2020年新课标通用高考英语一轮训练：专题一 语法基础考点十一 特殊句式

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1、考点十一 特殊句式限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1It was last Saturday _ we visited the History Museum答案：that 此句为强调句型，其中被强调的部分是 last Saturday。2When _ (return) home, I met my old friend Paul in the street答案：returning 句意：当我回家时，我在街上遇到了我的老朋友保罗。return 的逻辑主语与句子主语 I 一致，且 I 与 return 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故填现在分词形式。when returning home 是 when

2、I was returning home 的省略。3Only in this way _ I learn English well答案：can 句意：只有用这种方法 ，我才能学好英语 。当 only 用在句首强调状语时，句子要用部分倒装，强调主语时，句子不倒装。4I wont go to the party tonight even if _(invite)答案：invited 此句中 even if 后省略了 I am, invite 的逻辑主语与句子主语I 一致， 且 I 与 invite 之间存在被动关系，因此应用 invited。5Not only _ I interested in

3、the photography, but I took a course at university答案：am 句意：我不仅对摄影感兴趣，在大学里我还上过摄影课。not only 位于句首时，所在分句用部分倒装，且此处描述现在的情况 ，故填 am。6Jim is a student; _ is Tom答案：so 句意：吉姆是一名学生，汤姆也是。指前者情况也适用于后者 ，意为“某人也” ，表肯定意义，用 so助动词主语 。7I cant swim well; _ can Jim答案：neither/nor 句意：我不擅长游泳，吉姆也不擅长。指前者情况也适用于后者，并且指否定意义时，用 neith

4、er/nor助动词主语。8_ (knock) at the door before you enter my room, please 答案：Knock 句意：进我的房间前请你先敲门。本句为祈使句，故用动词原形。9I have no idea why it is _ he will go there with her答案：that 句意：我不知道他为什么要跟她去那里 。idea 后面是 why 引导的同位语从句，为强调句型。10Though _(surprise) to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome答案：surprised 此句是连词

5、后省略了“主语be” 。此句中 though 后省略了 the professor was，因此应填形容词 surprised。11I drove _ slowly as possible in the heavy traffic答案：as 本句中含有 as as possible 的省略结构，意为“尽可能” 。12Only _ he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again答案：when/if 句意：只有当他为自己的无礼道歉时，我才会再次跟他说话。 “only状语从句”位于句首时，主句需用部分倒装 。根据句意可填when/if

6、。13The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, _ will he even give it a thought答案：nor/neither 句意：校长不会允许课程变化，他甚至也不会去考虑。“nor/neither助动词主语 ”是部分倒装结构，意为“也不” 。14At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialingjiang River _ (lie) Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China答案：lie

7、s 介词短语“At the meeting place of ”放在句首作地点状语时，句子要用完全倒装语序。句子的主语为 Chongqing，且叙述客观事实，故填lies。15The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police _ (not)答案：not to 句意：这个司机想把车停在路边，但被警察告知不要这么做。此处是省略，空格处补全为 not to park his car near the roadside。16One talk with Tom, I believe, _ you

8、 will find he is outgoing答案：and 句意：和汤姆谈一谈 ，我相信你会发现他是外向的。本题是“名词短语and 陈述句 ”的结构，and 表示顺承关系 ，故填 and。 17_ (devote) to finding ways to make music accessible to all children is Ms Thompson with a touring company of professional musicians答案：Devoted 此句为倒装句 。还原为“Ms Thompson with a touring company of professio

9、nal musicians is devoted to finding ways to make music accessible to all children ”18Up till now, there has been no scientific evidence about _ it was that caused the death of dinosaurs答案：what 句意：到目前为止 ，还没有科学证据证明是什么导致了恐龙的死亡。这里强调了恐龙灭绝的原因，即 what，因此这是强调句型的特殊疑问句式。19I finally got the job I dreamed about

