2019-2020学年人教版英语必修五讲义含解析：Unit 4 Period Four

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1、Period Four GrammarInversion感知以下课文原句，完成方框下的小题1Never will Zhou Yang (ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.2Not only am I interested in photography，but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.3Only if you ask many different questions will you

2、acquire all the information you need to know.4Here comes my list of dos and donts: dont miss your deadline，dont be rude，dont talk too much， but make sure you listen to the interviewee carefully.1倒装句有两种情况：一种为完全倒装；一种为部分倒装。例句 4 为完全倒装；其余为部分倒装。2否定副词(短语)( 如 never，neither ，nor，little ，hardly，not only，not u

3、ntil 等)位于句首时，句子常用部分倒装。例句 1 和 2 就属于这类情况。3only 后接状语(可为单个副词、介词短语，也可以为从句)位于句首时，句子常用部分倒装。如例句 3。英语中的倒装可以分为部分倒装和全部倒装。谓语的一部分(助动词、情态动词、be 动词)移到主语之前，而谓语的其余部分( 实义动词)仍保留在主语之后，这样的主谓倒装叫做部分倒装(Partial inversion)。谓语的所有部分都移到主语之前的主谓倒装叫做全部倒装(Complete inversion)。下面我们分别讨论一下它们各自使用的场合。一、部分倒装1表示否定意义的副词或短语，如 never，seldom，lit

4、tle，hardly，rarely ，in no way，in no case，at no time，by no means，in/under no circumstances，nowhere 等放到句首，要使用部分倒装。Little did he care about his own safety，though he was in great danger himself.他一点都不关心自己的安全，尽管他自己处在极大的危险之中。Never before has our country been so prosperous and powerful as it is today.我们国家以前从

5、未像现在这么繁荣富强过。In no case will you give up.你决不能放弃。Seldom in all my life have I met such a determined person.我一生中很少遇到这么有决心的人。2在 hardly.when，no sooner.than，not.until 引导的句子中，当 hardly，no sooner，not until 位于句首时，主句用部分倒装。Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来同学们才停止交谈。3 “only状语/状语从句

6、”位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装。Only in this way can you learn English well.只有用这种方法你才能学好英语。Only when a child grows up does he understand his parents intention.只有当一个孩子长大后，他才明白父母的意图。Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to master the language.只有每天都练习几个小时，你(们)才能掌握这门语言。注意：(1)位于句首的 only 引导状语之外的成分(如主语

7、) 时，并不要求倒装。Only she can always answer the question.只有她能一直回答这个问题。(2)“only状语从句”位于句首时，倒装是发生在主句中，而不是状语从句中。Only when the war was over could he go on studying.只有战争结束后他才得以继续学业。4当从属连词 so.that，such.that 中的“so形容词/ 副词”或者“such 名词短语”位于句首时，so 或 such 所在的句子要进行部分倒装。Such rapid progress did my nephew make that he was

8、able to keep a diary in English before long.我侄子取得了如此快的进步，他不久就能用英语记日记了。5so/neither/nor助动词/情态动词/be 动词主语。After that we never saw her again；neither(nor) did we hear from her.在那以后，我们从未见过她，也没有收到过她的来信。She has been to New York and so have I.她去过纽约，我也去过。注意：如果表示对前述内容的肯定或者附和，那么句子不用倒装。It is hot.So it is.天真热。的确如此

9、。6在 as 引导的让步状语从句中，通常把从句中的表语、状语或谓语中的实义动词提前至从句句首。Peasant as my uncle is，he owns a large fortune.虽然我叔叔是个农民，但他拥有一大笔财富。注意：(1)当表语是名词，且为单数形式时，其前不能加冠词。Teacher as she is，she doesnt know everything.虽然她是一名教师，但她并不知道一切。(2)although 引导的让步状语从句不倒装；though 引导的可以倒装也可以不倒装。7虚拟条件句中，if 引导的条件从句中若有 were，had，should，可省去 if，把we

10、re，had ，should 提至主语前，构成部分倒装。Were I you(If I were you)，I would grasp the chance.如果我是你，我会抓住这次机会。二、全部倒装1表示方向、地点或时间的副词 away，down，in ，off，out，up，here ，there ，now，then等位于句首且主语为名词时，使用全部倒装。Away went Jack.杰克离开了。Autumn coming，down fall the leaves.秋天来了，树叶落了。Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。注意：若主语为代词时，不倒装。There he wen

