2020年新课标通用高考英语一轮训练：专题一 语法基础考点四 名词和主谓一致

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1、考点四 名词和主谓一致限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1Barber shops have been opened in most big hotels in foreign countries, guests can go to the _ (barber) to have a haircut directly 答案：barbers 句意：国外大部分大的酒店都有理发店，客人可以直接去那里理发。the barbers 指 “理发店” ，故填 barbers。 2The Smiths _ (have) their breakfast when the morning post came 答案：w

2、ere having 在表示姓氏的专有名词词尾加 s，前面加 the，表示一家人，当这种形式作主语时，谓语动词用复数。根据语境，此处表示正在吃早餐，故填 were having。 3In recent years, Chinese arts have won the _ (appreciate) of a lot of people outside China答案：appreciation 句意：近年来 ，中国艺术赢得了许多国外人士的欣赏 。根据前面的 the 可知，后面使用名词 appreciation， 表示欣赏。4It was the natural disaster, rather t

3、han human errors, that _ (be) to blame for the death of so many innocent people答案：was 句意：是自然灾害，而不是人为错误，应对这么多无辜人的死亡负责。强调句型中强调的主语是“the natural disaster, rather than human errors”，谓语动词与主语保持一致。带有“rather than”的结构 ，谓语动词与前面的名词即the natural disaster 保持一致，故填 was。5Either you or one of your family members _ (be

4、) to attend the school sports meeting tomorrow and cheer on your kids答案：is 根据主语中的 either or 可知 ，谓语动词采取“就近原则” ，与“one of your family members”保持一致，故填 is。 6Jane realized her _ (ambitious) to become the first woman to run the 10,000 metres within 30 minutes答案：ambition 句意：简实现了成为第一个 30 分钟内跑完一万米的女子的抱负。根据前面的

5、形容词性物主代词可知，后面跟名词。ambition “野心，雄心” 。这里是指实现愿望。7Many young people plan to take _ (turn) to host parties in the coming holiday 答案：turns 句意：很多年轻人打算在即将到来的假期中轮流举行聚会。take turns to do sth是固定短语，意为“轮流做某事” ，故填 turns。8The teacher asks all the students to make _ (prepare) for the English class 答案：preparations 句意：

6、老师要求所有的学生们为英语课做准备。make preparations for “为做准备” ，是固定短语，故填 preparations。9My friends and I ordered two teas and five _ (coffee) when we had lunch 答案：coffees 句意：我和朋友们吃午饭的时候 ，点了两杯茶和五杯咖啡。此处 coffee 和前面的 tea 的用法一样，是可数名词，表示几杯茶或者咖啡，故填 coffees。10We have to admit the fact that this experiment is a complete _ (f

7、ail) 答案：failure 句意：我们不得不承认这次实验彻底失败了。根据空格前面的“a complete”可知，形容词修饰后面的名词，作定语 ，故填 failure。11The roofs of the rooms were covered with _ (leaf)答案：leaves 句意：房子的屋顶上被树叶覆盖了。以 f 或 fe 结尾的名词变复数有直接加 s 或变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加es 的两种形式 。常见的要去掉 f 或 fe 加ves 的词有 leaf, wife, life, knife, thief, half, self, shelf 和 wolf 等。12Wher

8、e to find the teacher and where to do the experiment _ (be) not known 答案：are 前面的主语由两个“疑问词不定式”构成，表示两个概念，谓语动词用复数。故填 are。13The knife and fork _ (be) on the table 答案：is 主语中 and 连接两个名词，表示一个整体概念 ，谓语动词用单数。故填 is。 14So far, more than one answer _ (give) to the question 答案：has been given 本句中“more than one单数名词

9、”作主语，意义表示“不止一个” ，但是谓语动词用单数形式，且句中有时间状语 so far 提示，句子应用现在完成时。故填 has been given。15These deer _ (be) small compared with other species of deer 答案：are deer 单复数形式相同 ，但是此句中有 these 修饰，故填 are。 16The teacher as well as the students who _ fond of football, _ playing together (be)答案：are; is 句意：那位老师和喜欢足球的同学们正在一起踢

10、足球 。 “who _ fond of football”是定语从句，修饰 the students，故第一空用复数形式的谓语动词。A as well as B 作主语，谓语动词与 A 保持一致，故第二空用单数形式。17My family _ (be) wellknown in the region now答案：is 句意：我的家现在在这个地区很有名气。本句中 family 强调整体，且有时间状语 now，故填 is。18Where did you two have your _ (stomach) examined?At our local hospital答案：stomachs 句意：你们

