2019-2020学年人教版英语必修五讲义含解析：Unit 1 Period Three

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1、Period Three Learning about Language & Using Language.写出下列单词的汉语意思(共 10 小题；每题 2 分，满分 20 分)1firework n烟火(燃放)2chart n图表3creative adj. 有创造力的；创造性的；独创的4cooperative adj.合作的5revolutionary adj.革命的；重大变革的6loop n圈；环7privately adv.私下地；秘密地8spin vi.& vt.(使)旋转；纺(线或纱)9reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃10universe n宇宙；世界.写出下列汉语对应的英语

2、单词(共 15 小题；每题 2 分，满分 30 分)11responsible adj.有责任的；负责的12construct vt.建设；修建construction n建设；建筑物13contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助contribution n贡献14. positive adj.积极的；肯定的；确实的15movement n移动；运动；动作16backward adv.& adj.向后地 (的) ；相反地(的)；退步地(的)17enthusiastic adj.热情的；热心的18cautious adj .小心的；谨慎的 caution n小心；谨慎19charac

3、teristic n特征；特性20physician n医生；内科医师21expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光22cure n治愈；痊愈；vt .治愈；治疗23challenge n挑战；vt.向挑战24absorb vt.吸收；吸引；使专心25suspect vt. 怀疑；n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯.写出下列短语或短语对应的汉语意思(共 10 小题；每题 2 分，满分 20 分)26apart from 除之外；此外27(be) strict with.对严格的28make sense 讲得通；有意义29make a contribution/contributions to 对作出贡献30be

4、 cautious about/of 对谨慎31in a sense 在某种意义上；在某种程度上32with caution 小心翼翼地33put off 推迟，延期34conclude.from.从中推断出 35blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人.完成句子(共 5 小题；每题 6 分，满分 30 分)36Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在那里，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。37So betwe

5、en 1510 and 1514 he worked on it，gradually improving his theory until he felt it was complete.于是，他在 1510 年至 1514 年期间从事这项研究，逐步改进他的理论，直到他感到完善时为止。38The changes he made to the old theory were revolutionary.他对旧理论所做的改动是革命性的。39He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going r

6、ound it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。40Yet Copernicus theory is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe are built.然而现在哥白尼的理论却是我们的宇宙观建立的基础。.Read the passage and match the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1 ANew observations didnt a

7、gree with the old theory about the earth.Para.2 BCopernicus theory is the basis of modern science about the universe.Para.3 CCopernicus was puzzled as he found the earth was not the centre of the solar system.Para.4 DCopernicus new theory that the sun was the centre could explain all the phenomena.P

8、ara.5 ECopernicus improved his theory by collecting observations and using his mathematical knowledge.答案 Para.1 C Para.2 A Para.3 E Para.4 D Para.5 B.Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers.1What made Copernicus frightened and confused?AThe fact that the earth was the centre of the so

9、lar system.BThe conclusion that the sun was the centre of the solar system.CThe fact that the earth runs around the sun.DThe fact that God made the world.答案 B2Why didn t Copernicus publish his theory immediately？Because .Ahe didnt think it completeBhe was afraid of being attacked by the Christian Ch

10、urchChis friends forbade him to do soDno one supported his ideas答案 B3When did Copernicus publish his theory?AAfter his death.BBefore he told his friends about it.CAs he lay dying in 1543.DCopernicus theory was never published.答案 C4All the following made it strange if the earth was the centre of the

11、solar system EXCEPT that .Asome planets in the sky seemed to stop or move backwardBsome planets in the sky appeared brighter at times and less bright at othersCsome planets in the sky seemed to go forward in a loopDthe sun goes around the earth答案 D5. Whats the Christian Churchs attitude towards Cope

12、rnicus theory?AThe Christian Church objected to Copernicus theory.BThe Christian Church was in favor of Copernicus theory.CThe Christian Church paid much attention to the theory.DThe Christian Church thought highly of Copernicus theory.答案 A重点词汇contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；投稿；促成，造成contribute.to.把捐献给；向

13、投稿contribute to 捐赠；捐献；有助于；导致；投稿联想 表示“引起；导致；有助于”的词汇还有：cause，lead to，result in，bring about 等。contribution n贡献；捐助make a contribution/contributions to 对作出贡献(1)3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution.(2018天津)3D 食物打印很可能有助于解决这个问题。(2)Everyone of us should make a contribution(contribute) t

14、o our society.我们每个人都应该为我们的社会作出贡献。单句改错(3)The evidence will contribute to the thief.catchcatching一词多义 写出下列句子中 contribute to 的汉语意思(4)Many people contributed money to the poor boy，which contributed to his returning to school.A writer wrote a story about it and contributed it to China Daily.捐款；促使；投稿(5)Th

15、e sharp increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults.导致Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.除了上面提到的句子结构，你也学了以下的词组。?apart from 除 之外；此外易混辨析 apart from，except，besides，