11、t.他走了。2表示地点的介词短语位于句首，且主语是名词时，全部倒装。Under that tree sits a beautiful girl.那棵树下坐着一位美丽的姑娘。用倒装结构完成下列句子1Were it not for the support of the teachers，the student could not overcome her difficulty.(2017江苏)如果没有老师的支持，这名学生不可能战胜困难。2Not until recently did they encourage the development of touristrelated activitie

12、s in the rural areas.(2016江苏)直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。3Only after talking to two students did I discover that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(2015湖南)在和两个学生交谈后我才发现拥有强烈的动机是达到目标的最大的因素之一。4Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the

13、 contract at home.(2015天津)只有当莉莉走进办公室的时候，她才意识到她把合同忘家里了。5Not only do the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.(2014大纲全国)护士们不仅要求提高工资，还要求缩短工作时间。6Were there/Should there be no modern telecommunications，we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.(2014福建)要不是有现代化

14、的电讯，我们就不得不等好几个星期才能得到来自世界各地的消息。7No sooner had Mo Yan stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.(2014陕西) 莫言一登上舞台，观众就发出了雷鸣般的掌声。.用所给词的正确形式填空1John opened the door.There stood a girl(stand，a girl) he had never seen before.2Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief(fl

15、ee，the thief)3In the dark forests lie many lakes(many lakes，lie)，some large enough to hold several small towns.4Little did Rose care(Rose，care) about her own safety，though she was in great danger herself.5Bill wasnt happy about the delay of the report by Jason，and neither was I(I，be) 6Ive tried very

16、 hard to improve my English.But by no means is the teacher satisfied(the teacher，be satisfied) with my progress.7So difficult did I find(I，find) it to work out the problem that I decided to ask Tom for advice.8Not only did they bring(they，bring) snacks and drinks，but they also brought cards for ente

17、rtainment when they had a picnic in the forest.9Unsatisfied though he was(he，be) with the payment，he took the job just to get some work experience.10Did Linda see the traffic accident?No，no sooner had she gone(she，go) than it happened.把下面的句子变为倒装句11You can expect to get a rise only with hard work.Onl

18、y with hard work can you expect to get a rise.12They actually broke the rules of the game at no time.It was unfair to punish them.At no time did they actually break the rules of the game.It was unfair to punish them.13Though they tried hard，they couldnt make her change her mind.Hard though they trie

19、d，they couldnt make her change her mind.14The arrow went up into the air.Up went the arrow into the air.15If you had come yesterday，you would have seen him.Had you come yesterday ，you would have seen him.16She was so brave that she faced the difficulty bravely.So brave was she that she faced the dif

20、ficulty bravely.17I did not understand the true state of the affairs until I read your letter.Not until I read your letter did I understand the true state of the affairs.18The days are gone when the smog happens so frequently.Gone are the days when the smog happens so frequently.19The singer had har

21、dly appeared on the stage when the audience rose and cheered.Hardly had the singer appeared on the stage when the audience rose and cheered.20My father doesnt smoke；her father doesnt smoke either.My father doesnt smoke ， nor/neither does her father.基础巩固.用所给词的正确形式填空1Never before has she(she， has) see

22、n anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.2Not until he retired from teaching three years ago did he consider(he，consider) having a holiday abroad.3This is not my story，nor is it(it ，is) the whole story.My story plays out differently.4Only after Mary read her composition the second time did sh

23、e notice(she，notice) the spelling mistake.5The headmaster will not permit the change in the course，nor will he give(he，give) it a thought.6Only when he reached the tea house did he realize(he，realize) it was the same place hed been in last year.7Its nice.Never before have I had(I，have) such a specia

24、l drink!Im glad you like it.8Is everyone here?Not yet.Look，there come(come) the rest of our guests!9Only when your identity has been checked will you be allowed(you，allow) in.10Only after my friend came was the computer repaired(the computer，repair).单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11Down the rain and we had to ru

25、n into the coffee shop to shelter from ecame12Several minutes later，out of the house a lady， who walked up to the poor boy with comingcamea glass of hot milk.13At that time，little she realize that she would one day own a big house with a doesdidswimming pool.14The teacher told a lot of jokes in Engl