10、Never in my life _ I feel so happy答案：did 句意：我最终得到了我梦想的工作。我一生中从来没有这么高兴过。never 放在句首，句子用部分倒装 ，结合前面的 got 可知，填 did。20I went to the classroom as usual But there, next to my desk, _ (sit) a girl I had never seen before答案：sat 句意：我像平常一样去了教室。但是， 在我桌子旁边坐着一个我以前从没见过的女孩。表示地点方位的状语位于句子开头，主语如果是名词，则句子用全部倒装。 21He said

11、 he _ see a woman in black walking out of the office building just now 答案：did 句意：他说他的确看到了一个黑衣女子从办公大楼走出来了 。分析句子可知，此处是对谓语动词 see 的强调，根据时间状语 “just now”可知，应该用 did 表示强调。22Hardly _ (have) she sat down when she heard someone knocking the door 答案：had 句意：她刚刚坐下 ，就听到有人敲门。hardly when 表示“ 一就” ，hardly 放在句首， 用部分倒装。

12、从句使用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。故填 had。23Are you free tonight? If _， Id like you to meet Tom, my new friend from the States 答案：so 句意：今晚你有空吗？如果有空的话， 我想让你见见我的美国新朋友汤姆。if so “如果这样的话” ，so 替代上文的全部内容 ，避免重复。 24_ Tom shared his idea with us, we would have made more progress 答案：Had 句意：如果汤姆和我们分享他的想法，我们会取得更大的进步。此处是 if 引导的非真

13、实条件状语从句，使用虚拟语气 ，省略了 if，并将had 提前的用法 。故填 Had。25At the top of the hill _ (stand) an ancient tower, which dates back to the Song Dynasty 答案：stands 句意：在山顶上有一座古塔，它可追溯到宋朝。表示地点的介词短语放在句首，句子用全部倒装。句子的主语是 an ancient tower, 故填stands。26Child _ he was, he was able to stand on his own feet 答案：as/though 句意：尽管他是个孩子，但

14、是他已经能够自立了。分析前面的“Child _ he was” 可知，是一个由 as/though 引导的让步状语从句，故填 as/though。 27She dare not say what she thinks, _ she? 答案：dare 主从复合句的反意疑问句部分中的主语和动词需要根据主句确定，当陈述部分的 dare 是情态动词，反意疑问句部分也用 dare，此复合句中主句是否定句，故此处只填 dare。28If _ (accept) for the job, you will be informed soon答案：accepted 逗号前是“If you are accepted

15、 for the job”的省略形式。当主从句的主语一致，且从句中含有 be 动词时，可以把从句中的主语和 be 动词一起省略，故填 accepted。29At last we found a house, in front of which _ (stand) a tall tree答案：stood 介词短语位于句首，且谓语动词是 stand 时，句子要用全部倒装结构。由 found 的提示可知，此空应填 stand 的过去式 stood。30Fishing in this river, as far as I know, _ (be) prohibited答案：is 本句中含有插入包含副词

16、的分句，这也是特殊句式的一种，被插入的部分不影响句意和句子的成分。动名词作主语，且描述一般事实，谓语动词应用 is。二、单句改错1At home, there has a CD player in my room, and the music is on all the time_答案：has is 句意：在家里我的房间里有一台 CD 播放器，一直放着音乐。前一分句为 there be 句型。主语为单数名词 a CD player, 故将 has 改为 is。2Only do I know the news here_答案：去掉 do 句意：这儿，只有我知道这个消息。当 only 用在句首强调

17、主语时，句子不倒装，强调状语时，句子才倒装。3Well, I do think the horse is a useful animalSo it does_答案：does is 句意：嗯，我的确认为马是很有用的动物。 的确是。分析句意可知，第二句是表示肯定、赞同前面说过的话，意为“确实如此，确实是这样” ，对应 the horse is，故将 does 改为 is。4Between each of the morning classes are an interval, when the students can have a short break_答案：areis 介词短语置于句首时 ，

