2019-2020学年人教版英语必修五讲义含解析：Unit 1 Period One

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1、Albert Einstein was born in Ulm，Germany in 1879.When he was a boy，he liked to ask questions.By the time he was fourteen years old，he had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.He wanted to be a physicist and devote himself to abstract(抽象的) research.However，his family could not pay for the advan

2、ced education that young Albert needed.But his parents did manage to send him to a technical school.After graduation，he went to work.With the pay that he received，he was later able to go on with his education at the University of Zurich， where he received a doctors degree in 1905.This was the period

3、 when he first began the research and studies which led to his famous “Theory of Relativity”Einstein cared little for money.He once refused to speak on the radio for 1,000 a minute.Another time he was seen using a check for 1,500 as a bookmark.Then he lost the book!Besides his work in physics，he spe

4、nt much time working for human rights and progress.Like many scientists，Einstein loved music；he played the violin fairly well.In Princeton，he lived quietly，working at the institute and enjoying himself by playing his violin in his simple home.Often there were visitors like the twelveyearold girl who

5、，for a time，formed the habit of visiting him on her way home from school.After some time，the puzzled mother of the girl met Dr.Einstein and asked him what he and her daughter talked about.The doctor smiled and explained， “Oh，she brings me cookies，and I do her arithmetic(算术) homework for her.”Such wa

6、s Albert Einstein，a simple man of great achievements.阅读短文，判断正(T)误(F)1When Albert Einstein was very young，his family was very rich.( F )2Einstein liked music and often enjoyed himself by playing the violin.( T )Period One Warming Up & ReadingPrereading匹配左边的单词和右边的汉语意思第一组1expert Avt.暴露；揭露；使曝光2physician

7、 Bn.爆发；发作( 尤指疾病或战争)3expose Cadj .熟练的；经验或知识丰富的； n.专家；行家4cure Dn.治愈；痊愈； vt.治愈；治疗5outbreak En.医生；内科医师答案 1.C 2.E 3.A 4.D 5.B第二组6challenge An.受害者7victim Bvt.吸收；吸引；使专心8absorb Cvt.认为；怀疑； n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯9suspect Dn.挑战；vt.向挑战10enquiry En.询问答案 6.D 7.A 8.B 9.C 10.E第三组11severe An.柄；把手；vt.处理；操纵12pump Bvt.预见；预知13fores

8、ee Cvt.命令；指示；教导14handle Dn.泵；抽水机； vt.(用泵)抽(水)15instruct Eadj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的答案 11.E 12.D 13.B 14.A 15.CStep 1 Fastreading1Whats the main idea of the passage?AThe cause of cholera was polluted water.BJohn Snow was a wellknown doctor in London.CThe source of all drinking water should be examined.DJohn Sno

9、w did some research and helped to solve “King Cholera”答案 D2Read the passage and match the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1 AOffer solutionsPara.2 BOutbreak of choleraPara.3 CProvide two control theoriesPara.4 DCollect informationPara.5 ECollect resultsPara.6 FAnalyse the resultsPara.7 GFind suppor

10、ting evidence答案 Para.1 B Para.2 C Para.3 D Para.4 E Para.5 F Para.6 G Para.7 AStep 2 CarefulreadingRead the passage carefully and choose the best answers.1What was the key to help for John Snows discovery?AThe government.BThe woman who had moved away from Broad Street.CThe water company.DThe map mad

11、e by himself.答案 D2At last， “King Cholera” was controlled by .Ausing medicines in hospitalBdriving patients out of the countryCdealing with the polluted waterDgetting rid of all kinds of pollution答案 C3How many people died per day on average in the two streets where John Snow gathered information?AOve

12、r 500. BOver 100.COver 50. DOver 25.答案 C4What conclusion did John Snow draw according to the evidence?ACholera multiplied in the water.BPolluted water carried the virus.CA cloud of dangerous gas caused cholera.DCholera could never be controlled even though its cause was found.答案 BStep 3 PostreadingA