16、except forapart from 具有多重意义，既可以表示 besides，也可以表示 except 或 except for。except 表示从所提到的人或事中除去一部分，表示递减的概念。besides 表示“除了之外，还有” ，表示递增的概念。except for 表示对整体主要部分的肯定和局部的否定。选词填空 apart from，except，besides，except for(1)All the students took part in the sports meeting except/apart from Tom，for he was ill.(2)We need

17、three more chairs besides/apart from these two.(3)Apart from/Except for the ending，its a really good film.Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在那个位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。?make sense 讲得通；有意义make sense of 懂得；了解的意义make no sense 讲不通；没有意义in a sen

18、se 在某种意义上；在某种程度上in no sense 决不( 置于句首，句子用部分倒装)Theres no/little sense in doing sth.做某事没有意义。(1)I couldnt make sense of what he said.What he said couldnt make any sense to me.我不能理解他所说的话。(2)In a sense，I think he likes being responsible for everything.从某种意义上说，我认为他喜欢包揽一切。(3)Planning so far ahead makes no s

19、enseso many things will change.那么早计划是没有意义的那么多事情会发生变化。(4)Theres no sense in arguing(argue) with hershe is so stubborn!和她争论是没有意义的她那么固执！单句改错(5)What he said at the meeting didnt make sense of .His friends were enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious.他的朋友们都热情地鼓励他把

20、他的想法公之于众，而哥白尼却小心谨慎。?cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的be cautious about/of 对谨慎cautiously adv.小心地；谨慎地caution n小心；谨慎with caution 小心翼翼地(1)Ive always been very cautious about giving my address and telephone number to strangers.我在给陌生人我的地址和电话号码时非常谨慎。(2)The woman opened the door cautiously(cautious) and walked in.The wo

21、man opened the door with caution and walked in.这个女人小心地打开门，走了进去。经典句式Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在那个位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。“only状语或状语从句”放于句首要使用部分倒装，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词 be放在主语之前。(1)Only then did he realize that he had made a severe mistake

22、.只有那时他才意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。(2)Only by shouting and waving his hands could he be noticed.只有靠大声呼叫和晃动双手才能使人注意到他。(3)Only if a teacher gives permission is a student allowed to enter the room.只有得到老师的允许，学生才能进这个房间。名师指津 如果 only 修饰的不是状语，即使放在句首主句也不倒装。(4)Only she can do it well，for she is more experienced.只有她才能把它做好，

23、因为她更有经验。易混辨析 only if，if onlyonly if 只有，only if 本身不是一个固定词组。only 是副词，用来修饰整个 if 从句。若用于句首，后接从句，主句要部分倒装。if only 但愿，要是就好了，常引导含虚拟语气的条件句或感叹句。选词填空 only if，if only(5)If only I were a bird，I would fly in the vast sky.(6)Only if you eat the correct foods will you be able to keep fit.He placed a fixed sun at the

24、 centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转，只有月球仍然绕着地球转。with the planets going round it 是“with 宾语宾语补足语 ”结构，在句中作伴随状语。该结构作状语还可以表示原因、条件等情况。此外，此结构还可作后置定语。with 复合结构的具体构成：with宾语Error!(1)Youd better not go to sleep wi

25、th the windows open.你最好不要开着窗子睡觉。(2)The little boy ran along the street with nothing on.这个小男孩沿街跑着，什么也没穿。(3)We live in a house with many flowers around it.我们住在一所周围有很多花的房子里。(4)The thief was brought in with his hands tied(tie) behind his back.这个小偷被带了进来，双手被绑在背后。(5)I cant go out with all these dishes to w

26、ash(wash)我不能丢下这些要洗的餐具就出去。高级表达(6)The old man was walking slowly and his pet dog followed him.(改为 with 复合结构)The old man was walking slowly with his pet dog following him.单句语法填空1The boss of the company is very strict with the staff，so everyone there has to be completely strict in their work.2She never

27、lost her enthusiasm(enthusiastic) for teaching.3Cautiously(cautious)，he moved himself into an upright position.4The engineers have made great contributions(contribute) to the design of the Change spaceship.5If only I had taken(take) his advice at that time!6Provided you didnt try to make sense of it

28、，it sounded beautiful.7The environmental movement(move) has been trying to preserve our natural resources.8With his suggestions rejected(reject)，he felt upset.9She grabbed Norms arm and spun(spin) him around to face her.10We didnt see anyone all day，apart from a couple of kids on the beach.完成句子11Onl

29、y when he returned home did he realize what had happened.当他回到家时才知道发生了什么事。12We contributed much money to the earthquake fund last year.去年我们向地震基金会捐赠了很多钱。13There s no sense in making a child suffer like that.让孩子那样受苦没有道理。14English is one of the subjects in which I am interested.英语是我感兴趣的科目之一。15With winte

30、r coming on/approaching，its time to buy warm clothes.(with 复合结构)随着冬天的临近，是时候买暖和的衣服了。.课文短文改错There was a time when the powerful Christian Church believed God have made the world.It was that reason that the earth was thought to be the centre of the solar system.But problems arose.Copernicus had thought

