2020年新课标通用高考英语一轮训练：专题三 阅读理解考点二十 史地人文类

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1、考点二十 史地人文类A限时 8 分钟The Nazca Lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs (地画) in the Nazca Desert, in southern Peru It is ranging from geometric patterns to drawings of different animals and stylized humanlike forms The ancient lines can only be truly taken in from high in the air, leaving generati

2、ons puzzled as to how these precise works could have been completed long before the documented invention of human flightThe Lines were first spotted when commercial airlines began flying across the Peruvian desert in the 1920s Who built them and what was their purpose? Are they roads, star pointers,

3、 maybe even a gigantic map? If the people who lived here 2,000 years ago had only a simple technology, how did they manage to construct such precise figures? Did they have a plan? These markings are like a vast puzzleThe Nazca Lines are the most outstanding group of geoglyphs in the world There are

4、also huge geoglyphs in Egypt, Malta, the United States (Mississippi and California), Chile, Holivia and in other countries But the Nazca geoglyphs, because of their numbers, characteristics, dimensions and cultural continuity as they were made and remade throughout a certain history period, form the

5、 most impressive archeological (考古学的) groupThe Nazca plain is unique for its ability to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate (one of the driest on Earth, with only twenty minutes of rainfall per year) and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect of the wind a

6、t ground level With no dust or sand to cover the plain and little rain or wind to erode (腐蚀) it, lines drawn here tend to stay drawn These factors, combined with the existence of lightercolored subsoil beneath the desert surface, provide a vast writing pad that is suited to the artist who wants to l

7、eave his mark eternal1What can we know about the Nazca Lines from the first two paragraphs?AThey are built as a big mapBThey are formed by natureCThey are ancient lines in caves DThey are huge markings in a desert答案：D 细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“The Nazca Lines are a series of large ancient geoglyphs (地画 ) in th

8、e Nazca Desert, in southern Peru ”及下文对The Nazca Lines 图案和发现过程的具体介绍可知，the Nazca Lines 是出现在秘鲁南部 Nazca 沙漠的大型古代地画 ，故选 D。2How many factors make the Nazca Lines the most impressive?AOne BTwo CThree DFour 答案：D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句中的 “because of their numbers, characteristics, dimensions and cultural continuity

9、, form the most impressive”可知，四个因素使得这些地画给人留下极为深刻的印象，故选 D。3Why are the Nazca Lines well preserved?ABecause of the wind at ground levelBBecause of the existence of soft soilCBecause of the climate and geographyDBecause of the thick sand on the top答案：C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The Nazca plain is unique for its a

10、bility to preserve the markings upon it, due to the combination of the climate (one of the driest on Earth, with only twenty minutes of rainfall per year) and the flat, stony ground which minimizes the effect of the wind at ground level ”可知，因为这里干燥少雨的气候和平坦多石的地形使地画能很好地保留下来，故选 C。4What does the underlin

11、ed word “eternal” probably mean?ANonstop BEverlasting CReallife DHighend答案：B 词义猜测题。最后一句指这些因素，加上沙漠表面下浅色底土的存在，给想要永久留下印记的艺术家提供了一个巨大的书写板。eternal “永恒的” ，和 everlasting 同义 ，故选 B。B限时 8 分钟For most of us Veterans Day just means a chance to enjoy an extra day off from school or work However this November 11th,

12、 be sure to spend a few minutes on its true purpose, by acknowledging (感谢) the men and women who have served in our armed forcesAnd you dont have to stop at just this one day Join the over 10,000 youth members of the Young Marines group that honor these brave men and women all year long with special

13、 events and completely spoil them for an entire week, from November 4th to 11th, by visiting hospitalized veterans, performing chores for disabled veterans and even organizing communitywide social events The program open to kids ranging from the age of eight all the way to high school, is a great wa

14、y to not only show your appreciation, but also get a chance to do some fun activities with likeminded kids and make a real difference in a veterans lifePeople often believe that Memorial Day and Veterans Day are celebrated for the same reason There is however a subtle but important difference betwee

15、n the two While both honor our military personnel, the former is a day to remember and pay respect to all the men and women that died serving our country in a war, while Veterans Day is to celebrate the soldiers who are still alive and served in the forces at any time, during peace or warThough seve

16、ral other countries celebrate this day in honor of their own veterans, the meaning is slightly different from each one Some like the United Kingdom, celebrate it in honor of all soldiersliving or dead, while others like Canada celebrate it to honor all living veterans They also call it different nam

17、es France and New Zealand still call it Armistice Day In the United Kingdom, Australia and Canada it is referred to as Remembrance Day, while Malta and South Africa celebrate it as Poppy DayNo matter what it is called, the reason for observing the day is the sameto show our appreciation to the brave

