2020年新课标通用高考英语一轮训练：专题一 语法基础考点一 冠词

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1、专题一 语法基础考点一 冠词限时 25 分钟一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要的画“/”1_ tiger is _ dangerous animal答案：The; a 句意：老虎是一种危险的动物。第二空表泛指用 a；表种类可以用 a/an 或 the，为了避免重复，第一空须用定冠词 the 表示类指。2Jim, _ student, is studying hard答案：a a student 作为同位语使用，表泛指，对 Jim 进行解释说明。3I dont think the experiment is _ failure At least we have gained _ experience

2、for future success答案：a; / failure 表示“失败”的概念时，是不可数名词；表示具体的“失败的人或事物”时，则为可数名词。类似的单词还有：danger, surprise, pleasure, success, honour, difficulty 等。experience 作“经历”讲时，是可数名词；作“经验”讲时，是不可数名词。4George couldnt remember when he first met Mr Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ chur

3、ch答案：a; / 句意：乔治不记得他是什么时候初见安德森先生的，但是他确定那是一个星期天，因为大家都在做礼拜。第一空用 a 表示泛指；at church “做礼拜” ，at the church “在教堂” 。5Of the two poems, I like the shorter one better I think its really _ most interesting one答案：a 该空泛指一首非常有趣的诗。most 相当于 very，表示“非常” 。6Exploring _ space is exciting, yet dangerous答案：/ space 意为“太空”时是

4、抽象名词，其前不用冠词。7There was _ chair by the window On _ chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms答案：a; the 句意：窗户旁边有一把椅子。椅子上坐着一位年轻妇女，怀里抱着一个婴儿。第一空表泛指，故用不定冠词 a；第二空指上文提到的那把椅子，应用定冠词 the。8All the fellow workers were shocked by the news that Bob was appointed _ director of the factory答案：/ 句意：所有工友对于鲍勃被任命为工厂

5、主管的这一消息感到很震惊。表职位或官衔的名词作补语时，前面多不带冠词。9I cant tell you _ way to the Wilsons because we dont have _ Wilson here in the village答案：the; a 句意：我无法告诉你去往威尔逊家的路，因为我们村子里没有一个叫威尔逊的人。way 后面有介词短语作定语，是特指，因此 way 前应用定冠词；表示人名的专有名词 Wilson 在此泛指“一个叫威尔逊的人” ，所以其前用不定冠词。10Tom is _ taller of the two boys答案：the 当用于比较级前表示“两者中较的”

6、时，应用定冠词the。11I fell in love with the city _ first time I came here答案：the 句意：我第一次来这里的时候就爱上了这座城市。在序数词first 前应用定冠词 the。12The man caught the thief by _ arm答案：the 句意：那人抓住了小偷的胳膊。 “动词sb 介词the身体部位”为固定结构，故应填 the。13He was born in _ 1990s when his mother worked in a factory答案：the 句意：他出生于二十世纪九十年代，那时他的母亲在一家工厂工作。

7、the 1990s “二十世纪九十年代” ，在表示世纪、年代的词前应用定冠词the。14Henry pretended not to know me, but in _ fact, we were good friends答案：/ in fact 是固定短语，意为“事实上，实际上” ，应用零冠词。15Mary can play _ violin well, but she cant play _ piano答案：the; the 句意：玛丽小提琴拉得好，但她不会弹钢琴。西洋乐器名词与 play 连用时，名词前应用定冠词 the。16Youd better go abroad by _ plan

8、e so as to get there earlier答案：/ 表示交通工具的名词与 by 连用时，名词前不用冠词。17We have no classes on _ Sunday, so we often go to play _ football答案：/; / 句意：我们星期日不上课，因此我们经常去踢足球。表示星期、球类的名词前通常不用冠词。18_ moon travels around _ earth答案：The; the 句意：月亮围着地球转。表示世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词 the。19Telling Chinese stories well is _ effective way

9、 to raise _ influence of Chinese culture答案：an; the 句意：讲好中国故事是提高中国文化影响力的有效途径。effective 是一个元音音素开头的单词，前面使用 an; influence 后面有定语 of Chinese culture，故特指中国文化的影响力。20In _ era when everyone is from the media, the Internet live broadcast area needs to maintain integrity and become a window into good social tre

10、nds答案：an 句意：在一个每个人都来自媒体的时代，网络直播需要保持它的诚实性和成为一个通向良好社会趋势的窗口。空格后面的 era 是一个元音音素开头的单词，且此处表泛指，故填 an。21You might not hear any gunshot, but the US has started war against China_ biggest trade war in economic history答案：the 句意：你可能没有听到枪声，但是美国已经发动了对中国的战争经济史上最大的贸易战。根据后面的形容词最高级可知，前面使用 the。22In my opinion, we shoul

