2019-2020学年人教版英语选修六讲义：Unit 1 Period One

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1、When the Apollo astronauts landed on the Moon in 1969，millions of people were rather sad.The person to blame for this was an artist named Chesley Bonestell.For many years，Bonestell had been creating beautifully detailed paintings of the Moon and the planets.Viewers of his artwork were unhappy becaus

2、e the real Moon did not look like Bonestells pictures of it.As a space artist，Bonestell tried to make his drawings look exciting and as true as the Moon is.But in the 1940s and 1950s，no one had ever seen another planet up close.Yet Bonestells paintings looked so real that some people thought they we

3、re photographs.As a young man Bonestell studied architecturethe art and science of designing and making buildings.In 1938 Bonestell became a special effects artist in Hollywood.It was here that he learned he could improve his paintings by following the methods used in the movies.In 1944，a popular ma

4、gazine published a series of Bonestells paintings of the planet Saturn.He drew Saturn as if it were seen by someone standing on each of the planets moons.The results were dazzling(耀眼的)Within a few years，Bonestell s artwork appeared regularly in magazines and books on astronomy and space flight.Many

5、of Bonestells artworks had been right all along.But the biggest surprise was the Moon.Someone asked Bonestell what he was thinking when he saw the first pictures from the Moon.“I thought how wrong I was！” he said.“My mountains were sharp，and they arent on the Moon.”But he shouldnt have felt bad.No s

6、pace artist had ever before taken so many people to so many faraway worlds.In the years just before the first manned space flights，Bonestell s artworks prepared people for the amazing space adventure to come.判断正(T) 误(F)1The real Moon did not look like Bonestells pictures of it.(T)2Bonestells artwork

7、s were not highly thought of by the people.(F)Period One Warming Up & ReadingPrereading匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思第一组1realistic An .信任；信心；信念2abstract Badj.现实主义的；逼真的；现实的3faith Cn.目标；目的；vi .&vt.瞄准；(向某方向)努力4aim Dadj.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的5conventional Eadj.抽象的；深奥的；n.摘要答案 1.B 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.D第二组6typical Aadj.明显的；明白的7evident

8、Bn .巧合(的事)；( 事情、口味、故事等)相合8adopt Cadj.典型的；有代表性的9possess Dvt.采用；采纳；收养10coincidence Evt .拥有；具有；支配答案 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.E 10.B第三组11controversial Aadj.荒谬的；可笑的12attempt Bvt.预言；预告；预测13predict Cadj .争论的；争议的14shadow Dn.努力；尝试；企图；vt .尝试；企图15ridiculous En.阴影；影子答案 11.C 12.D 13.B 14.E 15.AStep 1 FastreadingSkim the pa

9、ssage and do the following exercises.1What does the passage mainly tell us?AHow religious paintings developed.BHow oil paintings developed.CHow Impressionist paintings developed.DHow Western art developed.2In what way is the passage developed?ABy time. BBy space.CBy comparison. DBy contrast.答案 1.D 2

10、.AStep 2 CarefulreadingRead the passage carefully and choose the best answer.1It can be inferred from the passage that classical Roman and Greek ideas were .Aimaginary BperspectiveCimpressionistic Drealistic答案 D2Which of the following are the styles of paintings about Modern Art?AAbstract and realis

11、tic.BAbstract and natural.CReligious and natural.DPeople and objects.答案 A3In which period can we find more paintings about people and nature?A20th century to today.B5th to 15th century AD.C15th to 16th century.DLate 19th to early 20th century.答案 C4What is the relationship between the Impressionists

12、and Modern Art?AThe Impressionists teach the modern artists how to draw things in perspective.BBy learning modern art，the Impressionists begin to look at their environment in new ways.CWith the modern artists help，the Impressionists know how to paint outdoors.DWithout the Impressionists ，maybe we wo

13、uld not see many kinds of modern art styles.答案 DStep 3 PostreadingAfter reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.Art 1.is influenced(influence) by the customs and faith of a people.Styles in Western art have changed many times.During the Middle Ages，the main aim of painters was to rep

14、resent religious themes.A 2.conventional(convention) artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people 3.as they really were.A 4.typical(type) picture at this time was full of religious symbols.However，during the Renaissance，new ideas and values 5.gradually(gradual) replaced thos

15、e held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a 6.more(much) humanistic attitude to life.One of the most important discoveries during this period was how 7.to draw(draw) things in perspective.As Europe changed a great deal from a mostly agricultural society