11、两个在哪儿检查的胃？在我们当地的一家医院。因为指的是两个人的胃，故用复数形式；又因为此单词中ch 的发音为/k/ ，所以变为复数时要在后面加s。在英语中 ，以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词变为复数要在其后加es， 但是 stomach 除外。19The old couple are pleased with their three _ (soninlaw)答案：sonsinlaw 句意：这对老夫妇对他们的三个女婿很满意。合成名词单数变成复数时，有主体名词时把主体名词变成复数。例如：soninlawsonsinlaw, lookeronlookerson, passerbypassersby

12、。20In our city, there are one million _ (grownup)答案：grownups 句意：在我们这座城市，有一百万成年人。grownup “成年人” ，为可数名词，应用其复数形式。在英语中，合成词变为复数时，如果没有主体名词，通常将最后一个词变为复数，因此答案为 grownups。21Our local government awards 5,000 dollars to four _ (woman) nurses and two _ (man) doctors答案：women; men 句意：我们当地政府把 5,000 美元奖给了四名女护士和两名男医生。

13、由 man 或 woman 作为第一部分而构成的复合名词变复数时，将两个部分皆变为复数形式。22Learning hard _ (be) very important to us students now答案：is 句意：现在努力学习对我们学生很重要。当主语为动名词/单个从句/to do 不定式时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。23In fact, the innovation is just one move in a huge project to improve Chinese teachers housing _ (condition) in recent years答案：condit

14、ions 句意：事实上，这项变革只是最近几年提高中国教师住房条件的大项目中的一小步。根据句意可知，应用名词复数形式conditions。condition 的复数形式表示 “(居住、工作等的 )环境，条件” 。24Water is valuable in the world but large amounts of water _ (be) wasted答案：are 句意：在世界上水是很宝贵的，但是许多水被浪费了。“amounts/quantities of不可数名词 ”作主语时， 谓语动词用复数形式。25A modern library is being built in our schoo

15、l so that we students will have _ (accessible) to good books答案：access 句意：我们学校正在建设一个现代化的图书馆，以便学生能够读到好书。access “接触的机会，使用权” ；have access to 固定词组，意为“可使用；可获得” ，符合句意。故空格处填 access。26Each man and each woman in the neighboring villages _ (have) a bad opinion of him, but he is spoken better of by the village

16、leaders答案：has 句意：邻近村庄的每个人都对他印象不好，但是村领导对他的评价较高。 “every and every ”， “each and each ”等结构作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；且根据后面的 is 可知，句子应用一般现在时。故空格处应填 has。27Is everyone here?Not yet Look, there _ (come) a guest!答案：comes 空格处所在句子为倒装句，a guest 作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式；此处叙述的是现在的事实，所以句子用一般现在时。故空格处应填comes。28Its said that a singer a

17、nd TV star _ (be) coming to give us a wonderful performance next Saturday答案：is 句意：据说一位歌唱家兼电视明星下星期六要来给我们做精彩的表演。and 连接两个名词 ，但共用一个冠词指同一人或者同一事物时，句子的谓语动词要用单数。故答案为 is。29The head teacher, together with his students, _ (be) planning to post the winning poems on the Campus Network答案：is 主语后接由 with, except, as

18、 well as, no less than, rather than, besides, together with, like, including, in addition to 等构成的短语时，谓语动词的单复数和主语的单复数保持一致。故空格处应填 is。30The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ (be) saved for other purposes答案：were 句意：这家工厂使用了 65%的原材料，其余的节省下来以作他用。后半句中的 the rest of which 中的 wh

19、ich 指的是 raw materials，所以谓语动词用复数；再结合主句中的时态可判断，正确答案为 were。二、单句改错1 “Thank you” mean you appreciate what someone has done for you, no matter how small it is _答案：meanmeans 本句中的主语是 Thank you 短语，表示单数意义，故谓语动词用单数，故将 mean 改为 means。 2I managed to climb out, but much to my shocking, one of my boys was missing _

20、答案：shockingshock 此处为“to ones抽象名词”结构，shocking 是一个形容词，故将 shocking 改为 shock。 3I have heard that English volunteers is wanted in the summer vacation _答案：is are 根据前面的主语 English volunteers 表示复数意义可知，谓语动词用复数，故将 is 改为 are。4We were very happy to help each other and have lots of funs _答案：funsfun fun 是一个不可数名词 ，

21、没有复数形式 ，故将 funs 改为fun。 5I come from New York and is having an enjoyable time in Beijing _答案：is am 句子的主语为 I，谓语动词应与 I 保持一致，故将 is 改为am。6In order to keep healthy, you have to refuse a variety of delicious snack and junk food _答案：snacksnacks snack 是一个可数名词，根据前面的 a variety of “大量的”可知，后用复数名词，故将 snack 改为 sna