18、 men and women who sacrifice (牺牲) everything to make this world a safer place for the rest of us5What can kids do at the Young Marines group program? AOrganize parties for disabled veteransBHelp take care of sick veteransCShare stories with veterans and other kidsDEntertain veterans by singing and d

19、ancing答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“by visiting hospitalized veterans, performing chores for disabled veterans and even organizing community-wide social events”可知，孩子们也可以帮助照顾生病的老兵。6What can we learn about Memorial Day? AIt is another name for Veterans DayBIt is a service in remembrance of war deadCIt is obse

20、rved on November 11th every yearDIt honors soldiers who are serving in the military答案：B 细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的“the former is a day to remember and pay respect to all the men and women that died serving our country in a war”可知，这个节日是为了纪念在战争中为国家捐躯的人们。7Whats the main purpose of Veterans Day?ATo celebrate Ameri

21、cas success in world warsBTo let people have one more day offCTo organize fun activities for school childrenDTo show respect for soldiers contributions答案：D 推理判断题。根据第三段尾句中的“Veterans Day is to celebrate the soldiers who are still alive and served in the forces at any time, during peace or war”和最后一段内容可

22、知，尽管各个国家称呼 Veterans Day 的方式有所不同，但主要目的都是为了表达对勇敢的士兵们的敬意。8What is Paragraph 4 mainly about? AThe origin of Veterans DayBThe history of Veterans DayCVeterans Day observanceDVeterans Day around the world答案：D 段落大意题。由第四段内容可知，本段介绍了几个国家向老兵们表达敬意的节日。C限时 7 分钟Black Friday is the Friday following Thanksgiving Day

23、 in the United States It has been regarded as the beginning of the holiday shopping season Although its not an official holiday, millions of employers give their employees the day off, and many people use that day to get a jumpstart on their holiday shopping A similar day in Canada and the Great Bri

24、tain is called “Boxing Day”Black Friday has become somewhat of a marketing sensation in recent years Since 2005, it has been the busiest shopping day of the year To lure shoppers, retailers (零售商) routinely open their doors as early as 4 am and offer special sales and promotions to the shoppers that

25、arrive early Some of the special deals offered by stores are only available in limited quantities That is why some shoppers intent on getting the best deals often camp out in front of stores overnight so that theyll be the first in line when the doors openBut why Black Friday? Historians believe the

26、 name started in Philadelphia in the mid1960s Bus drivers and police used “Black Friday” to describe the heavy traffic that would block city streets the day after Thanksgiving as shoppers headed to the storesBusinesses, however, didnt like the negative tone associated with the “Black Friday” name In

27、 the early 1980s, a more positive explanation of the name began to circulate According to this alternative explanation, Black Friday is the day when retailers finally begin to turn a profit for the year In accounting terms (会计说法), operating at a loss is called being “in the red” because accountants

28、traditionally used red ink to show negative amounts Positive amounts were usually shown in black ink Thus， being “in the black” is a good thing because it means stores are operating at a profitRecently, for those who are too busy to shop on Black Friday or who just dont want to fight the crowds, the

29、 Monday following Black Friday has become known as Cyber Monday (网络星期一 ) for the many online deals9On Black Friday, the Americans _Adont have to go to work as usual Blook exactly like the CanadiansCare usually busy doing shopping Dstay at home and relax themselves答案：C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段第三句可知，虽然“黑色星期五”不是官

30、方节日，但许多老板会给员工放假，人们通常在这一天忙着购物。10The underlined word “lure” (in Paragraph 2) probably means “_”Aprotect Battract Cpersuade Dremind答案：B 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句子“retailers (零售商) routinely open their doors as early as 4 am and offer special sales and promotions to the shoppers that arrive early(零售商早上 4 点就开门，给早到的顾

31、客一些特价打折和促销)” ，故可推知，lure 是 “吸引”的意思。11How do the retailers understand Black Friday?AIt is totally different from Boxing DayBThey usually lose some money on that dayCIt never keeps them very busyDIt probably brings them more money答案：D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段第三句可知 ，零售商认为“黑色星期五”可以带给他们更多的利润。12The author writes this

32、 passage in order to _Astate the development of Cyber MondayBtell the difference between red and blackCintroduce Black Friday to the readersDexplain the meaning of Boxing Day答案：C 推理判断题。根据文章对这个特殊“节日”的介绍和关键信息第一段第一句“Black Friday is the Friday following Thanksgiving Day in the United States ”可知， 文章主要向读者