18、应用全部倒装 ，句子的主语是 an interval，故将 are 改为 is。5It was in the village where he spent much of his childhood_答案：where that 分析句子结构可知，本句为强调句 ，故将 where 改为that。6Im sorry to tell you that you made a mistake in your testHow can that be? I did it as tell in class!_答案：第二个 telltold 答语中后一个句子的状语从句为省略“主语be动词”的形式。tell 的逻

19、辑主语为 I，两者之间为被动关系，还原后为 as I was told。7A bit more effort, I think, so you will settle the problem_答案：soand 先把插入语 I think 去掉，则不难看出此句为 “(表示条件的)名词短语and 陈述句 ”结构，陈述句表示顺承的结果 。8Not until my son had entered the college he realize the importance of time_答案：he 前加 did not until 位于句首时主句应用部分倒装；由从句的时态可知，主句应用一般过去时，因

20、此在 he 前加助动词 did。9Scarcely I arrived at my second job when a server immediately handed me my first order _答案：Scarcely 后加 had 此处是“scarcely when ”结构，Scarcely 用于句首，主句部分倒装 。本结构中从句用一般过去时 ，主句用过去完成时。故在 Scarcely 后加 had。10There appears to have little enthusiasm for your idea_答案：havebe 此处表示“人们好像对你的想法没什么热情” 。此处

21、为There be 句型，其中 be 可以用 appears to be 代替，故将 have 改为 be。11Standing on one foot with your eyes closed, and you will soon lose your balance_答案：StandingStand 句意：闭着眼睛用一只脚站立，你很快就会失去平衡。固定句式：祈使句and/or表示某事经常发生或惯常行为的陈述句。 12Though he isnt a driver, he used to_答案：to 后加 be 句意：虽然他现在不是一个司机，但是过去他是。在used to 后面如果是系动词

22、be，不能省略。13Only by studying hard and making good preparations for exams we avoid suffering from the pressure of exams_答案：we 前加 can 以“Only介词短语”放在句首的句子 ，使用部分倒装，结合句意，在 we 前加 can。14Not only I care for my own family, but also I will contribute to building a harmonious society _答案：only 后加 will “not only bu

23、t also ”结构放在句首，前面的分句用部分倒装，故在 only 后加 will。15Although Im not a teacher of that famous school, I want to _答案：to 后加 be 在省略句中，如果不定式中含有 be, have, have been，则不能省略，通常保留这些词，故此处在 to 后加 be。特殊句式( 一)一、强调句强调句型由“Itis/was被强调部分that/who其他部分”构成，可以用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语；被强调部分是指人的名词或代词时用 who或 that 均可，其他情况一律用 that。判断方法：将 It is

24、/was 和 that/who 去掉，若剩下的部分仍能表达完整的句意，则为强调句型；若不能，则不是。1强调句型的一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it被强调部分that/who 其他？Was it in the park that Tom lost his watch?2强调句型的特殊疑问句形式：特殊疑问词is/was it that其他？Who_was_it_that broke the window?3not until 结构的强调句型其强调句式为：It is/was not until被强调部分 that其他。He didnt go to bed until ten oclockIt_was

25、_not _until ten oclock that he went to bed注意：强调句型不能用来强调谓语，若要强调句子谓语动词，可将助动词do/does/did 置于动词原形之前，用来加强语气。He does like itI did tell you the news yesterday二、倒装句1完全倒装(1)表示方位、地点的副词或介词短语，如：there, here, up, down, now, then, away, in, out, off 等置于句首，且主语是名词时，用完全倒装。当主语为代词时不倒装。Here_comes the first busOut_rushed

26、a boy!On_the_top_of_the_mountain_stands a temple(2)主系表结构中作表语的形容词、分词、介词短语、such 等置于句首时用完全倒装。Present_at_the_meeting_were Professor Zhang and many other guestsSeated_on_the_ground_are a group of young people2部分倒装(1)“only状语 (副词、介词短语、状语从句 )”置于句首时，整个句子或后面的主句用部分倒装；当“only主语”置于句首时，句子不倒装。Only_in_this_way_can y