11、d head east, though the arrow on the sign points to _ west答案：the 方位词 east, west, south, north 等既可以用作副词也可以用作名词。该句 head east 结构中， east 用作副词，修饰动词 head。空格处在介词to 之后， west 在此用作名词。方位名词前通常用定冠词 the。23Janes grandmother had wanted to write _ childrens book for many years, but one thing or another always got in

12、 _ way答案：a; the 句意：多年来，简的奶奶想写一本有关儿童的书，但总是被这样或那样的事情阻碍了。第一空使用不定冠词表泛指，第二空 in the way 是固定搭配，意为“挡道”或“阻碍” 。24Last weekend I went fishing with _ Smiths We had a good time答案：the 句意：上周末，我和史密斯夫妇去钓鱼了。我们玩得很高兴。姓氏的复数之前用定冠词 the 表示一家人或夫妇俩。25The website asks visitors to join in the movement to reduce _ number of ill

13、iterate people in the world答案：the 句意： 该网站请求网站的访问者参加这项活动以减少世界上文盲的数量。the number of 意为“的数量” 。26Many Internet users make _ most of the halfprice promotion and it is a good opportunity for online shopkeepers to get their names known 答案：the 句意：许多网络用户会最大限度地利用半价销售活动，并且这对于网络商家来说也是一次让他们的店铺出名的好机会。 make the mos

14、t of “充分利用” ，为固定搭配。27Studies in China have shown that a person who can write well should have _ good knowledge of between 3,000 and 4,000 characters答案：a 句意：在中国的研究证明一个能够写得好的人，应当熟练地掌握3,000 到 4,000 个汉字。have a good knowledge of “精通，熟练掌握” ，为固定搭配。28The more learned a man is, _ more modest he usually becom

15、es 答案：the “the 比较级 ，the比较级 ”为固定结构，表示 “越，越” 。29Mr Smith asked you to repeat _ phone number _ second time so that he could set it down 答案：the; a 第一空特指双方都知道的东西，要用定冠词 the；第二空表示“再一次” ，要用 a second time。30The Spring Festival is _ special holiday for most Chinese when the whole family will get together 答案：a

16、 句意： 春节对于大多数中国人来说是个特殊的节日，那时全家人会聚在一起。 holiday 作“假日，节日”讲时是可数名词，此处表示泛指，故用不定冠词 a。二、单句改错1Miss Zhang teaches the physics to all the students from different grades in the school _答案：去掉第一个 the 此处 physics “物理” ，是一个表学科的名词，前面不用冠词。2I have learned it for almost half month _答案：half 后加 a 此处表示“半个月”应该使用 half a month

17、。3It is not rare in 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education_答案：1990s 前加 the 在表示世纪、年代的词前要加定冠词 the。4The building was set up in a September of 1990_答案：athe 此处特指 1990 年的 9 月，故应用定冠词 the。5A beggar though Bob is, he is generous to the poor_答案：A beggarBeggar 当 though

18、/as 引导让步状语从句且从句中的表语前置时，如果表语是单数可数名词，前面的冠词要省去。6On the Earth Day, my classmates and I decided to do something for our school _答案：去掉 the Earth Day 是一个节日名词，前面通常不加冠词。少数节日前面加 the，如农历八月十五中秋节(the MidAutumn Festival)，农历九月初九重阳节(the Double Ninth Festival)。7This is a most interesting film that I have ever seen_答

19、案：athe 根据句意可知，此处表示“我看过的最有趣的电影” 。“themost多音节形容词(名词)”为多音节形容词的最高级形式，表示“最” 。8We had wonderful supper in a small Indian place_答案：wonderful 前加 a 表示三餐的名词前一般不用冠词 ，但是当表示三餐的名词前有修饰语时，前面需加不定冠词。9We can use the library around a clock since it opens 365 days a year and 24 hours a day _答案：第一个 athe 此处 around the clo

20、ck “昼夜不停 ”，是一个固定词组。10Apples are sold by the weight and coal is sold by the ton_答案：去掉第一个 the the 常用于表时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/day/week/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是 size/weight/time 这类名词跟by 连用时不加冠词。11At that time, I was having a trouble studying English and my scores fell _答案：去掉 a 此处 have troubl

21、e (in) doing sth “做某事有困难” ，是一个固定词组。12I have been a English guide for two years after graduation _答案：aan 此处 English 是一个元音音素开头的单词，故将 a 改为 an。13The classroom is on fourth floor_答案：fourth 前加 the 序数词前加定冠词 the 表示“第几” 。14Remember you only have one chance, that is, you will never get the second one _答案：thea

