2020年新课标通用高考英语一轮训练：专题一 语法基础考点二 代词和介词

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1、考点二 代词和介词限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1 “Made in China 2025” aims to transform China from a productmaking factory into a productmaking power, _ driven by innovation and emphasizing quality over quantity答案：one 句意：“2025 中国制造”的目标是把中国从一个产品制造工厂变成一个产品制造大国，一个以创新为导向、强调质量而不是数量的大国。one 表示泛指 ，相当于“ a (n)名词” ，代替的是同类事物中的 “一个”

2、。2To his delight, Tom quickly earned the trust of his boss and then _ of his colleagues答案：that 句意：让他高兴的是，汤姆很快就获得了他老板的信任 ，然后是他同事们的信任。根据句意可知此处指代同类异物的不可数名词 trust，用that。 3I know you want to borrow money, but I dont have _ at hand myself答案：any any 此处为代词 ，意为“一点，一些” ，用于否定句中。4_ who are able to work through

3、the struggle are the ones who are going to be successful答案：Those 句意：那些拼搏工作的人 ，就是将会成功的人。句中缺少定语从句的先行词，根据句中主句和从句动词 are 可知先行词用复数，指代那些人。5Due to _ humor and irony (反语), Xiangsheng has spread far and wide 答案：its 句意：由于具有幽默与讽刺的效果，相声广为流传。根据空后的“humor and irony (反语 )”可知，空处应用形容词性物主代词。 6All in all, every student

4、should behave _ and keep away from violence 答案：himself 此处 behave oneself 为固定搭配，意为“举止得当” ，此处需要用反身代词 himself。7The company and the effect _ brought about did a great deal of good to our business in the market答案：it 句意：这家公司及其所带来的影响对我们的业务有很大的好处。句中的 it 代指 the company, it brought about 为定语从句，先行词 the effect

5、作brought about 的宾语，故省略了关系词 which 或 that。 8The problem should be handled very carefully to balance the needs of people with _ of nature答案：those 句意：这个问题应该谨慎处理，以便平衡人和自然的需要 。此处与前面的 the needs 呼应 ，指自然界的需求，所以用 those 来代替。9Tom was at the end of the team, for his luggage is heavier than _ of his friends 答案：th

6、at 句意：汤姆落在队伍的最后，因为他的行李比队友的 (行李)重。此处应用 that 代指前面同类异物的不可数名词 luggage。10Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?$4,000, or _ like that答案：something 句意：你算出这次旅游将会花多少钱了吗？4,000 美元，或大约那么多吧。something like “大约” ，为固定结构。11He is recognized as the leading character in the field of physics and so far remain

7、s second to _答案：none 句意：他被公认为物理学的领军人物，至今仍然首屈一指。be/remain second to none “首屈一指” ，是固定短语 。12_ of your parents has to come to sign the papers because your signature doesnt count答案：Either 句意：你的父母要有一方来在试卷上签字，因为你的签名不算数。根据谓语动词 has to 可知主语为单数，故用 either，意为“( 两者中的)任一个” 。13It was hard for him to learn English i

8、n a family, in which _ of the parents spoke the language答案：neither 由于 hard 表示“困难的” ，暗指父母都不会说这种语言，故空格处用 neither “两者都不 ”，表示否定含义。14A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh dear! Its _ (I) ” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully答案：me/mine 此空需填表语。由下文可知，此处表示一名女士惊呼，“是我丢东西了/那是我的箱子” ，故填 me

9、/mine。15What seems to be a good thing to one person may be a bad thing to _答案：another 句意：同样一件事对于一个人来说似乎是好事，而对于另外一个人来说可能就是坏事。another 指三个或三个以上中的另外一个。16September 30 is the day _ which you must pay your bill答案：by 句意：9 月 30 日是你必须付账单的最后期限。此处 by 意为“不迟于，在之前” 。17The little red house looks so beautiful _ the

10、green woods答案：against 句意：这座红色的小屋在翠绿的树林的衬托下显得如此美丽。against “ 在衬托下 ，以为背景” 。18Sorry, madam Youd better come tomorrow because its _ the visiting hours now答案：beyond 句意：对不起 ，夫人。你最好明天来，因为现在已经超过探视时间了。beyond 意为 “在较远的一边，超出 ”，符合句意。19Our school has developed various beneficial sports activities _ classes to refr

