 girls，从句中缺

32、少主语，故填 who/that。3(2018全国卷 )The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started a soiltesting program _ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmersand 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 77 million tons答案：that/which 设空处引导定语从句 ，且在从句中作主语，前面的“a soiltesting program

33、”是指物的先行词 ，故填 that/which。4(2018北京高考 )She and her family bicycle to work, _ helps them keep fit答案：which 句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班 ，这帮助他们保持健康。分析句子的结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，指代前面整个句子的内容，故用 which。 5(2018天津高考 )Kate, _ sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia答案：whose 句意：凯特已经去澳大

34、利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为 Kate，在非限制性定语从句中作名词 sister 的定语，故用关系代词 whose。6(2018江苏高考 )Selfdriving is an area _ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line答案：where 句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其他国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为 area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which。 7(2018全国卷 )I arrived early at Byr

35、on Bay _ we were supposed to meet 答案：where 句意：我们早早地到达了 Byron 海湾，我们应该在那里相见。where 指代先行词 Byron Bay，在从句中作地点状语 ，引导定语从句。8(2018浙江高考 )Then I got to the point _ I was staying up really late at night to get my work done答案：where 句意：接着我到达了这样的一个地步：我熬夜一直到深夜来完成任务。point 在此表抽象地点，故用 where 引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语。9(2018全国卷 )

36、Because of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl _ mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness答案：whose 句意：因为我们的努力，我们的女儿乔治亚的确决定把一大袋子玩具捐献给一个女孩，她的母亲因为疾病没有钱让她度假。whose 引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 girl，作后面 mother 的定语。10(2018北京高考 )Now Mr Anderson has se

37、t up an online campaign to donate money for Mr Smith and other homeless people in the area, _ by yesterday had received 8,000答案：which 句意：现在安德森先生发起了一个网络运动给史密斯和本地区其他无家可归的人们捐款，到昨天为止已经收到了 8,000 英镑。which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的 an online campaign，故填 which。11(2018天津高考 )One chilly night _ I was hiking in the Rock

38、y Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream答案：when 前面的 night 是一个表时间的名词，空格后面的句子不缺主语或宾语，缺少时间状语，故填 when。12(2018浙江高考 )Many westerners _ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out答案：who/that 空格处引导

39、定语从句，修饰先行词 westerners，在从句中作主语，所以用 who/that。13(2019广西省桂林市第十八中学高三月考)Just as I was in the middle of my descent (下降), a gentleman entered the main entrance _ was right in front of the staircase答案：which/that 句意：当我正在下楼梯的时候 ，一位男士进入通道，而通道口刚好在楼梯前面。修饰先行词 entrance，虽然 entrance 表示“入口处”有地点的意味，但是从句中缺少主语，故填 which/t

40、hat。 14(2018全国卷 )Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 _ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes答案：that/which 此处是定语从句 ，修饰前面的先行词 a study，从句中缺少主语，所以用 that/which。15(2018贵州省贵阳市高三适应性考试)Dont fall in

41、to a situation _ one person is always cleaning up答案：where 先行词是表地点的抽象名词 situation, where 引导定语从句，修饰 situation，在从句中作地点状语。16(2017全国卷 )This trend, _ was started by the medical community (医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease答

42、案：which 先行词为 this trend，且非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，故用which 引导该定语从句 。17(2016全国卷 )But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, _ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild答案：when 分析句子结构可知，空处在此引导非限制性

43、定语从句，且在从句中作时间状语，故填关系副词 when。18(2017江苏高考 )In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of _ purposes is to relieve world wide starvation答案：whose 句意：联合国在 1963 年成立了世界粮食计划署，该组织的一个宗旨是减轻世界范围内的饥饿程度。此处引导非限制性定语从句，因为World Food Programme 与 purposes 之间构成所属关系，故用关系代词 whose 引导。19(2017全国卷 )They went farther

44、north into the deep forests of Canada, _ there were fewer humans around答案：where 句意：他们一直朝北前行直到加拿大的深山老林之中，那儿人迹罕至。先行词为 the deep forests，且定语从句中缺少地点状语，故应用关系副词 where。20(2016全国卷 )Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, _ lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks答案：who 句意：一些人认为生活在大约公元前 551 年到 479 年之间的中国的伟大学者孔子影响了筷子的发展进程。所填词引导非限