26、ish，but did the students understand them and hardhardlylaugh at them.15Only after David left the summer camp he realize that he had missed a good chance to didimprove his Spanish.句型转换16He didnt realize the importance of English until he began to work.Not until he began to work did he realize the imp

27、ortance of English.17Though they were brave，the danger made them afraid.Brave though/as they were，the danger made them afraid.18Jim had hardly entered the house when it began to rain.Hardly had Jim entered the house when it began to rain.19You can improve the operating system only in this way.Only i

28、n this way can you improve the operating system.20A professor sits at the back of the lecture hall.At the back of the lecture hall sits a professor.能力提升.阅读理解Pet lovers were very angry.Last May，a news article appeared online.It said three states had passed laws limiting the number of pets each househ

29、old could have to only two.The news spread quickly， as many people shared the article on Facebook and other social media sites.But pet owners had nothing to worry aboutthe article was madeup.Many fake news articles are harmless，but others might have played a role in realworld events.When it comes to

30、 online news，even adults can have a hard time separating fact from fiction.Education experts say kids should start learning how to tell the difference early on.Of course，there are plenty of reputable websites you can visit to read the news.Wellknown news organizations，such as The New York Times and

31、the Associated Press，have their own sites.But many other online “news” sources arent always trustworthy.And many students have trouble spotting when articles arent entirely true or are trying to persuade them to think in a certain way.Real news organizations can make mistakes，especially when they ha

32、ve to report quickly on breaking news stories.But they usually print corrections.Why would someone purposely publish an article that isnt true？The most common reason is to make money.Websites are paid by the companies that post ads on them.Companies want to place their ads on sites that get a lot of

33、 visitors.So people create fake news articles with attentiongrabbing headlines to try to get users to click on them.Some of the biggest websites are trying to stop the flow of fake news.Last November，Facebook and Google banned fake news sites from advertising on their pages.Facebook is also working

34、with factchecking organizations to identify and flag fake articles.But experts say the best way to slow the spread of fake news is for people to be more skeptical(怀疑的) of what they read online.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。网络上的虚假新闻肆虐，对于网上看到的信息，人们应采取怀疑态度。21The first paragraph serves as a(n) .Aexplanation Bintroducti

35、onCcomment Dbackground答案 B解析 推理判断题。作者通过一个关于养宠物的虚假新闻开头引出下文要说明的虚假新闻问题。22What does the underlined word “reputable” in Paragraph 3 mean?APopular. BResourceful.COfficial. DReliable.答案 D解析 词义猜测题。画线词所在的第三段和上文是转折关系，通过 Of course 可以体现。上文提到了虚假新闻，所以第三段应该是指人们可以获取新闻的可靠的、可信任的网站，而第三段第二句中提到的纽约时报和美联社都是可信任的网站，因此选 reli

36、able。23Whats the main idea of the text?APeople create fake news stories to make money.BThe growing trend of fake news raises concerns.CIt is necessary for kids to be able to spot fake news.DMost people can easily spot a fake news article.答案 B解析 主旨大意题。文章第一段通过一个虚假新闻引出下文，中间文段提到了如何去辨别假新闻，以及真假新闻存在的原因，最后又

37、说明 Facebook 和 Google 等大型网站已经开始屏蔽虚假新闻了，而且专家也告诫人们对于虚假新闻应该采取什么样的态度，综合全文来看，虚假新闻已经引起了人们的关注。24What is the best way to reduce the influence of fake news?APrinting corrections quickly.BLimiting the use of headlines.CEncouraging readers to be doubtful about what they read online.DDeveloping the system of fac

38、tchecking and flagging fake news.答案 C解析 细节理解题。文章最后一段提到，虽然一些大的互联网站或社交网站已开设筛选并标注虚假信息以警示读者，但专家认为，应对虚假信息的最佳手段是鼓励人们对网上看到的信息持怀疑态度。由此可知，选项 C 为最佳答案。.完形填空(2018山东潍坊高二期中)Its always been a dream for Alex to take a trip with her mother，but it was a death in the family that 25 made them both realize how precious

39、life really is.“After losing my grandma，I 26 that neither I nor my mum will 27 be here，and that I cant 28 the right time to come， ” the 27yearold girl told The Huffington Post.“After a week of 29 ， my amazing mum and I are off to travel around the United States.We will be travelling from New York to