33、介绍 “黑色星期五” 的相关信息。D限时 7 分钟Christmas in the United States is traditionally a time of giftgiving and family gatherings But small towns across the country have their own traditionsMiddleburg, a small town in the state of Virginia, is known for its horses For more than 50 years, Middleburg has organized

34、a yearly Christmas parade (游行) Men and women ride horses through the woods and fields They follow hunting dogs as they search for a wild fox But first, these hunters ride in the yearly parade, wearing their bright red hunting clothes and hatsJohn Hale, a citizen of Middleburg says many city people v

35、isit his town “We have a lot of people from an urban area that come to visit, but it incorporates a lot of the old traditions ” The nighttime hayride is one such tradition Small groups gather under the moonlight on an open wagon filled with hay The passengers sing as farm horses pull the wagon slowl

36、y across the fieldsThere are some newer traditions, too Trey Matheu works at the nearby Salamander Resort He says a visit to Middleburg is a chance to slow down for a day He says Middleburg can be a calming, peaceful place without tension“Middleburg is an opportunity to take a step back, to take a d

37、eep breath, and understand that even though life is moving on at a very fast pace, theres really an opportunity where youre allowed to step off for a little bit ”Parade organizers say more than 13,000 people attend even in below freezing weather But if you ask, you will hear many different reasons w

38、hy people come to watch the parade：“I come here because Im from a small town I like how everybody comes together ”“I live right down that street, right there And thats my dog ”Middleburg looks its best at Christmas time That may be why so many people return each year13Which of the following can be t

39、he best title for the text?AMiddleburgs Christmas ParadeBA Small Town Known for HorsesCChristmas Traditions in MiddleburgDNewer Traditions at Christmastime答案：C 标题判断题。本文主要介绍了弗吉尼亚州的一个小镇Middleburg 的圣诞节传统，C 项最具概括性。14At Christmas, people in Middleburg usually _Avisit friends and familiesBfeed farm horses

40、 with hayChunt for dogs in the woodsDride in the yearly parade答案：D 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知 ，在圣诞节，Middleburg的人们会着盛装在一年一度的游行中骑马。15According to Trey Matheu, why do people visit Middleburg?ATo relax themselvesBTo enjoy the fresh airCTo escape competitionDTo challenge themselves答案：A 细节理解题。根据第四、五段可知，Trey Matheu

41、 认为游览Middleburg 会让人感到放松、平静，可以暂时逃离快节奏的生活，因此选择A。16What do we know about the small town Middleburg?AIt makes a large profit from tourismBIt attracts many people each yearCIt is a good place for family gatheringsDIt doesnt respect Christmas traditions答案：B 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段首句可知，即使在零度以下这样的天气，还有 13,000 多人来参加这个

42、游行，所以可推知，这个小镇每年吸引很多人来游览。A限时 10 分钟(2018浙江高考 )As cultural symbols go, the American car is quite young The Model T Ford was built at the Piquette Plant in Michigan a century ago, with the first rolling off the assembly line (装配线) on September 27, 1908 Only eleven cars were produced the next month But e

43、ventually Henry Ford would build fifteen million of themModern America was born on the road, behind a wheel The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger For most of the last century, the car represented what it

44、meant to be Americangoing forward at high speed to find new worlds The road novel, the road movie, these are the most typical American ideas, born of abundant petrol, cheap cars and a neverending interstate highway system, the largest public works project in historyIn 1928 Herbert Hoover imagined an

45、 America with “a chicken in every pot and a car in every garage ” Since then, this society has moved onward, never looking back, as the car transformed America from a farmbased society into an industrial powerThe cars that drove the American Dream have helped to create a global ecological disaster I

46、n America the demand for oil has grown by 22 percent since 1990The problems of excessive (过度的) energy consumption, climate change and population growth have been described in a book by the American writer Thomas L Friedman He fears the worst, but hopes for the bestFriedman points out that the green

47、economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength “The ability to design, build and export green technologies for producing clean water, clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century ”1Why is hamburger mentioned in Paragraph 2?ATo explain Americans

48、love for travelling by carBTo show the influence of cars on American cultureCTo stress the popularity of fast food with AmericansDTo praise the effectiveness of Americas road system答案：B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“The car shaped some of the most lasting aspects of American culture: the roadside diner, the billboard, the motel, even the hamburger ”(汽车塑造了美国文化中一些最持久的层面：路边小餐馆、广告牌、汽车旅馆，甚至是汉堡。)可知，该段提及汉堡是为了显示汽车对美国文化的影响。故选 B。2What has the use of cars in America led to?ADecline of economyBEnvironmental problemsCA shortage