22、 此处 a 用在序数词前面表示“又一，再一”的意思。15The secondhand car is still in a good condition_答案：去掉 a in good condition “状况良好” ，为固定搭配，中间不用冠词。不定冠词和定冠词一、不定冠词的用法1不定冠词后面的单词的发音是以辅音音素开头时，不定冠词用 a。例如：a student, a European country。而不定冠词后面的单词的发音是以元音音素开头时，不定冠词用 an。例如： an apple, an honest boy。2表类别或泛指。A child needs not only food

23、and clothes, but love as well3当抽象名词表示具体的人或事物时(即抽象名词具体化)，前面用不定冠词。The party held last weekend was a great success4表示“一”或“每一”概念。Tom drives his car at 60 miles an hour5表示不明身份或说话人不清楚的人或事物。常译作“一个叫的人/物” 。A Smith called you just now6不表示比较意义的形容词最高级前可用不定冠词。Hiking is a most interesting outdoor activity7不表示顺序而是

24、表示“又一，再一”的序数词前用不定冠词。They have a second house in the country8knowledge/grasp/command/collection/understanding 等抽象名词后接 of 时，前面用不定冠词。He has a good knowledge of English9独一无二的事物前有修饰成分时可用不定冠词。a full moon 一轮满月 a brandnew world 一个崭新的世界10表示三餐、星期、月份、季节等的名词前有形容词修饰或表示特定含义时前用不定冠词。I remember it was on a rainy Mon

25、day that he left his hometown11不定冠词的特殊位置：不定冠词与 such/what 连用时，习惯上置于它们之后；当一个单数可数名词前有 rather/quite 修饰时，不定冠词习惯上放在这些词之后。I never meet such a kind teacher like herIt was rather a success二、定冠词的用法1特指双方都知道的或上文中提到的人或物。What a pity that you couldnt be there to receive the prize!2用在形容词或分词前，表一类人或物。Many of the inju

26、red are still in a serious condition3用在姓氏名词的复数形式前，表示一家人或夫妇俩。I paid a visit to the Turners last week4用在方位名词、西洋乐器名词和宇宙中独一无二的事物前。the east 东部 play the piano 弹钢琴the universe 宇宙 the moon 月亮5用在序数词、比较级(两者相比较，表示特指的时候)、最高级和形容词only, very (恰好的), same 前。Its the first time that I have been to ChinaWhich story is

27、the more interesting of the two?We were the only people there6用于固定结构“动词sb介词the身体部位 ”中。hit sb in the face/on the nose 打某人的脸/鼻子7用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。The foreigners who come to China all want to travel to the Great Wall8用在表示世纪、年代的词前。The book was published in the 1980s9the 用于表示时间或度量单位的名词前，如：by the hour/day/w

28、eek/month/year/dozen/yard/ton/kilo，但是 size/weight/time 这些名词跟by 连用时不加冠词。Workers are usually paid by_the_hourThese goods are sold by_weight10用在江、河、海洋、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前。The Yangtze River is what I want to visit most定冠词用法口诀特指、熟悉和重提，复数姓氏、最高级；独一无二和年代，序数词、方位和乐器；普通名词专有化，固定结构要牢记。三、含有冠词的某些固定短语make the best/mo

29、st of 充分利用by the way 顺便说一下in the way 挡道on the spot 在现场on the whole 总的来说all of a sudden 突然for the time being 暂时in a word 总而言之do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙in a low voice 低声地in a hurry 匆忙限时 25 分钟一、用适当的冠词填空，不需要的画“/”1(2018全国卷 )Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _ past 25 years, while rice has inc

30、reased only 7 percent答案：the 根据后面的“past 25 years”可知，是在过去的 25 年的时间内，属于特指的时间，故填 the。2(2019广东省高三 “六校联盟”第一次联考)To her amazement, her son was grateful for her willingness to call and offered _ apology of his own答案：an 此处空格后面的 apology 属于读音是以元音音素开头的单词，根据语境，强调给予他个人的道歉，故使用 an。3(2018全国卷 )We may think were _ cult

31、ure that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new答案：a a culture 泛指一种文化。4(2018全国卷 )Many of us love July because its _ month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance答案：the 后面的 when 引导定语从句，修饰前面的先行词 month，属于特指的一个月份。5(2018北京高考 )When I started running in

32、my 30s, I realized running was _ battle against myself, not about competition or whether or not I was athletic 答案：a 句意：当我 30 多岁开始跑步的时候，我意识到跑步是一场对抗自己的战役，不是一场竞争，与我是否健壮也没多大关系。此处 a 表示“一场，一次” ，具有数量的意思。6(2018天津高考 )Relearning _ art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice a