40、 Los Angeles interviewing 30 who are changing the world for the better and 31 the dream I had for a very long time: to travel together with my mother.I have taken a month off work and we are on our way. 32 are waiting！ ” Alex said.So in August，Alex and her 63yearold retired mother，Halina ，traveled t

41、o the United States for a threeweek 33 that took them from coast to coast.Alex is the 34 of Looking For Heroes，a social media project，in which she photographs many of the interesting people she meets with， 35 unique tidbits (花边新闻) of their life stories at the same time.The 36 mother and daughter tra

42、veled across the nation， visiting cities 37 Knoxville，Tennessee ， New York City，Los Angeles and Washington.Along the way they took photos 38 famous backdrops(背景) in each city， making some 39 memories.Meanwhile，Alex 40 much from her mother.Her mother often said “My 41 to young people would be to lear

43、n new things，and what you have learned will be your biggest 42 in life.With age you stop 43 about things that dont matter.With your priorities(优先权) changing ， 44 and health become the most important.语篇解读 亚历克斯是 Looking For Heroes 的编辑，和妈妈一起环游美国并进行采访，一路上她们对着每个城市的著名背景拍照，留下难忘的记忆。她妈妈对年轻人的建议是：要学习新事物，你所学到的将

44、是你一生中最大的财富。25A.finally BsimplyCmildly Dsecretly答案 A解析 是这个家里的一个人的死亡最后使她们俩都意识到生命真的是如此宝贵。finally 最后。故选 A。26A.promised BrealizedCguessed Dhoped答案 B解析 我奶奶去世之后，我意识到。realize 意识到。故选 B。27A.thus BevenCever Dforever答案 D解析 我奶奶去世之后，我意识到我和我妈妈都将不会永远在这里，我们不能等着这个合适时候的到来。forever 永远。故选 D。28A.think of Bput asideCwait f

45、or Dgive away答案 C解析 参考上题解析。wait for 等待。故选 C。29A.preparation BworkCconsideration Drest答案 A解析 准备了一周之后，我了不起的妈妈和我将要去环游美国。preparation 准备。故选A。30A.friends BrelativesCreporters Dinfluencers答案 D解析 我们将从纽约旅行到洛杉矶采访那些改变世界使之更美好的有影响力的人，同时实现我长久以来的梦想。influencer 影响者。故选 D。31A.connecting BdescribingCachieving Dimaginin

46、g答案 C解析 参考上题解析。achieve 实现，取得。故选 C。32A.Troubles BDreamsCResults DDangers答案 B解析 我休了一个月的假，我们现在正在路上。梦想正等着我们。故选 B。33A.adventure BcampaignCbusiness Dgathering答案 A解析 亚历克斯和她已退休的 63 岁的母亲旅行到美国，沿海湾进行了三周的冒险。adventure 冒险。故选 A。34A.actress BmodelCeditor Dstudent答案 C解析 亚历克斯是 Looking For Heroes 的编辑。editor 编辑。故选 C。35

47、A.inventing BsharingCpreparing Dhearing答案 B解析 她拍摄遇到的有趣的人们，同时分享他们生活故事的独家花边新闻。share 分享。故选 B。36A.frightened BamusedCastonished Dexcited答案 D解析 激动的母亲和女儿在这个国家旅行，访问城市。excited 兴奋的，激动的。故选D。37A.including BarrangingCcontaining Dexpecting答案 A解析 由空后的“Knoxville ，Tennessee ，New York City，Los Angeles and Washington

48、”可知，此处用 include“包括”符合文意。38A.into BaboveCagainst Dfrom答案 C解析 一路上她们对着每个城市的著名背景拍照，留下难忘的记忆。against 以为背景。故选 C。39A.unbelievable BunforgettableCunbearable Dunthinkable答案 B解析 参考上题解析。unforgettable 难忘的。故选 B。40A.received BsavedCseparated Dlearned答案 D解析 与此同时，亚历克斯从她母亲那里学到了很多。 learn 学习。故选 D。41A.position BexampleCadvice Dexperience答案 C解析 我对年轻人的建议是要学习新事物。advice 建议。故选 C。42A.goal BwealthCsuccess Dchange答案 B解析 你所学到的将是你一生中最大的财