13、fter reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.John Snow，a wellknown doctor in London，became 1.inspired(inspire) when he thought about helping ordinary people who 2.were exposed(expose) to cholera，a 3.deadly(dead) disease of his day.Many thousands of people died every time there was an

14、 outbreak 4.because no one knew the cause of it.John Snow wanted to help solve the problem.He got interested in two theories 5.explaining(explain) how cholera killed people.He believed 6.in the second theory that suggested that people 7.absorbed(absorb) the disease with their meals.In 1854，when anot

15、her outbreak hit London，he was ready 8.to test(test) the two theories.9.With the help of the map he made，he got a valuable clue about the cause of the disease and was able to announce that the water was 10.to blame(blame)Step 4 Sentencelearning1He became interested in two theories that possibly expl

16、ained how cholera killed people.句式分析 该句为复合句。He became interested in two theories 是主句；that 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 theories；how 引导的从句作 explained 的宾语。自主翻译 他对霍乱致人死亡的两种推测很感兴趣。2A woman，who had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.句式分析 该句

17、为复合句。主干部分是 A woman liked the water，为主谓宾结构。who 引导的是非限制性定语从句，修饰 A woman；from the pump 为介词短语作定语，修饰 the water；so.that.为结果状语从句，意为 “如此以至于” ；句中 had it delivered.中的 delivered 作宾语补足语，意为“让别人送水” ，此处 it 指代 the water from the pump。自主翻译 有一位妇人是从宽街搬过来的，她特别喜欢从那个泵里抽出来的水，每天都要派人把那里的水运到家里来。3To prevent this from happenin

18、g again，John Snow suggested that the source of all the water supplies be examined.句式分析 此句是复合句，动词不定式作目的状语；that 引导的是宾语从句，作suggested 的宾语，此处 suggest 为“建议”的意思，从句要用虚拟语气，即从句谓语动词用“(should)动词原形” ，本句中从句谓语动词用了原形动词，省略了 should。自主翻译 为了防止这种情况再度发生，约翰斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。.阅读理解ASince 2000，weve gotten many wonderful things

19、like smartphones and driverless cars.But what about what weve lost？Lets look at the following things.CalculatorsThey are like tiny computers whose only job is to do math.That is literally all they do.Sure，they could make some amusing swear words.8008 looks like BOOB.And type in 7734 and then turn th

20、e calculator upside down and it looks like HELL.But you definitely couldnt get the weather or your email.The busy signalBack in the days of landlines，calling somebody and getting a busy signal used to be annoying.But today，in an age of digital phones，we d give anything to hear a busy signal， because

21、 if you hear one，you have some solid information.The person you are trying to reach is home，just on another call.Going straight to voicemail can mean anything.But that beepbeepbeep is a reason for hope!Computer labsIn high schools and colleges in the past，there was a specific room where they kept al

22、l the computers.Nobody had his or her own computer.Back then that was as absurd as saying “I could fly commercial，but I prefer to fly my own plane.” So you went to these rooms and used one of the computers，and then you left and you didnt have access to a computer again until you went back to that ro

23、om！Nowadays everyone has his or her own computer.语篇解读 本文是一篇应用文。随着科技的进步，许多东西已经不适合这个时代了，文章介绍了其中三件几乎已经过时的东西。1Calculators are rejected mainly because .Athey are not easy to keepBthey have only one functionCthey are not of good qualityDthey have the wrong weather report答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的介绍可知，计算器只有计算功能，偶

24、尔可以用来拼写几个有趣的脏话。除此之外，别无他用。由此可知，功能单一是计算器被淘汰的理由。故选B 项。2What can we know from the last paragraph?APeople liked to travel by air in the past.BFew people had time to joke with each other.CFew people liked to use a computer then.DNo student had a personal computer then.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“In high schools