27、ou succeedOnly I am here today(2)表示否定意义的词或短语置于句首时用部分倒装。常见的这类词或短语有 not, never, hardly, seldom, rarely, by no means, in no way, in no case, at no time, not only, not until 等。Seldom_in_my_life_have I met so determined a personAt_no_time_should you touch it or get it hurt(3)so, neither, nor 置于句首表示前面的情况也

28、适用于另一人或物时用部分倒装。但是当前面的情况是两种或两种以上时要用 It is the same with 或者So it is with 结构。Tom likes English So_do_II have never seen the film Neither_has_heI like playing basketball and I live in America for many years So_it_is_with_my_little_brother(4)在 so/such that 句型中，当 so/such 连同其直接修饰的成分置于句首时，主句部分倒装。So moved wa

29、s she that she couldnt say a word(5)在 if 虚拟条件句中，当省略 if 时，应将 were/had/should 置于主语之前，形成部分倒装。Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home(6)as/though 意为“尽管” ，引导让步状语从句时用倒装结构。Tired as he was, he still went on with his workStrange though it seems, it is true限时 25 分钟一、单句语法填空1(2018北京高考 )In any unsafe situ

30、ation, simply _ (press) the button and a highlytrained agent will get you the help you need答案：press 句意：在任何危险的情况下，仅仅摁一下按钮，那么一个高度训练的代理人将使你获得你需要的帮助。分析句子的结构可知，此处是“祈使句and一般将来时 ”的固定结构。2(2019邢台市高三上学期第一次月考)It was through her study of caterpillars _ she discovered the truth about their life cycles答案：that 句意：

31、正是通过她对于毛毛虫的研究 ，她才发现了它们生命轮回的真相。本句是强调句型“It is/was that ”，被强调部分是 through her study of caterpillars，故填 that。 3(2018全国卷 )Diets have changed in Chinaand so too _ its top crop答案：has 该句是一个倒装句。当前面的句子是肯定句时，用“so 助动词主语”表示“某人也” 。助动词的选用根据前面句子的谓语动词来判断。4(2018惠州市高三第二次调研考试)It is not only the inspiring story but also

32、the warmth from the university _ attracts the publics attention答案：that 此处是强调句型。去掉 It is 和设空处后，句意仍完整，强调主语，故用 that。5(2018天津高考 )Im moving in a few days and I wonder if you could helpYou bet Just let me know when, _ Ill be there答案：and 该句式是“祈使句 and简单句” ， 祈使句相当于条件，简单句相当于主句。6(2019山东省德州市武城二中高三月考)Not until h

33、e retired from teaching two years ago _ he consider having a holiday abroad答案：did 句意：直到他两年前从教育战线上退休 ，他才考虑去国外度假。not until 结构位于句首时，主句使用部分倒装语序 ，同时后面是实义动词，根据 two years ago 判断句子用一般过去时，答案为 did。7(2019河南周口中英文学校高三月考)_ I wish my work could be settled within a day! 答案：How 句意：我多么希望我的工作可以一天里解决！根据语境可知，本题是一个感叹句，ho

34、w 修饰整个句子，因此填 How。8(2019河北省衡水中学高三上学期二调考试)She opened it and let out a deep breath Inside it _ (be) two sharp knives答案：were 句意：她打开它，深深地吸了一口气。里面是两把锋利的刀。介词 Inside 在句首 ，句子应用倒装语序 ，主语是 two sharp knives，是复数形式，与之一致谓语也用复数，结合上句的 opened，可知填 were。9(2018重庆市巴蜀中学高三适应性月考)You are supposed to keep your room as tidy _ p

35、ossible答案：as 句意：你应该尽可能使屋子保持整洁。本句中含有 as as possible 结构，意为“尽可能” 。10(2018湖南师大附中高考模拟)There is no doubt that eating organic food will make you healthier, is _？ 答案：there 句意：毫无疑问，食用有机食物会使你更健康，是吗？考查反意疑问句。根据语境来确定反意疑问部分用 there。11(2018河北省重点中学联考)_ fun it is to take a rest after a long period of swimming!答案：What