22、cks。7Im one of the students who works hard in English and have won several prizes in some English contests _答案：workswork 定语从句的谓语动词与前面的先行词保持一致 ，即与the students 保持一致，故改为复数形式。8More than one worker have been sent to the training center to improve their working skills in the past three years_答案：havehas 句意

23、：在过去的三年中 ，不止一个工人被送到培训中心去提高他们的工作技能。more than one “不止一个” ，从意义上讲它表示复数，但作主语时，谓语习惯用单数。9A recent survey shows that the number of children who come from the countryside with their parents are nearly 320,000 in Beijing_答案：areis 句意：最近的一项研究表明 ，在北京和父母一起从农村来的孩子的数量将近 320,000。 “the number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而“a

24、number of名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。10The computer system crashed and I lost three hours worth of work_答案：hourshours 句意：电脑系统瘫痪了，我三个小时做的工作都白费了。三个小时为复数概念，因此 hour 应用复数形式。以 s 结尾的名词复数的所有格形式直接加即可。11On the contrary, I think it is Truman, rather than you, are to blame_答案：areis 当主语是介词 with, together with, along with,

25、 as well as, like, but, rather than, including 等连接的两个名词或代词时，谓语动词应与第一个名词或代词的数保持一致。12However, the grass under our foot is green enough_答案：footfeet 由修饰语 our 可知，foot 应改为其复数形式，foot 的复数形式为不规则变化，即 feet。13Bill was standing at the side of the car, talking to two men who was helping him to repair it_答案：第二个 wa

26、swere 因先行词 two men 是复数概念，所以定语从句的谓语动词也应用复数。14In the last 25 years, the population of Singapore have doubled to more than five million_答案：havehas 句意：在过去的 25 年里，新加坡的人口翻了一番，达到 500 多万人。此处的 population 为集合名词，可以看成一个整体，故谓语动词用单数。15Each student should make good preparation for the College Entrance Examination_

27、答案：preparationpreparations preparation 意为“准备工作，筹备工作”时，为可数名词；make preparations for “为 做准备” ，固定搭配。名词一、单数可数名词变为复数形式的规则1规则变化一般情况下，在词尾直接加s；以s, x, sh, ch(ch发音为t 时)结尾的在词尾加es；以辅音字母y 结尾的，把 y 变成 i，再加es；以f 或fe 结尾的多数变 f 或 fe 为 v 再加es。2不规则变化(1)变内部元音footfeet 脚 manmen 男人womanwomen 女人 toothteeth 牙goosegeese 鹅 gentl

28、emangentlemen 绅士(2)单复数同形的名词sheep 绵羊 deer 鹿Chinese 中国人 Japanese 日本人Swiss 瑞士人 means 方法series 系列 species 种类works 工厂 head 头(量词 )(3)常以复数形式出现的名词clothes 衣服 glasses 眼镜chopsticks 筷子 trousers 裤子 goods 商品；货物 contents 目录sands 沙滩 woods 树林times 时代 lines 台词 surroundings 环境 belongings 财产earnings 收入 arms 武器 manners

29、礼貌 forces 军队(4)有两种复数形式的名词peopleError! fishError!(5)集体名词的数只表示复数意义的集体名词people 人，人们 police 警察 cattle 牛侧重成员时表示复数意义，侧重整体时表示单数意义的集体名词这类集体名词侧重于成员时，表示复数意义，不再变复数形式；侧重整体时表示单数意义，表示多个这样的集体时有复数变化形式。class 班级 family 家庭 team 队public 大众 army 军队 government 政府二、名词所有格1s 所有格表示人或其他有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加s 或，表示所有关系。my_sisters tele

30、phone number 我姐姐的电话号码(1)表示两者或多者各自的所有关系时，分别在每个名词的词尾加s 或；表示两者或多者共有时，在最后一个名词词尾加s 或 。Toms_and_Jims fathers 汤姆的父亲和吉姆的父亲Tom_and_Jims father 汤姆和吉姆的父亲(2)表示店铺、办公室或某人的家时，名词所有格后被修饰的名词一般省略。at the_barbers 在理发店at my_uncles 在我叔叔家2of 所有格表示无生命的事物的名词通常用 of 所有格表示所有关系；名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用 of 所有格。the window of_the_room

31、房间的窗户3双重所有格三、名词作定语名词作定语往往是说明被修饰词的材料、用途、类别等，作定语的名词通常用单数。gold chain 金链子 coffee cup 咖啡杯mountain village 山村 winter holiday 寒假限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1(2019双鸭山市第一中学高三月考)Neither you nor I nor anybody else _ (know) anything about it now答案：knows 根据前面的 neither nor 结构，谓语动词采取就近原则，故与 anybody else 保持一致，且由 now 可知，此处描述现在的