25、 and colleges in the past.Nobody had his or her own computer.”可知，那个时候，没有学生拥有私人电脑。故选 D 项。3What do the three things have in common according to the passage?AThey have nearly become out of date.BThey have been hitech products.CThey have helped develop the economy.DThey have promoted modern technology.答

26、案 A解析 推理判断题。文章介绍的这三件东西都是几乎已经过时的东西。故选 A 项。BMadame Curie，the youngest of the five children，was born in Warsaw，Poland in 1867.Marie Curies maiden name was Manya.Her parents were teachers，and she learned the importance of education at a very early age.No higher education was offered to women in Poland a

27、t that time，so Manya took a job as a tutor.She sent part of her income to Paris to help pay for her elder sisters medical studies.Her sister qualified as a doctor and married a fellow doctor in 1891.Manya went to joined them in Paris，changing her name to Marie.She entered the Sorbonne (now the Unive

28、rsity of Paris) and studied physics and mathematics，graduating at the top of her class.For the research she wanted to do，she was introduced to another young scientist，Pierre Curie.Later，they fell in love with each other.After she was rewarded the Nobel Prize，fame troubled Marie Curie and also her hu

29、sband，because science was their world and in this world of science，fame and honor to persons had no value.One day when a writer for a newspaper tried to ask Marie about herself，her thoughts and her beliefs，she answered him， “In science we must be interested in things，not in persons.” Much of the rea

30、l character and spirit of this unusual woman was found in these few words，which she was later often to repeat.One evening， at a big party，a friend asked if she would like to meet the King of Greece，who was also a guest.She answered in her simple manner， “I dont see the value of it.” Then，seeing that

31、 she hurt the feeling of her friend，she quickly added， “But.but.of course，I shall do whatever you please.Just as you please.”语篇解读 居里夫人是一位伟大的科学家。本文简要介绍了她在成为科学家前后的生活。从她的言辞中可以看出她淡泊名利的个性和人品。4What did Marie Curie once do to help pay for her elder sisters medical studies?AShe was a teacher.BShe was a doct

32、or.CShe was a tutor.DShe was a waitress.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第一段第四句和第五句可知，居里夫人曾经做过家庭女教师，并用自己的部分收入资助姐姐上学。5What was valuable to Marie Curie?AScience and research.BFame and honor.CCharacter and spirits.DPersons and things.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据第三段首句可推知，居里夫人和她丈夫更看重科学和研究，名利对他们来说没有任何价值。6The writer for a newspaper was

33、interested in .Athings BMarie CurieCMarie s husband Dpersons答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知，给报社写稿的人试图向居里夫人了解有关她的情况，故可推知，这个人关注的是“人” 。7What do you think might have happened between Marie Curie and the King of Greece?AThe King was angry with Marie Curie.BFor the sake of her friend Marie Curie met the King of G

34、reece.CThe King of Greece wrote a letter to invite Marie Curie to meet him.DMarie Curie held another party for the King.答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句可推知，居里夫人不忍心伤害朋友的感情，她会顺从朋友，去见希腊国王。CHave you ever thought about how hats came to be？Who was the first person ever to think “Id like to walk about today with a

35、fitted piece of material on my head”？Of course，no one really knows who first invented hats or when they did so.It was probably one of the first prehistoric(史前的) humans who first used an animal skin to protect his head from the sun.Historians can prove the fact that hats have been around for a long，l

36、ong time.In fact，hats have played an important role throughout the development of civilization.Historians have found hats in the artwork of ancient civilizations，including Egypt，Greece，Rome and China.The first hats were probably used for special purposes，such as protection from nature and the weathe

37、r.It probably wasnt long，though，before hats became both a fashion statement and a status symbol.For example，ancient artwork from Egypt reveals gods and kings wearing fancy hats.In ancient Rome and Greece，the lowest levels of society were not allowed to wear hats.Upon becoming official citizens，howev