11、esh students答案：between 句意：在课间休息时，我们学校开发了各种各样的有益的体育活动来让学生放松。between 用于两者之间，也可指多个事物中的两者之间；among 用于三者或三者以上。课间是指两节课之间，因此应用 between。20_ all the animals Ive ever had, these two dogs are the most sensitive to the spoken word答案：Of 句意：在所有我养过的动物中，这两只狗对口头语言最敏感。此处 of 用来表示范围，意为“在之中” 。21The Scottish girl _ blue e

12、yes won first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest答案：with 句意：在第五届汉语演讲比赛中，那位有着一双蓝色眼睛的苏格兰姑娘获得了一等奖。with “有，具有” 。22The driver managed to escape _ the vehicle and gave a warningplease bypass the accident car答案：from 句意：那名司机设法从车里逃了出来并发出警告事故车辆，请绕行。escape from “从逃出” 。23This view is common _ all sections

13、 of the community答案：across 句意：这个观点在社会的各个阶层都非常普遍。across “遍及，在各处” 。across all sections of the community 意为“遍及各个阶层” 。24What is your main reason for choosing one restaurant _ another?答案：over 句意：你选择饭店的主要原因是什么？over 强调比较的概念，表“胜过” 。25Some people use handwritten letters in preference _ typing because theyre

14、more personal and represent your sincerity答案：to 句意：一些人使用手写的书信，而不是打印信件 ，因为手写信件更私人化，也代表你的真诚。in preference to 意为 “而不是” 。26Parents need to encourage kids to develop their potential _ putting too much pressure on them答案：without 句意：父母需要在不给孩子们施加太多压力的情况下鼓励他们发展自己的潜能。without “没有” 。without doing sth “没有做某事” 。2

15、7Star skater Wu Dajing won Chinas first gold medal at the 2018 PyeongChang Olympic Winter Games _ breaking world record in short track mens 500m答案：by 句意：明星速滑运动员武大靖在 2018 平昌冬季奥运会赢得中国第一枚金牌，打破了男子 500 米短道速滑的世界纪录。by doing sth为固定搭配，意为“凭借/通过做某事” ，根据句意可知填 by。28Just hang the towel _ the back of the chair so

16、that it will dry soon答案：over 句意：把毛巾挂在椅背上 ，这样它很快就会晾干 。over “在上面” 。表示椅背上面，故填 over。29Although the price has gone up by 5%, its still _ the limit set by the government答案：within 句意：虽然价格已经上涨了 5%，但是仍然在政府设定的限度之内。within “在之内” ，符合句意。30In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not _ cl

17、apping their hands but _ waving them in the air答案：by; by 句意：在北美聋人文化中，许多听众不是通过拍手而是通过在高空中挥动双手以表示鼓掌。设空处用 them 代替 hands 以避免重复。二、单句改错1We come from different cultures, and carry with our different histories_答案：our us 句意：我们来自不同的文化，传承不同的历史 。此处表示carry different histories with us 或者 carry our different histor

18、ies。2Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer You need it to complete the things you want to do_答案：itthem 前面提到 tools like a knife or a hammer, them 代替前面的tools， 因此将 it 改为 them。3There are shops on all sides of the street_答案：allboth all 表示 “(三者或三者以上)都” ，both 表示“(两者)都” 。在道路两侧应用 both。4I wou

19、ld appreciate you if you could come to my grandmas birthday party and say “Hello” to her_答案：第一个 youit 动词 appreciate 后不能直接接从句，需要借助于代词 it 作形式宾语，然后再接从句。5Farmer though he is, he has become a huge success as a singer, whose story is really that of great inspiration_答案：thatone 句意：尽管出身农民，他已经成了一位非常成功的歌手，他的故

20、事真的非常鼓舞人心。这里应该用 one 作表语 ，指代前面的 story，后跟介词短语作宾语补足语，相当于 a story of great inspiration。6We must find ways to protect your environment_答案：your our/the 句意：我们必须要找到保护环境的方法。根据句子结构及语意可知，这里指“保护我们的环境” ，与 we 相对应，故应用 our。也可填定冠词 the，特指“我们生活的大环境” 。7I wanted to give you some bread, but nothing was left_答案：nothingnon

21、e 句意：我想给你一些面包， 但是没有剩下。none 可以指没有一个( 事物) ，也可指没有一个人。nothing 指什么也没有，不但没有面包，其他的食物也没有。8Im looking forward to hear from you_答案：hear hearing look forward to “期待” ，该短语中 to 为介词，故其后用 ving 形式。9She moved back home to care about her elderly parents_答案：aboutfor 句意：她搬回家住 ，好照料年迈的双亲 。care for “照料” ，care about “在乎” 。

