2019-2020学年人教版英语必修五讲义含解析:Unit 3 Period Four
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1、Period Four GrammarThe Past Participle (3) as the Adverbial感知以下课文原句,完成方框下的小题1Hit by a lack of fresh air,my head ached.2Described as an enormous round plate,it spins slowly in space to imitate the pull of the earths gravity.It was described as an enormous round plate and it spins slowly in space to i
2、mitate the pull of the earths gravity.3Worried about the journey,I was unsettled for the first few days.4Exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.As I was exhausted,I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.1作状语用的过去分词(短语 )和句子的主语之间有逻辑上的动宾关系,或称为 被动关系,如例句 1 和例句 2。但有的与逻辑主语之间不表示被动关系,如:例句 3 和例句 4,而是表示逻辑主
3、语的状态。2过去分词(短语)在句子中可以作原因状语,如例句 1,3,4;作伴随情况或方式状语如例句2 等。3由例句 2 和例句 4 可知,作状语用的过去分词(短语) 可以转化成相应的 并列句或状语从句。一、过去分词作状语的类型过去分词(短语)作状语,表示被动的或完成的动作,这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。Written in a hurry,this article was not so good.因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。本句中的 Written in a hurry 即为过去分词短语作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写完。过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、
4、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。1过去分词作时间状语,在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。Asked about his address(When he was asked about his address),the boy didn t respond.问及他的地址时,小男孩没有作答。2过去分词作原因状语,在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。Encouraged by the progress he has made(As he is encouraged by the progress he has made),he works harder.由于受到所取得的进步的鼓励,他工作更努力了。3
5、过去分词作条件状语,在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。Given more time(If they were given more time),the trees could grow taller.如果再多给一点时间,这些树会长得更高。Heated to a high temperature(If it is heated to a high temperature),water will change into vapor.如果加热到高温,水就能变成蒸气。4过去分词作让步状语,在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。Though warned of the storm(Though they had
6、been warned of the storm),the farmers were still working in the fields.尽管被警告过有暴风雨,农民们仍然在田地里劳作。5过去分词作方式、伴随状语,在句中相当于一个并列句。Followed by a group of students,the teacher entered the classroom.The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of students.老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。注意:过去分词(短语)作状语时,前面有时可
7、以加上 when,if,while,though,even if,until,unless 等连词,这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句 (省略部分多为“主语be 的多种形式”) 。需要注意的是,省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为 it。Even if invited(Even if Im invited),I wont take part in the party.即使受到邀请,我也不会参加这个聚会的。拓展 有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost 迷路,沉溺于; seated 坐;dressed in 穿着;tired of 厌烦;fa
8、ced with 面临;accustomed to 习惯于等。Lost in deep thought,he didnt hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。Dressed in a new dress,she looks very beautiful.穿着一件新衣服,她看上去很漂亮。二、过去分词作状语时的位置过去分词作条件、原因及时间状语时,通常放在句首;作伴随、结果状语时,通常放在句末;作方式状语时,一般放在句末,有时也放在句首;作让步状语时,一般放在句首,有时也放在句末。Told that his mother was ill,Li Lei hurri
9、ed home quickly.(原因状语)得知母亲生病了,李雷迅速赶回了家。The old man walked into the room,supported by his son .(方式状语 )老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即表示被动;现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即表示主动。助记 分词作状语记忆口诀分词作状语,主语是问题。前后两动作,共用一主语。主语找出后,再来判关系。主动用ing,被动用ed。Used for a long time,the book looks old.(动宾关系)由于
10、用了很长时间,这本书看上去陈旧。Using the book,I find it very useful.(主谓关系)在使用这本书时,我发现它很有用。注意:无论是现在分词还是过去分词,其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致,则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。If caught,the police will punish the thief.()If caught,the thief will be punished by the police.()If the thief is caught,the police will punish him/her.()单句语法填空1Or
11、dinary soap,used(use) correctly ,can deal with bacteria effectively.(2018北京)2Ordered(order) over a week ago,the books are expected to arrive any time now.(2016北京)3If accepted(accept) for the job,youll be informed soon.(2015北京)4Raised(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow,he had a long,hard road to b