38、er，they were presented with a hat as a symbol of their newlyachieved status.Over the ages，hats have been made of just about every material you could think of.One of the first popular materials for hats was probably straw(稻草) An ancient painting found on the wall of a tomb in Thebes in ancient Egypt

39、shows a man wearing a straw hat.Today， hats can be found in millions of varieties.From sock hats，baseball hats and protective helmets to cowboy hats，its not uncommon to find a dozen or more different types of hats in a typical home.Their uses today range from protection and function to status symbol

40、s and fashion statements.语篇解读 文章介绍了帽子的发展史。历经多年，帽子的品质发生了很多变化，时代赋予帽子的意义也变得不同。8The author introduces the topic of the text by .Atelling a storyBasking some questionsCtaking some examplesDshowing some puzzles答案 B解析 写作手法题。第一段中连续提出的两个问题都和帽子有关，下文便介绍了帽子的发展史。由此可推知，作者通过提问题的方式引出文章的主题。9Who were allowed to wear

41、hats in ancient Greece?AThe officials. BThe artists.CThe peasants. DThe customers.答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第五段最后两句可知，在古希腊，只有官员才可以戴帽子。10What kind of hats might be popular in ancient Egypt?ASock hats.BBaseball hats.CThe straw hats.DThe hats made of animal skin.答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第二句和第三句可推知，在古埃及，受大众喜爱的可能是草帽。11W

42、hat can be concluded from the last paragraph?AThere are many kinds of hats now.BModern hats are strange sometimes.CFewer people wear hats any longer.DHats are becoming more and more expensive.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段首句可以推知，现在帽子的种类繁多。.七选五Scientists often see the first ten years of a childs life as the “wi

43、ndow of opportunity” 12 .And studies show that the following activities can be good for their brain greatly.13 Free playtime has always been an important part of “being a kid”，but it is also important to a childs development.“Free play” not only helps kids develop different skills，but also helps the

44、m develop into happy healthy adults in the future.Read with kidsReading has long been known to improve childrens intelligence. 14 .For parents who dont have much time，just keeping your kids around books goes a long way too.Put kids to bed early15 .Preschool children should get at least 11 hours of s

45、leep and kids up to age 12 should try to get at least 10 hours of sleep.Learn a second languageEarly studies in this field have shown that bilingual(会说两种语言的) kids can perform better under pressure.Young children can learn new languages with nearly perfect fluency(流利) and pronunciation.Praise good ef

46、fort not intelligenceYour kids may be smart but you should mainly praise the effort they put into tasks.Kids，who are praised on intelligence，often feel it is a fixed quality，and mistakes or failures badly hurt their selfconfidence.Kids who are praised on effort often focus more on learning. 16 .APla

47、y some helpful gamesBGive kids enough playtimeCAnd they are not afraid to fail and try againDKids still need time away from the TV to do homeworkEKids who read often develop earlier writing and number skills as wellFEverything at this time is very important to the development of a persons brainGStud

48、ies show that kids with regular bedtimes are better at languages，math and reading语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了人生的前十年被看作是“机会之窗” ，在这个时期，每件事情都对孩子的大脑发育起重要作用。文章列举了几条有利于孩子的大脑健康发展的建议。12答案 F解析 根据上句可知，科学家们常常把孩子生命的前十年看作是“机会之窗” ，这说明人生的前十年很重要，F 项“这个时期的每一件事情对人脑的发育都很重要”符合语境。故选F。13答案 B解析 根据本段内容，尤其是“Free playtime has always been an important part of being a kid”可知，自由玩耍的时间对孩子来说特别重要。故 B 项最适合作本段的小标题。故选B。14答案 E解析 根据上句可知，人们很早就知道阅读有助于提高孩子的智商。E 项“经常阅读的孩子也会发展早期的写作和数字技能”说明阅读对孩子有积极的影响。故选 E。15答案 G解析 根据下句可知，学龄前儿童每天应该有至少 11 个小时的睡眠，12 岁的孩子应该尽量有至少