16、 to a mostly industrial 8.one in the late 19th century，these changes led to new painting styles.The Impressionists were the first painters 9.to work(work) outdoors.There are scores of modern art styles，but without the Impressionists，many of these painting styles might not exist.No one can predict 10

17、.what painting styles there will be in the future.Step 4 Sentencelearning1By coincidence，oil paints were also developed at this time，which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper.句式分析 本句是主从复合句，which 引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个句子的内容；从句中 made the colours used in paintings look richer and deepe

18、r 是“make宾语宾补”结构，宾补是不带 to 的不定式短语；过去分词短语 used in paintings 作后置定语，修饰colours。自主翻译 巧合的是，这一时期油画颜料也得到了发展，使得绘画中使用的色彩看上去更丰富、更深沉。2Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists，who lived and worked in Paris.句式分析 本句的主干是 Among the painters were the Impressionist

19、s，介词短语 Among the painters 位于句首，引起全部倒装。句中的两个 who 引导的定语从句分别修饰先行词 the painters 和 the Impressionists。自主翻译 在那些突破传统绘画风格的画家中有在巴黎生活和工作的印象派画家。3At the time they were created，the Impressionist paintings were controversial，but today they are accepted as the beginning of what we call “modern art”句式分析 此句是一个由 but

20、连接的并列句。they were created 是定语从句，修饰 the time；what we call “modern art”在句中作介词 of 的宾语。自主翻译 在印象派作品的创建初期，它们是存在争议的，但是如今它们已被人们接受而成为我们所说的“现代艺术”的始祖了。4On the one hand，some modern art is abstract；that is，the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes，but instead concentrates on certa

21、in qualities of the object，using colour，line and shape to represent them.句式分析 that is 为插入语； as we see them with our eyes 为方式状语从句；using colour， line and shape to represent them 为现在分词短语作方式状语。自主翻译 一方面，有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特性，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。.阅读理解A(2017浙江)Benjamin West，th

22、e father of American painting，showed his talent for art when he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed one.In those days，a brush was made from camels hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut som

23、e fur from the family cat to make a brush.The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look ragged(蓬乱 )His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.The cats lot was about to improve.That year，one of Benjamins

24、cousins，Mr Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamins drawings.When he went home，he sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings(版画) by an artist.These were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.In 1747，when Benjamin was

25、 nine years old，Mr Pennington returned for another visit.He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamins parents if he might take the boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.In the city，Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began a landscape(风

26、景) painting.William Williams，a wellknown painter，came to see him work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little，having been a poor student.But he later said， “Those two books were my com

27、panions by day，and under my pillow at night.” While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国著名艺术家本杰明韦斯特是如何开始他的艺术生涯的。1What is the text mainly about?ABenj

28、amins visit to Philadelphia.BWilliams influence on Benjamin.CThe beginning of Benjamins life as an artist.DThe friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.答案 C解析 主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的。故选C。2What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 suggest?AThe

29、 cat would be closely watched.BThe cat would get some medical care.CBenjamin would leave his home shortly.DBenjamin would have real brushes soon.答案 D解析 句意理解题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善” 。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知 D 项与画线句的意思相符。3What did Pennington do to help Benjamin dev

30、elop his talent?AHe took him to see painting exhibitions.BHe provided him with painting materials.CHe sent him to a school in Philadelphia.DHe taught him how to make engravings.答案 B解析 细节理解题。文章第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.”，接着下一段又谈到“.Mr Pennington gave Benjamin material

31、s for creating oil paintings.”，由此可知，潘宁顿送给本杰明绘画材料来帮助他发展艺术才能。故选 B 项。4Williams two books helped Benjamin to .Amaster the use of paintsBappreciate landscape paintingsCget to know other paintersDmake up his mind to be a painter答案 D解析 细节理解题。由文章最后两句“While it is likely that he understood very little of the

32、books，they were his introduction to classical paintings.The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.”可知，这两本书是他通往古典绘画的入门教程，也帮助他下定决心成为一名画家。故选 D 项。BCan you define great art？On the one hand，we can all see that great art is old art which is called great.But how do we know which art of our

33、 own times is great，and which will be forgotten？And who decides?These are important questions，for the great art of the past often was not considered great during its own time.When Shakespeare and Charles Dickens were writing，for example，most critics considered them as hack(平庸的) writers with little o