32、事实，故填 knows。 2(2018全国卷 )This switch has decreased _ (pollute) in the countrys major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people答案：pollution 根据前面的“This switch has decreased”后面缺少宾语可知，此处使用名词作宾语，故填 pollution。3(2018全国卷 )My name is Mireya Mayor Im a _ (science) who studies animals such a

33、s apes and monkeys答案：scientist 此处介绍“我”的身份是一位科学家。因此应填scientist。 4(2018浙江高考 )Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook Making Chinese _ (dish) is seen as especially troublesome答案：dishes 名词 dish 前面没有冠词，故用复数形式，但是后面的谓语动词是 is，主语为 making Chinese dishes 动名词短语 。5(2018浙江高考 )Researchers have f

34、ound that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in _ (weigh) problems答案：weight weight problems “体重问题” ，需要把所给的动词变成名词weight，修饰后面的名词。 6(2018全国卷 )Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages _ (be) close to extinction (消亡), with only a few elder

35、ly speakers left答案：are 根据前面的主语“400 of the total of 6,800 languages”指 6,800 种语言中的 400 多种语言，意思是复数，故填 are。 7(2018江苏高考 )When most people think of the arts, they imagine the end product, the beautiful painting, a wonderful piece of music, or an awardwinning _ (perform) in the theatre答案：performance 根据前面的“

36、an awardwinning”可知，后面修饰名词，故填 performance。 8(2018北京高考 )The coming technological advancement _ (present) a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systems designed to move more people, and more affordably答案：presents 主语“The coming technological advancement”是单数，故谓语动词也用单数形式，填 presents。9(20

37、18天津高考 )_ (curious) gave us all a natural awareness答案：Curiosity 根据空格的位置和后面的谓语动词可知，此处缺少主语，故填 Curiosity。10(2018天津高考 )On top of that, most of the 3D food _ (print) now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad答案：printers 根据“most of”可知，后面使用复数名词，故填 printers。11(20

38、18浙江高考 )Among the bag makers _ (argue): many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags, which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport答案：arguments 根据前面的“the bag makers”是一个名词所有格，后面使用名词形式，且此处指复数概念，故填 arguments。12(2018江苏高考 )What starts as fun usage of apps

39、 _ (turn) into tremendous pressure in real social media interaction at secondary school答案：turns 分析句子的结构可知，主语是一个由 what 引导的主语从句，故谓语动词使用单数形式。13(2018北京高考 )The _ (arrive) of driverless vehicles is a chance to make sure that those vehicles are environmentally friendly and more shared答案：arrival 根据前面的定冠词 th

40、e 可知，后面使用名词形式，故填arrival。 14(2017全国卷 )Now all that was needed _ (be) the parents, but they were absent答案：were 句意：现在最需要的就是父母，但是父母都不在。因为表语为 parents，并且要时态一致 ，因此答案为 were。15(2017全国卷 )Moran says one of the problems with Jazz today _ (be) that the entertainment aspect of the music has been lost答案：is 句意：莫兰说今

41、天爵士乐其中的一个问题是音乐的娱乐性丢失。当“one of 名词复数”作主语时 ，谓语动词用单数形式 。16(2017全国卷 )My entire family is hearing and so _ (be) all my friends答案：are 句意：我全家都有听觉，我所有的朋友也都有听觉。 “sobe/助动词/情态动词主语”指前者的情况也适合于后者；主语为 my friends，根据时态一致原则，答案是 are。17(2017全国卷 )Fat and salt _ (be) very important parts of a diet答案：are 句意：脂肪和盐是饮食中的重要部分。主

42、语为 fat and salt，表示复数概念，谓语动词应用复数。18(2017全国卷 )Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack (吃点心) between _ (meal) and will improve the taste of your food答案：meals 句意：饭菜中充足的脂肪和盐会降低零食对你的诱惑，并且会改善食物的味道。这里指两餐之间，故用复数形式。19(2017全国卷 )Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned

43、 the _ (instructor) orders答案：instructors 句意：上车之前 ，我原本认为我已经掌握了教练的指令 。表所有关系，在名词后直接加s。20(2017全国卷 )_ (interrupt) are one of the worst things to deal with while youre trying to get work done答案：Interruptions 句意：当你努力完成工作的时候，受到打扰是你要应对的最坏的事情之一。作主语，需要用 interrupt 的名词形式 interruption，且由系动词 are 可知 ，要用其复数形式 interruptions。21(2019中央民大附中月考)Email, as well as telephones, _ (play) an important part in daily communication答案：is playing 句意：电子邮件，还有电话在日常生活中起着很重要的作用。主语后接由 as well as 构成的短语时，句子的谓语动词要和主语的单复数和