22、10Once its down by black and white, you cant forget it _答案：byin 句意：一旦白纸黑字写下来，你就不会忘记了 。in black and white “白纸黑字” 。11Please help with me and give me some advice_答案：去掉 with 句意：请帮帮我，给我一些建议 。help 为及物动词，故去掉 with。12I wanted to do anything special for him at his retirement party_答案：anythingsomething 句意：我想在他

23、退休聚会上为他做些特别的事情。肯定句中用 something。13We went to swim in the river in a very hot day_答案：第二个 inon 表示在具体的某一天用介词 on。14More and more highrise buildings have been built in big cities in lack of space_答案：第二个 infor 句意：因为缺乏空间 ，大城市里建起了越来越多的高层建筑。for lack of 固定短语，意为“因为缺乏” 。15Under your help, I finished my job on ti

24、me_答案：UnderWith 句意：在你的帮助下，我按时完成了我的工作。with ones help 相当于 with the help of sb 是固定搭配，意为“在某人的帮助下” 。代词一、代词的分类用来代替名词或起名词作用的词叫作代词。英语中的代词可分为九类。二、常考代词的用法1it, that, those, one代词 用法it 指代上文提到的同一事物that特指同类异物的可数名词单数或不可数名词，只指物，通常有范围限定thosethose 相当于 the ones，只指代可数名词复数，可指人，也可指物one 泛指同类异物的可数名词，单数用 one，复数用 onesI canno

25、t find my watch I must have lost itThe weather here is much better than that in BeijingMy pen is broken I must buy one2both, either, neither, all, any, some, none, no one续表Both of his parents are teachersYou can take either of the pictures, whichever you likeNeither of us could understand GermanAll

26、are happy to know the newsWe had three cats once but none (of them) is alive now3another, other, the other, the others, others代词 用法another 三者或三者以上中的另一个other“其他的” ，只作定语，常与复数名词连用。other students “其他的学生”the other两者中的另一个。常与 one 连用，构成：one the other “一个，另一个”the others 为 the other 的复数形式，特指其余的人或物others 泛指别的人

27、或物Will you show me another? I dont like its colorShe has two sisters One is Mary and the_other is JoanWhy are only three of you here? Where are the_others?Dont cut in when others speak限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1(2018全国卷 )When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find _ (they) alive答案：t

28、hem 人称代词作宾语时，要用其宾格。them 在此作 find 的宾语。2(2018浙江高考 )Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap _ can be to eat out答案：it 此处 it 作形式主语，指代后面真正的主语不定式 to eat out。 3(2018浙江高考 )If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the nex

29、t time you go to your mums home _ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her答案：for 句意：如果你不打算遭遇这种问题，那么我建议下一次你去你母亲家吃饭的时候，从她那里获取几个烹饪的秘诀。去妈妈家吃饭，表示目的，故填 for。 4(2018全国卷 )Wang Shu, a 49yearold Chinese architect, won the 2012 Pritzker Architecture Prizewhich is often referred _ as the Nobel Prize in architectu

30、reon February 28 答案：to 句意：在 2 月 28 日，49 岁的中国建筑师王澍获得了 2012 年普利兹克建筑奖，该奖项被誉为“建筑界的诺贝尔奖” 。5(2018北京高考 )Good morning, Mr Lees office Good morning Id like to make an appointment _ next Wednesday afternoon答案：for 此处表示 “我”想预约星期三下午(的时间)。make an appointment for 是固定搭配 ，意为“为约定” 。 故此处用介词 for。6(2018天津高考 )The people

31、in the hall seemed very nosy (爱窥探的), keeping their eyes on me _ curiosity答案：with 句意：客厅的人们很爱窥探似的，好奇地一直盯着我 。with curiosity “出于好奇” 。7(2018江苏高考 )Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which calls _ a clear road map and timetable答案：for 句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。call for “

32、需要” 。8(2017江苏高考 )Determining where we are in relation _ our surroundings remains an essential skill for our survival答案：to 句意：根据我们周围的环境来确定自己身在何处 ，这是我们生存的一项必不可少的技能。in relation to “关于， 涉及” ，符合语境，故此处填to。9(2017天津高考 )When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be _ trees that are ov

33、er 1,000 years old答案：among 句意：当你开车穿越加利福尼亚州的红杉林时，你会置身于寿命超过一千年的树木之中。among “在当中 ，为所围绕” ，符合语境。故填 among。10(2017天津高考 )We offer an excellent education to our students _ return, we expect students to work hard答案：In 句意：我们向我们的学生提供优质的教育，作为回报，我们希望学生能够努力学习。in return “作为回报，作为报答” 。11(2018广西模拟 )I didnt know the way