33、nd requires breaking some bad habits答案：the 句意：重新学习观察我们周围世界的艺术非常简单，尽管这需要练习并要求改掉一些旧习惯。特指“的艺术” ，故使用 the。 7(2018浙江高考 )They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use _ same reusable bags for years答案：the 根据空格后面的 same 可知，前面使用定冠词 the。8(2018江苏高考 )In _ 1760s, Mathurin Roze opened a s

34、eries of shops that boasted (享有) a special meat soup called consomm答案：the 年代和世纪前面使用定冠词 the，属于固定用法。9(2017全国卷 )Some of the worlds most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate _ first annual International Jazz Day答案：the 序数词前要用定冠词 the 表示顺序。10(2017全国卷 )I got a rescue call

35、 from _ woman in Muttontown She had found a young owl (猫头鹰) on the ground答案：a 此处第一次提到 woman，表泛指，故用不定冠词 a。11(2017全国卷 )Developed by two doctors in _ US Department of Agriculture, its _ excellent water collector答案：the; an US Department of Agriculture 是由普通名词构成的专有名词，前面用定冠词 the; collector 是单数可数名词，并且表泛指 ，且

36、 excellent 的发音以元音音素开头，故前面用不定冠词 an。12(2017浙江高考 )For Pahlsson, its return was _ wonder答案：a 此处 wonder 属抽象名词具体化，前面要用 a。a wonder 指“一个奇迹” 。13(2018山西长治二中等五校一联)My son is in _ hurry to leave anyway答案：a 句意：不管怎样，我儿子急着离开。in a hurry to do sth 为固定短语，意为“急于做某事” 。14(2018江西新余一中 、宜春一中联考)Copenhagen became _ capital of

37、Denmark in 1445答案：the 句意：1445 年，哥本哈根成为丹麦的首都。capital 在本句中表示特指，故设空处填 the。15(2016全国卷 )The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed, _ other is with mumshe never suspects答案：the 句意：护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下，这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候，另一个是和妈妈在一起的她从不怀疑。one , the othe

38、r 意为“一个，另一个” 。16(2018甘肃西北师大附中月考)I am _ reporter from the New York Times答案：a 句意：我是来自纽约时报的一名记者。泛指一名记者，用不定冠词。17(2019大连六校联考 )I consider myself very lucky because I was _ only one of my friends who had his dad around答案：the only 前一般用定冠词，表示“唯一的” 。18(2018广州模拟 )It was _ great shock to the girl when word came

39、 that her close friend died in the severe earthquake of Haiti答案：a shock 意为“震惊；打击 ”，此处被形容词 great 修饰，是抽象名词具体化的用法，表示“一件很震惊的事” ，所以用不定冠词。19(2018绵阳二诊 )_ Mr Li is now waiting for you on the first floor答案：A 不定冠词用于姓名或姓氏前表示泛指， 意为“有个；某一” 。20(2018徐州模拟 )Andrew: Was _ movie as good as you expected?Linda: It was r

40、eally a waste of time and money I should have stayed at home答案：the 此处表示谈话双方均知道的电影，故用定冠词 the。21(2019河南省巩义市高中毕业班模拟)To ease the worldwide communication among nations, we should create _ common language and provide courses of it答案：a 句意：为了缓解世界上各个国家之间的交流障碍，我们应该创建一种共同的语言，并提供课程。此处表示泛指一种共同的语言，故使用 a。22(2018济南

41、模拟 )Nowadays _ certain limit should be set on the use of cars to reduce air pollution答案：a 空格后的 certain 意为“某种” ，通常与不定冠词连用。23(2019厦门模拟 )Rosy came in for _ coffee and told me the firecrackers outside kept her awake last night答案：a 句意：罗西进来点了一杯咖啡，告诉我昨晚外面的鞭炮声吵得她一直睡不着。coffee 为不可数名词 ，但是当表示“ 点单”时，可以用 a coffee

42、, two coffees 代替 a cup of coffee, two cups of coffee， 故此处用不定冠词。24(2018陕西模拟 )Lily: When do you usually work?Black: Well, on most days I work until 5 pm, but on Fridays I can leave _ hour earlier答案：an 此处不定冠词表示数量， an hour 相当于 one hour; hour 的发音是以元音音素开头的，因此其前用不定冠词 an。25(2018安徽芜湖 、马鞍山质检)Most seriously, r

43、elying on smartphones to make friends does not give us _ same advantage as making new friends in the real world答案：the 句意：最严重的是，依赖智能手机交友并不能给我们带来与在现实世界交友同样的益处。the same as 意为“与/ 和一样的” 。26(2019肇庆市蓝精灵中学高三月考)If you are interested in _ certain article or you think it of great importance, you can download and store it for future use答案：a 空格后面的 certain 表示“某种，某一” ，通常与不定冠词 a 连用，构成 a certain 修饰后面的名词。27(2018全国卷 )Unexpectedly, Im facetoface with the gorilla, who beg