2019-2020学年人教版英语必修五讲义含解析:Unit 1 Period Four
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1、Period Four GrammarThe Past Participle (1) as the Attribute and Predicative感知以下课文原句,补全方框下的小题1But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.2He became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.3From the stomach the disease q
2、uickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.4He found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.5Nicolaus Copernicus was frightened and his mind was confused.6He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the
3、 moon still going round the earth.1以上句子中,句 3 和句 6 中为单个的过去分词作定语,常常放于被修饰名词的前面;句 1 和句 4 中为过去分词短语作定语,常常放于被修饰名词的后面。2句 2 和句 5 中的过去分词在句中作表语。一、过去分词作定语1意义:及物动词的过去分词作定语往往表示被动和完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动,只表示完成。(1)表示被动和完成a polluted river 一条被污染的河流the watered flowers 浇过水的花(2)只表示完成,不表示被动fallen leaves 落叶the risen sun 升起的
4、太阳2位置:单个的过去分词作定语时,通常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语时,通常放在被修饰词的后面,其作用相当于一个定语从句。The student dressed in white is my daughter.The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.穿白色衣服的那个学生是我女儿。注意:过去分词作定语和现在分词作定语的区别:(1)语态不同:现在分词表示主动;过去分词表示被动。The question discussed was very important.讨论过的那个问题很重要。The house standing at
5、the corner of the street was built in 2016.矗立在街道角落的那所房子是2016 年建的。(2)时间关系上不同:现在分词表示动作正在进行;过去分词表示动作已经完成。Error!Error!Error!2过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态 (being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别意义形式语态 时态done 被动 完成being done 被动 进行to be done 被动 尚未发生The building built last year is our classroom building.去年建造的楼是我们
6、的教学楼。The building being built now is our classroom building.现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。The building to be built next month is our classroom building.下个月将要建造的楼是我们的教学楼。二、过去分词作表语1意义:用在系动词后面,构成系表结构,表示主语所处的状态。She looked disappointed.她看上去很失望。We were encouraged at the news.听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。2过去分词作表语表示主语所处的状态。这一结构从形式上与被动语态
7、相同,但被动语态强调主语所承受的动作。试比较:Error!3感觉类及物动词的现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别。英语中有很多与感觉有关的及物动词,其现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉的” ,多用来修饰物;其过去分词含有被动意义,即“人被引起某种感觉的” ,多用来指人、人的声音、笑容或表情等。常用的这类词有:Error!Error!We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.我们对他在会上讲的话很是惊讶。His words were discouraging,which made many people discouraged.他的话令人泄
8、气,使得很多人灰心丧气。单句语法填空1I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged(challenge)(2018 全国)2Jim has retired,but he still remembers the happy time spent(spend) with his students.(2017北京)3I was the first Western TV reporter permitted(permit) to f
9、ilm a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.(2016全国)4To return to the problem of water pollution,Id like you to look at a study conducted(conduct) in Australia in 2012.(2016浙江)5In art criticism,you must assume the artist has a secret message hidden(hide) within the work.
10、(2016江苏)6Do you find yourself getting impatient or annoyed(annoy) with people over unimportant things? (2016上海).单句语法填空1When I entered his room,he was buried(bury) in his books.2Some of the people invited(invite) to the party couldnt come.3He is talking with a man called(call) Mr Wang.4He was discour
11、aged (discourage) when he heard his mothers words.5The cars being sold(sell) at the market now are made in Guangzhou.6Tsinghua University, founded(found) in 1911,is home to a great number of outstanding figures.7The three guns stolen(steal) from the police station were found in the house.8The museum
12、, located(locate) next to the Wuzhen scenic spot,covers an area of 5,000 square meters.9In 2011,a film,Soul Surfer, based(base) on her experiences,was released and made a hit immediately.10The cart got stuck(stick) in the mud,but the farmer made no effort to get it out.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11Prices of
13、goods through a computer can be lower than some store prices.buyingbought12At last,the father came to the small school.puzzlingpuzzled13Tom was very when he heard the news.surprisingsurprised14He told me the news in an voice that day.excitingexcited15Most of us liked the film by a young director.dir
14、ectingdirected.句型转换16A thief stole the goat tied to the tree.A thief stole the goat which was tied to the tree.17Father beat the son who was lost in the online games.Father beat the son lost in the online games.18This project,which was designed by the Chinese engineers,was constructed in only two ye
15、ars.This project,designed by the Chinese engineers,was constructed in only two years.19The castle,which was burnt down in the sixteenth century,was never rebuilt.The castle ,burnt down in the sixteenth century,was never rebuilt.20The meeting held yesterday is very important.The meeting which/that wa
16、s held yesterday is very important.基础巩固.单句语法填空1Mrs White showed her students some old maps borrowed(borrow) from the library.2The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain seated(seat) as the plane was making a landing.3The first textbooks written(write) for teaching English as a foreign lan
17、guage came out in the 16th century.4On receiving a phone call from his wife saying(say) she had a fall,Mr Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.5War isnt the best way to settle(settle) problems between countriesit only leads to more violence and conflicts.6The milk delivered(deliver) to us
18、that morning seemed to have gone bad,so we complained to the company about it.7Newcomers to Hawaii should be warned not to stay in the sun too longthey might easily get burnt/burned(burn)8Winter is gone(go) and spring is coming(come)9These problems to be discussed (discuss) next week is of great int
19、erest.10Listen !The song being sung(sing) is very popular with the students.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11The girl in red is from a big city.dressingdressed12Hearing the news,we all felt proud of our country.encouragedencouraging13The look on his face suggested that he had passed the exam.excitingexcited14Do
20、you know the girl a red shirt?wornwearing15The question be discussed at tomorrows meeting is very important. to.完成句子16His wound became/was infected with a new virus.他的伤口感染了一种新病毒。17Why do you always look so tired?Do you sleep well these days?为什么你看上去总是很疲劳?这些日子你睡得好吗?18I was disappointed with the film I
21、 saw last night.I had expected it to be better.我对昨晚看的电影很失望。我本以为它更好看些。19Everybody was shocked to hear the death of the famous film star.听说那位著名的影星死了,每个人都很惊讶。20We needed many more qualified workers.我们需要更多的合格工人。能力提升.阅读理解The idea of changing the world seems very crazy,but there are a number of small ever
22、yday things we can do to make the world better.Community centers,parks,libraries ,homeless shelters,hospitals and schools are all places where students can make a difference through service.Alisia Orosco,10,wanted to show her love and care to the sick kids at University Childrens Hospital in Texas,w
23、here her brother had been a patient.She earned money by doing parttime jobs and used it to buy different toys for the children in hospital.Now she visits three hospitals every year with bags of toys.“I hope to help as many kids as I can, ” Alisia says.“It makes me happy to make them smile.”High scho
24、ol students in a town of Washington made a difference in the lives of some needy children by building a playground at a workers camp.They got a lot of help from a building supply store which provided free building materials for the project.Teens in New Jersey decided to offer their help at a local s
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