34、 _ my hotel, so I asked a porter how I could get there答案：to the way to 为固定搭配，意为“到的路” 。12(2016天津高考 )I was wearing a seatbelt If I hadnt been wearing _， I would have been injured答案：one 句意：我当时系着安全带 。如果没系的话，我可能已经受伤了。one 泛指安全带 ，表同类异物 。13(2016浙江高考 )In many ways, the education system in the US is not very

35、different from _ in the UK答案：that 句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系没有很大差异。这里指代前面的名词 education system，后面有 in the UK 修饰，所以用 that。14(2016四川高考 )By that time, the panda no longer needed _ (it) mother for food答案：its 句意：到那时，这只熊猫不再需要从它的母亲那里获取食物。此处用形容词性物主代词 its 修饰 mother。15(2018山东师大附中检测)She must be shy You may be shy

36、 _ (you)答案：yourself 句意：她一定很害羞 ，你自己可能也会害羞 。反身代词在句中起强调作用。16(2018广西南宁检测 )Dasirees paintings catch your eyes immediately, and then your eyes lock on _答案：them 句意：德西里的画立刻吸引了你们的视线 ，然后你们的视线就锁定在这些画上。介词 on 的宾语指的是前面提到的 paintings，故用 them 代替。17(2018河南开封二模 )Only human beings can choose where and how they want to

37、live and then improve the physical environment to help _ (they) realize these choices答案：themselves 句意：只有人类可以选择生活的地方和生活的方式，然后改善自然环境来帮助自己实现这些选择。本空所填词作 help 的宾语，而 help的主语是 they，主语与宾语互指，故宾语用反身代词。18(2018全国卷 )Many Chinese people are learning Western styles and theories rather than focusing _ Chinese tradi

38、tions答案：on focus on 固定短语，意为“聚焦于，集中精力于” 。19(2018山东东营一模 )_ is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socioeconomic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system答案：It 句意：人们普遍认为，在我们的教育体制里 ，来自比较贫困的社会经济背景的年轻人往往会表现不佳。it 作形式主语， “that young people from poorer socioeconomic background

39、s tend to do less well in our education system”为主语从句，是真正的主语。20(2017天津高考 )Donations began flooding in _ hundreds of people答案：from 句意：成百上千人的捐赠像潮水般涌来。from “自，从” 。21(2018全国卷 )As we accumulated more devices, however, we didnt throw out our old _答案：ones 句意：虽然我们积累了更多的设备，然而，我们并没有扔掉旧设备。devices 是一个可数名词，ones 代

40、替前面提到的复数名词，故填 ones。22(2018全国卷 )When it comes _ technology and reading, the report does little to counsel (建议) parents looking for data about the effect of ereaders and tablets on reading答案：to 此处 when it comes to 表示“提及，谈到” ，是一个固定词组，其中 to 是介词。23(2018全国卷 )The style of the campus is quite different from

41、 _ of most Chinese universities答案：that 句意：这个校园的风格与大多数中国大学的风格截然不同 。前面 style 是单数名词，根据后面的定语“of most Chinese universities”可知，that 代替前面的 style。24(2018天津高考 )Theres a new frontier in 3D printing thats beginning to come _ focus: food答案：into 句意：3D 打印技术开始关注一个新的领域：食物 。come into focus “开始关注 ”。25(2018浙江高考 )As th

42、e 200th anniversary of Dickens birth approaches, it is possibleand important for our own cultureto understand how he made _ a lasting one 答案：himself 句意：随着狄更斯诞辰 200 周年纪念日的临近 ，让我们一起去了解他是怎么使得自己成为一个永恒的人物的吧，这对我们的文化来说是可能的也是必要的。make himself “使得自己成为 ”。26(2018江苏高考 )There are solutions that could light a path

43、 _ a more sustainable and fair farm economy, but farmers cant clumsily put them together before us答案：towards 句意：虽然有指引通向可持续的、公平的农业经济的解决方案，但是农民们不能把这些方案展现在我们面前。towards “通向” ，强调方向性。 27(2016全国卷 )Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands 答案：with 句意：并非亚洲的每个地方(的人们)都用筷子。例如，在印度，大部分的人习惯用手吃饭。with“用” ，符合句意 。28(2016四川高考 )The mother continued to care for the young panda _ more than two years答案：for 句意：这位母亲持续照顾熊猫幼崽两年多。 “for一段时间”作时间状语，表示持续了一段时间。29(2016全国卷 )Most of u