36、 句意：长时间游泳之后好好休息一下真的很快乐！考查感叹句。what 后加名词 。12(2018唐山市高三三模)Between the two generations, it is often not their age, but their education _ causes misunderstanding答案：that 句意：在这两代人之间，引起误会的常常不是年龄而是教育 。此处为强调句型“It is/was that”。被强调部分为 not their age, but their education，故答案为 that。13(2018福建省高三毕业班质量检测)Only then _

37、the workers realize how serious the situation had been答案：did 句意：只有在那时工人们才意识到形势有多严峻 。考查倒装。“Only副词”放在句首，要使用部分倒装且时间状语为 then，故填 did。14(2018河南省中原名校高三第六次质量检测)Never before _ I seen such a wonderful park, where Id like to pay a visit again答案：have 句意： 我从没见过这么美丽的公园，我想再来参观一次。否定副词短语放在句首，句子要用部分倒装形式；never before

38、常与现在完成时连用。15(2018重庆巴蜀中学高三适应性月考)Not only _ you make yourself understood, but you also keep the listeners engaged答案：do 句意：你不仅要使他人明白你的话，而且也要让听众融入到谈话中。not only 放在句首，该分句用倒装语序，故填 do。16(2018湖南省邵阳市高三模拟)For a moment nothing happened; then _ (come) cheers from the excited audience答案：came 句意：片刻间什么也没发生，然后从兴奋的观众

39、那里传来了欢呼声。考查 then 位于句首的完全倒装。根据语境，设空处填所给动词的过去式。17(2018哈尔滨六中高三第二次模拟)Wheat is growing very nicely here; _ is rice答案：so 句意：这里的小麦长得很好，水稻也是 。 “so助动词主语” ，表示前一分句描述的情形也适合后一分句的人或物。18(2018湖南省岳阳市高三教学质量检测)_ you make a mistake, you werent supposed to feel embarrassed You know, people make mistakes 答案：Should 句意：如果你

40、犯了错误，你不应该感到尴尬。毕竟，人都会犯错误。此处是表示对将来情形的假设，从句中省略了 if，将 should 提前，故填 Should。 19(2018广东省佛山市高三质量检测)He pulled hard at the gold chain to get it into the boat, but _ seemed to be no end to it 答案：there 后一分句含有 there be 句型，there seemed to be “似乎有” ，故填 there。20(2018天津和平区一模)Im sorry _ it not been for my illness, I

41、would have come and lent you a helping hand答案：Had 句意：对不起。要不是因为我生病，我就会过来帮你了。此处为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，即条件从句应为：If it hadnt been for my illness将 if 省去，需把 had 提到句首，变为倒装句式，故设空处填 had，且had 的首字母要大写 。21(2016江苏高考 )Not until recently _ they encourage the development of touristrelated activities in the rural areas答案：did

42、句意：直到近期，他们才开始鼓励在农村地区发展与旅游有关的活动。not until 位于句首时，句子应用部分倒装。此处指过去所发生的动作，应用一般过去时，故答案为 did。22(2018四川四校联考 )The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle _ dangerous a scene it was!答案：How 句意：那个小男孩骑着自行车沿着机动车道全速而来。多危险的一幕啊！此处为感叹句式“How形容词a/an名词单数主语谓语！”故填 How。23(2016全国卷 )It could be anyt

43、hinggardening, cooking, music, sportsbut whatever it is, _ (make) sure its a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about答案：make 句意：它可以是园艺、烹饪、音乐、运动等任何事情，但是，无论它是什么，务必保证它是让你释放每天的压力而不是让你担忧的事。句中动词短语置于句首，构成祈使句，故用动词原形。24(2018安徽模拟 )John has not yet passed the driving test, and neither _ Henry答案：has 句意：约翰还没有通过驾照考试，亨利也没有通过。否定副词neither 置于句首，后面的主谓语应用部分倒装 。根据上一分句中的谓语动词“has passed(现在完成时 )”和该分句的主语 Henry 可推知，设空处答案为 has。25(2018陕西渭南模拟 )On th