34、r no literary ability.Similarly，Van Gogh and many of the other impressionist painters of the late nineteenth century were not allowed to participate in events involving what were thought to be the “real” painters of the time，and often they were very poor.Yet today their paintings often sell for mill

35、ions of dollars，while those socalled “real” painters are now barely remembered.So what makes great art？Can，for example，rock music be great art？Music videos？ Cartoons and comics？Those who call themselves critics of the fine arts often have been the last to recognise great art in the past，and we can p

36、robably expect this to be the situation today.Critics often dont recognise great art because they tend to be prejudiced against what is popular.Popular works，whether they are novels，movies，or comics，are usually considered to be produced for the sake of money only，and not for the sake of art.But popu

37、larity，it seems to me，is one of the three signs that a presentday work of art may come to be thought of as great.The other two are that it is groundbreaking，and that it is inherently(内在地) beautiful.Many works have one or even two of these qualities of being popular，unusual and beautiful.But having a

38、ll the three will often mean that a work of art will someday be seen to be great，though it may take a good spoonful of time，such as a century or two，to know for sure.语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中阐述了什么样的艺术才是伟大的艺术，并指出它们的特点：流行性、突破性、内在美。5What is the purpose of the first paragraph?ATo explain what kind of art will

39、 become popular.BTo introduce some real painters to the readers.CTo introduce the writers confusion about art.DTo lead into the following points by arousing the readers curiosity.答案 D解析 推理判断题。作者在第一段中接连提出了几个问题，目的在于引起读者的兴趣，从而引出后文。故选 D 项。6What does the author want to prove by using the examples of Shak

40、espeare，Charles Dickens and Van Gogh?AThese masters works have some shortcomings.BThese masters wouldnt have been so successful without the critics.CTruly beautiful works of art are never understood when first created.DGreat masters were often not acknowledged while they were alive.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第二

41、段的主题句“These are important questions，for the great art of the past often was not considered great during its own time.”可知，伟大的艺术往往在自己的时代并不被认为是伟大的，而后列举的莎士比亚、查尔斯狄更斯以及凡 高的例子就是来证明这一点的。故选 D 项。7According to the passage，what do critics think of popular works?AThey will be out of date quickly.BThey are create

42、d for profit rather than for art.CThey might be presented in a popular form.DThey are thought valuable because of their low sale price.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Popular works，whether they are novels，movies，or comics， are usually considered to be produced for the sake of money only， and not for the sake o

43、f art.”可 知 ， 评 论 家 认 为 当 代 的 流 行 艺 术 是 为 了 金 钱 利 益 而 创 作 的 ， 不 是 为 了 艺 术 。故 选 B 项 。8What can be inferred from the last three paragraphs?ACritics have changed their attitudes to great works.BCritics comments determine great art works.CThe work of art itself determines its greatness.DPopular works tod

44、ay must become great art works someday.答案 C解析 推理判断题。文章第四段讲的是评论家认为流行的作品是为金钱利益而生，并不是伟大的艺术。倒数第二段讲的是流行性与突破性、内在美一样，是当今伟大的艺术作品的特征。最后一段讲的是有上述三个特征的作品总有一天会被认为是伟大的艺术。由此可推断能否成为伟大的艺术，关键在于作品本身的受欢迎程度、不同寻常的特点和内在的美，而不在于评论家的评判。故选 C 项。CLife can sometimes seem like an endless series of exhibitions.For those of us invo

45、lved in the art world，there are times when were constantly visiting gallery(画廊) after gallery，taking in as much as possible and getting to know the works of artists from far and wide.But there are some artists whose works consistently stand out.Some artists works stay in the thought and heart of an

46、audience long after the show is over.Ive noticed over the years that these are often the artists who have understood fully the skill of telling the story behind their art.These artists arent just selling paintingstheyre selling an experience.Roxanna Kibsey is one of these artists.Her paintings are o

47、ften exact descriptions of frozen tundra(冻原) or autumn treesso bright that they could nearly burn a hole in the canvas.When I met her at an exhibition，she couldnt wait to tell me about the place in her paintings.“Where I grew up we had nine months of winter every year.Its really quite a tough place，

48、 ” she said.She relived a part of her childhood when we chatted in front of her painting.The image brought to my mind memories of driving through the snowcovered countryside during my own first winter in Canada.I could almost hear the crunching ice under my feet as she described to me the countryside she grew up in.Businessmen may have their elevator pitch，but artists，too，need their 30second story which rolls freely off the tongue.Thats why its so