2020年新课标通用高考英语一轮训练：专题一 语法基础考点五 非谓语动词

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1、考点五 非谓语动词限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1The writer has won the hearts of millions of children with the rich stories _ (draw) from her childhood memories答案：drawn 句意：凭借着她从她的童年记忆中获取的丰富多彩的故事，那个作家赢得了很多小孩子的心。分析句子，由于句子已经出现了谓语动词 has won，故空格处只能用非谓语动词；由于 stories 与 draw 之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。2_ (receive) your purchases in tim

2、e, make sure the express company knows your address exactly答案：To receive 句意：为了及时收到你购买的物品，要确保快递公司准确地知道你的地址。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。3_ (complete) his overseas study, he was eventually employed by his dream company答案：Having completed 句意：他完成海外学习之后，最后被他梦寐以求的公司雇用了。he 和 complete 在逻辑上存在主谓关系，且此处分词的动作明显先于谓语动词的动作发生，故用现在

3、分词的完成式作时间状语。4This course is of great interest to students, _ (hope) to improve their writing skills答案：hoping 句意：学生对本课程有极大的兴趣 ，希望能提高他们的写作能力。此处是现在分词作目的状语。5The young lady, _ (make) several attempts to fix her cell phone, decided to have another try答案：having made 句意：这位年轻的女士试图修好她的手机，她已经尝试好几次了，决定再试一次。句中主语

4、“The young lady”和动词“make”之间是主动关系，且该动作发生在主句谓语动词 decided 之前 ，故用动词ing 形式的完成式作状语。6Nowadays, more and more Chinese homes have the technology and equipment _ (need) to do online shopping答案：needed 句意：目前，越来越多的中国家庭拥有在线购物所需的技术和设备。此处是过去分词作后置定语，故填 needed。7Watching basketball games on TV at home is one thing, go

5、ing to watch them _ (perform) live is quite another答案：being performed 句意：在家里的电视上看篮球比赛是一回事，去看现场比赛又是另外一回事。根据句意可知， “perform”与其逻辑主语“them”之间为动宾关系，由 live “现场地”可知， 应用现在分词的被动式 being performed，作宾语 them 的补足语。8Beijings new international airport _ (put) into operation in 2019 will serve 72 million passengers an

6、nually答案：to be put 句意：将于 2019 年投入运营的北京新国际机场每年将为7,200 万乘客提供服务。此处表示将来，所以用动词不定式作后置定语；airport和 put into operation 之间是被动关系，故用动词不定式的被动式。9_ (know) basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies答案：Knowing 句意：了解基本的急救技能将有助于你快速地对紧急情况作出反应。分析句子成分可知，谓语是 will help，所以 will 前面的部分是主语，用动名词作主语，表

7、示一般性的事实。10_ (make) naturally by the skin when exposed to sunlight, vitamin D is needed for healthy bones, teeth and muscles答案：Made 句意：当暴露在阳光下的时候 ，维生素 D 自然就在皮肤中形成了，它是健康的骨头、牙齿和肌肉所需要的。vitamin D 和 make 之间是被动关系，故填 Made。11Dream of the Red Chamber is believed to be semiautobiographical, _ (mirror) the fort

8、unes of Caos own family答案：mirroring 句意： 红楼梦被认为是一部半自传性质的小说，它反映了曹雪芹自己家族的命运。 “Dream of the Red Chamber”和“mirror”之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填 mirroring。 12Anyone with an eye on the employment situation knew the assessment about economic recovery _ (be) just around the corner was correct答案：being 句意：任何关注就业形势的人都知道，

9、有关经济即将复苏的评估是正确的。本句中含有一个宾语从句，即 knew 后面的部分，从句中，应用动名词的复合结构作主语，recovery 和 be 之间存在主谓关系，故填 being。13The problem with the current system allows anyone to commit a similar crime without _ (punish) It needs to be fixed答案：being punished 句意：现行制度的问题是允许任何人犯下类似的罪行而不受惩罚，因此需要对其进行修改。介词后面跟动名词作宾语，另外“anyone”和“punish”之间存

10、在被动关系，故填 being punished。14The 19th Party Congress drew up a blueprint for Chinas development in the next three decades and more _ (turn) this blueprint into reality, we must be downtoearth in our approach, take one step at a time as we move forward and deliver solid outcomes答案：To turn 句意：中国共产党第十九次全国

11、代表大会为中国未来三十年甚至更长的时间的发展制定了蓝图。要把这一蓝图变为现实，我们必须脚踏实地，稳步前进，取得坚实的成果。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。15The young man, _ (catch) in heavy traffic on the way, got home an hour later than usual答案：caught 句意：这个年轻人，在路上堵车了，比往常到家晚了一个小时。be caught in “陷入 ”，作状语时省掉 be 动词 ，此处为过去分词短语表原因。16The educational reform is now under way throughout