12、ecoming a football star.(2015重庆)5Absorbed(absorb) in painting ,John didn t notice evening approaching.(2015天津)6Founded(found) in the early 20th century,the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art.(2013安徽).单句语法填空1Compared(compare)with the western medicines high fees,TCM has a reasonable price
13、 that ordinary people can afford.(2018江西宜春中学诊断)2Designed(design) very cleverly to fit into corners,the shelf doesnt take up much room.3The new technology,if applied(apply) to rice growing,will help increase the grain output.4When first introduced(introduce) to the market,these new products in their
14、company enjoyed a great success.5Disappointed(disappoint) at failing in the math exam,John wouldnt like to talk about it to his parents.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )6. many times,the problems were settled at last.DiscussingDiscussed7If properly,anyone can learn how to operate the machine.teachingtaught8. by th
15、e opposite team,we didnt lose heart.BeatingBeaten9The child behaves very well,well up by his parents.bringingbrought10The teacher stood there, by a group of students.surroundingsurrounded.完成句子11Blamed by the teacher,the boy was in low spirits.受到老师的责备,这个男孩非常难过。12Injured in the accident ,the player ha
16、d to drop out of the match.由于在事故中受伤了,这个运动员只好退出了比赛。13We went to the cinema, filled with excitement.我们满怀兴奋地去了电影院。14The boy was sitting on the playground,lost in thought.这个男孩坐在操场上,陷入了沉思。15Given a few more minutes,Ill finish the whole work.如果再多给我几分钟,我会做完全部工作的。基础巩固.单句语法填空1Trapped(trap) by strong winds an
17、d deep snow ,Andy did nothing but wait.2If given(give) more care and attention,the boy would not have gone that far on the wrong path,Im sure.3Finding(find) the course very difficult,she decided to move to a lower level.4Time,used(use) correctly,is money in the bank.5Settled (settle) in a friendly w
18、ay,their fierce quarrel finally came to an end.6 “Cant you read?It s a nonsmoking section.” I said angrily pointing(point) to the notice.7Compared(compare) with the size of the whole earth,the highest mountain does not seem high at all.8Being(be) poor at English,I m afraid I cant make myself underst
19、ood.9Reminded(remind) not to drive after drinking ,some drivers are still trying their luck.10Lost(lose) in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11When for his views about his teaching job,Philip said he found it very interesting askingaskedand rewarding.12. badly in
20、the earthquake,the girl was sent to hospital immediately.HurtsHurt13. better attention,the flower could have grown better.GivingGiven14He stood there silently,and 或 moved to tears. was15She sent me an email, to get further information.hopedhoping.句型转换16As I was moved by their speech,I was at a loss
21、what to say.Moved by their speech,I was at a loss what to say.17Although it was built before the war,the engine is still in perfect order.Built before the war,the engine is still in perfect order.18When they were asked who had broken the window,the children all kept silent.Asked who had broken the w
22、indow,the children all kept silent.19She was seated at the back of the classroom and didnt talk to anyone.Seated at the back of the classroom,she didn t talk to anyone.20The doctor came in,and he was followed by his assistant.The doctor came in,followed by his assistant.能力提升.阅读理解After I made it to t
23、he city center,I started to feel it might be easy for a foreigner to deal with the great size of Beijing.With growing confidence,I decided to take the subway to the hotel,not realizing that the network didnt go that far.Impressed with the cleanliness of the station,I bought a ticket and boarded the
24、first train that came along.After a few minutes I asked in English of course a young man seated next to me where I should get off closest to the Friendship Hotel.Wearing a smart business suit and tie,he would surely speak English,wouldnt he? Unfortunately,he couldnt understand me but seemed very fri
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