31、long and hardly about them and tried to find an answer.Though, all his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion what the earth was not the centre of the solar system.When he placed a fixing sun at the centre of the solar system, the movement of the planets made the sense.The Christian Ch

32、urch rejects his theory.But her theory is now the basis on that all our ideas of the universe are built.答案There was a time when the powerful Christian Church believed God made the world.It havehadwas that reason that the earth was thought to be the centre of the solar system.But problems forarose.Co

33、pernicus had thought long and about them and tried to find an answer. ， hardlyhard ThoughHoweverall his mathematical calculations led to the same conclusion the earth was not the centre of whatthatthe solar system.When he placed a sun at the centre of the solar system, the movement of fixingfixedthe

34、 planets made the sense.The Christian Church his theory.But theory is now the rejectsrejected herhisbasis on all our ideas of the universe are built.thatwhich基础巩固.单词拼写1Its a great pleasure to have such enthusiastic(热情的) group participation in our project.2My teacher tells us that we should have a po

35、sitive attitude to life and have hope，no matter what happens.3Scientists watch the moon to get data about its movements(运动)4Its said that there is a kind of bird，which is the only one that can fly backward(s)(向后地)5We all look forward to the day when scientists can discover more secrets of the univer

36、se(宇宙).单句语法填空6They are likely to respond positively(positive) to the Presidents request for aid.7After he graduated from that college，he tried to join the army but was rejected(reject)8You should be cautious(caution) when you cross the street.9We explained our plans and he was very enthusiastic abou

37、t them.10Most of the factories under construction have been designed by Chinese engineers.单句改错(每小题仅有 1 处错误 )11Getting up early will contribute to your health.improveimproving12With all the work ，they hurried back home for lunch.finishfinished13He was very strict himself when he was young.inwith14Apa

38、rt his nose，he is goodlooking. from15Would it make the sense to save money while you can?.翻译句子16正是他的粗心大意造成了这起事故。(contribute.to.)It was his carelessness that contributed to the accident.17只有在大城市里才能买到新轮椅。(用倒装结构)Only in a big city was it possible to buy a new wheelchair.18对我来说很难理解这道题。(make sense of)Its

39、 difficult for me to make sense of the problem.19老板对承诺持谨慎态度。(be cautious about/of)The boss is cautious about/of making promises.20随着春天的来临，万物开始复苏。(用 with 复合结构)With Spring approaching/coming，everything comes to life.【能力提升.阅读理解AFlorence Nightingale was born in a rich family.When she was young，she took

40、lessons in music and drawing，and read great books.She also travelled a great deal with her mother and father.As a child，she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure.She enjoyed helping them.At last，her mind was made up.“Im going to be a nurse， ” she decided.“Nursing isnt the rig

41、ht work for a lady， ” her father told her.“Then I will make it so， ” she smiled.And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France.When she returned to England，Florence started a nursing home for women.During the Crimean War in 1854，she went with a group of thirtyeight nurses to the front hospital.

42、What they saw there was terrible.Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen and smelled.The officer there did not want any woman to tell him how to run a hospital，either.But the brave nurses went to work.Florence used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes，beds，medicines and food for the

43、men.Her only pay was the smiles from the lips of dying soldiers.But they were more than enough for this kind woman.After war，she returned to England and was honoured for her service by Queen Victoria.But Florence said that her work had just begun.She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for Nu

44、rses in London.She also wrote a book on public health，which was printed in several countries.Florence Nightingale passed away at the age of ninety，still trying to serve others through her work as a nurse.Indeed，it is because of her that we honour nurses today.语篇解读 本文介绍了护理行业的创始人南丁格尔，她为了护理别人而奉献了自己的一生。

45、21When she was a child，Florence .Awrote a book on public healthBknew what her duty in life wasCloved to help the sick peopleDwas most interested in music and drawing答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第二段可知，她很喜欢帮助病人。故 C 项正确。22During the Crimean War in 1854，Florence served in the front hospital where .Ashe earned a lot o

46、f moneyBwork was very difficultCfew soldiers died because of her workDshe didnt have enough food and clothes答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第六段第二、三、四句可知，当时的工作条件很艰苦。故 B 项正确。23Why was Florence honoured by Queen Victoria?ABecause she built the Nightingale Home for Nurses.BBecause of her old age.CBecause she worked as a

47、 nurse all her life.DBecause she did a great deal of work during the Crimean War.答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，正是因为在战争中所做的事情让她受到了女王的表彰。故 D 正确。24The passage can be best described as .Athe life story of a famous womanBa description of the nursing workCan example of successful educationDthe history of nurs

48、ing in England答案 A解析 主旨大意题。本文介绍了护理行业的创始人南丁格尔，她为了护理别人而奉献了自己的一生。故 A 正确。BHere are a few things to watch out for when you move somewhere new or are returning home after a long time away.Be careful on the road!The first thing that I did when I got out of the airport was to cross the road，but I looked the wrong way！In the UK the cars drive on the lefthand side of the road whereas in Spain they drive on the right.I almost got run over