12、 the country, _ (grant) the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential答案：granting 句意：全国正在进行教育改革 ，给了学生们更多发挥最大潜力的机会。 “_ the students more opportunities to develop to their greatest potential”作状语 ，逻辑主语和 grant 之间是主动关系，故用现在分词，作结果状语。17It is not necessary _ (bargain) on this small a

13、mount答案：to bargain 句意：没有必要为这么少的数额讨价还价 。句中 it 作形式主语，空格处应用不定式作真正的主语，构成“Its adj to do sth ”结构。18It is a waste of time _ (persuade) such a person to join us答案：persuading 句意：劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。It is a waste of time doing sth “做某事是浪费时间” 。19_ (dress) in her favorite skirt, she seemed to be more confident答案：D

14、ressed 句意：穿着她最喜欢的裙子 ，她看起来更自信了。be dressed in “穿着” ，表示状态 ，本句中，过去分词短语 “dressed in ”作状语。20With all my jobs _ (do), I will go out for a picnic答案：done 句意：所有的工作完成了 ，我将出去野餐。此处为 with 复合结构，本句中宾语 my jobs 和 do 之间存在被动关系，故填过去分词 done 表被动和完成。21Id like to see the plan _ (carry) out答案：carried 句意：我想看到这个计划被执行。plan 与 ca

15、rry out 之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。22Almost all metals are good conductors, silver _ (be) the best of all答案：being 句意：几乎所有的金属都是良好的导体，其中银是最好的。句中的两部分由逗号分隔，无连词，逗号前面是含有谓语动词的句子；逗号后的部分有其主语 silver，由此可推断，逗号后需要用独立主格形式。silver 和 be之间存在主动关系，故填 being。23Greatly _ (encourage), agricultural researchers began to study this p

16、articular type of plant答案：encouraged 句意：受到了极大的鼓舞，农业研究人员开始研究这种特殊的植物。agricultural researchers 与 encourage 之间存在被动关系，故用过去分词作状语。24She was the first woman _ (win) the gold medal in the Olympic Games答案：to win 句意：她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。当名词或代词前有序数词或最高级修饰时，则用不定式作其后置定语。25My friends are made _ (laugh) by my little g

17、irl答案：to laugh 句意：我的朋友们被我的小女儿逗笑了。使役动词(make, have, let)用于被动语态时，作主语补足语的不定式符号 to 不能省略。二、单句改错1Several of us were asked to attend the meeting, as listing below_答案：listinglisted 句意：我们中有几个人被要求参加这次会议，如下所列。此处表示“被列出” ，所以用过去分词。2Warned of danger in the street at night, the girl doesnt dare to go out without som

18、eone accompanied her_答案：accompanied accompanying 句意：她被警告晚上街上有危险，因而没有人陪同，这个女孩不敢出去。 “someone”与“accompany”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。 3Offered people food, housing and jobs is what a government should first consider after a natural disaster happens_答案：OfferedOffering 句意：在自然灾害发生后，给人们提供食物、住所和工作是政府应该首先考虑到的。从结构判断此处缺少主

19、语，应该用动名词形式。4After class, the teacher couldnt leave, surrounding by the students_答案：surroundingsurrounded 句意：下课后，老师无法离开，因为被学生们围住了。the teacher 与动词 surround 之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词作状语。5As is known, only work hard leads to happiness_答案：work working 句意：众所周知 ，只有努力工作才能获得幸福 。分析句子可知，此处作主语，表示一般性事实，故用 ving 形式。6Not rec

20、eived regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first_答案：Not 后加 having 句意：由于没有接受过正规的护理培训，起初她几乎无法应付这份工作。逻辑主语 she 与 receive 之间是主谓关系 ，用 ving形式。且 receive 发生在主句谓语动词之前 ，故用 having received, not 放在非谓语动词前。 7Seating at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes_答案：SeatingS

21、eated 句意：在房间的后面坐着一个害羞的女孩，这个女孩长着两只大眼睛。本句是一个倒装句，seated 为过去分词转化来的形容词作表语。 8Circumstances permit, he would not have cancelled the trip he had been longing for_答案：permitpermitting 句意：如果情况允许的话 ，他就不会取消他一直渴望的旅行了。这里用“名词现在分词”构成独立主格结构，相当于 If circumstances permit。9The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining

22、 table already laying for a meal to be cooked_答案：layinglaid with 复合结构的构成是“with宾语宾语补足语” ，由于 lay 与 table 之间是逻辑上的动宾关系 ，所以用过去分词 。10In order to make herself be noticed, she put on a red hat _答案：去掉 be 句意：为了让自己被注意到 ，她戴了一顶红色的帽子。make sb done “使某人被 ”。11The examinee who is caught cheated in the College Entranc

23、e Examination will get zero in this subject_答案：cheatedcheating 句意：在高考中，被抓到作弊的考生，所考科目将会得零分。这里是 catch sb doing 结构的被动形式，所以应把 cheated 改为cheating。12When Mrs Clarke was making tea, she heard the sound of the door be pushed open_答案：bebeing 句意：当克拉克夫人正在泡茶的时候，她听到门正在被推开的声音。hear sth being done “听见某事正在被做，听见某物正在被

24、” 。13Imagine getting better grades after improve your study habits_答案：improve improving 介词 after 后应用动名词形式 improving 作宾语。14He came in suddenly without permitted_答案：permitted 前加 being 句意：没有经过允许 ，他就突然进来了。主语he 和 permit 之间存在被动关系，且 without 后接动名词，因此应用动名词的被动形式 being permitted。15Comparing with Jims house, mi

25、ne is big_答案：ComparingCompared mine (my house)与 compare 之间存在被动关系，因此用过去分词 compared 作状语。非谓语动词( 一)一、非谓语动词的各种形式He is said to_be_studying abroad nowHe is said to_have_studied abroad for 3 yearsThe students went out of the classroom, laughing_and_talkingHaving_finished my homework, I went to bed二、非谓语动词作主语

26、1不定式作主语：往往表示一次性的、具体的动作，常用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式后置。2动名词作主语：往往表示一种概念、习惯或经验，有时也可用 it 作形式主语，但仅限于几个句型。It is a great honor to_be_invited_to_speak_herePlaying_the_piano is my hobby注意：it 作形式主语代替动名词，常出现在 It is no use/good doing , It is useful doing , It is a waste of time doing 等句型里。三、非谓语动词作宾语动词的不定式和动名词形式可以作宾语，但是不定

27、式一般不作介词的宾语，如果作介词宾语，不定式符号 to 前面往往有疑问词。1只跟不定式作宾语的动词(短语)afford, agree, decide, determine, expect, refuse, manage, hope, plan, want, fail, wish, ask, pretend, promise, happen, would like, set out 等。I cant afford_to_take_a_holiday this summer because of the projectHe determined_to_return_home early2只跟动名词

28、作宾语的动词(短语)advise, admit, advocate, allow, appreciate, avoid, enjoy, delay, deny, consider, miss, fancy, finish, forbid, practise, imagine, suggest, escape, resist, risk, mind, feel like, insist on, set about 等。It was fortunate that Jack narrowly escaped_being_killed in a traffic accidentDo you feel_

29、like_going_out for a walk?3跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，且意义差别不大的动词like, love, prefer, hate, begin, start, intend 等动词后面接动词不定式多指具体的动作；接动名词多指一般或习惯性行为。She started_playing/to_play the violin when she was four4跟不定式和动名词作宾语意义相同，但形式不同的动词在主语表示物的句子中，且作“需要”讲时，need, want, require 后接ving 形式和不定式形式所表示的意义相同，但是 ving 形式用主动式，不定式用被动式。

30、Your Tshirt needs_washing/to_be_washedMy bicycle wants_repairing/to_be_repaired5跟不定式和动名词作宾语均可，但是意义不同的动词tryError! meanError!forget/rememberError!regretError!go onError!stopError!cant helpError!限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1(2018全国卷 )You dont have to run fast or for long _ (see) the benefit答案：to see 句意：为了证实跑步的好处，你

31、不必跑得太快或者太久。用不定式作目的状语。2(2018全国卷 )You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of _ (die) early by running 答案：dying 作介词 of 的宾语，使用动名词，故填 dying。3(2019福建百所重点学校高三联考) _ (use) a different mental approach might help explain why people with math anxiety struggle more with complex problems 答案

32、：Using 根据空格和整个句子的结构可知， 此处缺少主语，故使用动名词 using 和后面的 a different mental approach 一起作主语，表示一种概念、习惯和经验。4(2018天津高考 )I need a new passport so I will have to have my photograph _ (take)答案：taken have sth done “让被做” ，photograph 与 take 之间为被动关系，故用 taken。5(2018全国卷 )I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid _

33、 (look) directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel _ (challenge)答案：looking; challenged avoid 后接动名词作宾语，avoid doing sth意为“避免做某事” 。feel 为系动词，后接形容词，此处表“被挑战的” ，修饰人，故用 challenged。6(2018全国卷 )He was just saying：“Im king of this forest, and here is your reminder！” Once his message was delivered, he allowed me

34、_ (stay) and watch答案：to stay 此处 allow sb to do sth是固定结构，意为“允许某人做某事” ，因此应填 to stay。7(2018浙江高考 )I still remember _ (visit) a friend whod lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadnt cooked once in all that time答案：visiting 此处作 remember 的宾语，由句意可知 ，后面应该使用visiting。8(2018浙江高考 )While

35、regularly eating out seems to _ (become) common for many young people in recent years, its not without a cost答案：have become 此处 seem to 后面跟动词原形，但是从后面的“in recent years”可知填不定式的完成式，故填 have become。9(2018北京高考 )_ (travel) along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience答案：Travel(l)ing 句意：

36、沿着丝绸之路旅游是一个有趣又有回报的经历。分析句子的结构，句子中缺少主语，故填 Travel(l)ing。10(2018北京高考 )During the MidAutumn Festival, family members often gather together _ (share) a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes答案：to share 句意：在中秋节期间，家人们经常聚集在一起来吃饭、赏月和吃月饼。句子的谓语是 gather，空格处用不定式作目的状语。 11(2018北京高考 )Ordinary soap, _ (use) corre

37、ctly, can deal with bacteria effectively答案：used 句意：普通肥皂，如果正确地使用，能够有效地对付细菌。空格处的动词 use 与前面的 soap 构成动宾关系，指肥皂被使用，故填 used。12(2019长春实验中学期末)Dont get _ (depress) by a big, longterm goalsee what steps you can take to achieve it 答案：depressed 句意：不要对宏伟长期的目标感到压抑看看你能采取什么措施实现这个目标。根据前面的 get 可知，此处是“get过去分词”的结构，故使用 d

38、epressed。13(2018天津高考 )I didnt mean _ (eat) anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldnt help _ (try) it答案：to eat; trying 句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但是这冰激凌看起来如此好以至于我忍不住吃了它。固定短语 mean to do “打算做” ， couldnt help doing “忍不住做” 。14(2018江苏高考 )Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _ (exceed) t

39、he expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts答案：exceeding 句意：在这期间，新增就业岗位约 13,500 个，超过市场分析师认为的预期数量 12,000。分析全句可知，这里指前一件事情所带来的自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填 exceeding。15(2017北京高考 )The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _ (range) from butterflies to elephants答案：ranging 句意：国家公园里有一大批的野生生物，从

40、蝴蝶到大象都有。根据语境可知，此处用现在分词形式作定语，表示“包括(从到)之间的各类事物” 。16(2017江苏高考 )Many Chinese brands, _ (develop) their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market答案：having developed 句意：很多中国的品牌，历经几个世纪树立了良好声誉，正在面临来自现代市场的新挑战。develop 的逻辑主语是 Many Chinese brands，两者之间为主动关系，同时后面有时间状语 over centu

41、ries，因此用现在分词的完成式，即 having done 的形式。17(2017天津高考 )The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _ (allow) more patients to be treated答案：allowing 句意：这家医院近期获得了新的医疗设备 ，这让更多的病人可以接受治疗。allow 与其逻辑主语 medical equipment 之间是主动关系，所以要用 ving 形式作结果状语。18(2017北京高考 )Jane moved aimlessly down the treelined s

42、treet, not _ (know) where she was heading答案：knowing 句意：简沿着绿树成荫的街道漫无目的地走着，不知道要去哪里。逻辑主语 Jane 与 know 之间是主动关系，且 know 表示的动作和句子谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，因此用现在分词 knowing，表伴随。19(2016全国卷 )My ambassadorial duties will include _ (introduce) British visitors to the 120plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre

43、in the misty mountains of Bifengxia答案：introducing 动词 include 后缺宾语，需用所给动词的动名词形式作宾语。20(2016全国卷 )If you find something you love doing outside of the office, youll be less likely _ (bring) your work home答案：to bring 句意：如果你在办公室外面发现了你喜欢做的事情，你就不太可能把工作带回家去做。be likely to do sth “可能做某事” 。21(2018湖南三校联考 )Former

44、Chinese premier Zhu Rongji is said _ (donate) nearly 40 million yuan of all of his books royalty (版税) income over the past two years答案：to have donated 由时间状语 over the past two years 可知，此处应用不定式的完成式。Sb be said to have done sth “据说某人已经做过某事” 。22(2018江西九江十校联考)But conservationists say that _ (make) ivory legal to sell would lead to even more il