2019-2020学年人教版英语选修六讲义含解析：Unit 3 Period One

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1、Current Attitudes Towards Physical FitnessRecently we were told by a student that setting aside time for improving his physical fitness would be a total misuse of his working hours.He tried to convince us that he would be no better served by a fitness program than by learning to play bridge.The coll

2、ege and his preparations for a career were his only purposes.This students opinion is one of the many feelings that people hold about their personal involvement in a physical fitness program.Many people，including college students of all ages，spend little time on physical fitness program.There are va

3、rious reasons.However，what about the majority(大多数) who could do much more but do so little？Does one of the following statements sound like you?“I know its important，but I just dont have time right now.”“Im already fit，and with my schedule，Ill have no difficulty staying that way.”If one of the follow

4、ing comments fits you，perhaps you are failing to see the broader values of maintaining(维持) a high level of physical fitness.“Everyone in the dorm runs at night.Thats why I run.”“This weekend will be cool and nice.Saturday looks like a good day for a personal record.”If you see your own attitude repr

5、esented by one of the comments(评论)，we would suggest that you reexamine your approach to fitness and its ability to positively influence other aspects of your life.Keep in mind that all people are different and some may progress faster than others.In the final analysis，we think that although fitness

6、will not guarantee(保证) that you will live longer， it can help you enjoy the years you do live.判断正(T) 误(F)1It doesnt matter whether we set aside time for our fitness.(F)2Everyone spends some time getting physical fitness.(F)Period One Warming Up & ReadingPrereading匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思第一组1abuse A n.青少年；adj

7、 .青春期的2stress Bn.& vt.滥用；虐待3adolescent Cvt .禁止；取缔；n.禁令4ban Dn.压力；重音5due Eadj.欠款的；到期的答案 1.B 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.E第二组6tough Aadj .入了迷的；上了瘾的7addicted Badj.无意识的；自动的8withdrawal Cadj.惯常的；习惯了的9automatic Dadj.困难的；强硬的10accustomed En.收回；撤退；戒毒过程答案 6.D 7.A 8.E 9.B 10.C第三组11mental Aadj.畸形的；异常的12unfit Bn.结果；效力13effect

8、C adj.精神的；智力的14abnormal Dvt .停止；离开15quit Eadj .不健康的；不合适的答案 11.C 12.E 13.B 14.A 15.D第四组16desperate Aadj.失望的；沮丧的17disappointed Bvt .加强；巩固18ashamed Cn.理解(力)19comprehension Dadj .绝望的；拼命的20strengthen Eadj.感到惭愧或羞耻的答案 16.D 17.A 18.E 19.C 20.BStep 1 FastreadingSkim the passage and do the following exercises

9、.1Whats the main idea of the first part?AThe grandfather lives a healthy life because of his quitting smoking.BThe three ways of becoming addicted to smoking.CThe harmful effects of smoking.DA letter explaining how a smoker becomes addicted to cigarettes and why he should give them up.答案 D2Whats the

10、 main idea of the second part?AAdvice on how to stop smoking.BHow to prepare yourself.CSuggestions on breaking the habit of smoking.DMillions have managed to quit smoking and so can you.答案 A3Find out the main idea (or topic sentence) of each paragraph.Para.1 A Grandad talks about James problem of sm

11、oking.Para.2 BThe harmful effects of smoking.Para.3 CGrandad tells about the life he is living and the importance of a healthy life.Para.4 D Grandads hope for James and his advice on stopping smoking.Para.5 EThe three different ways of becoming addicted to smoking.Para.1： C Para.2：A Para.3：E Para.4

12、：B Para.5：DStep 2 CarefulreadingRead the passage carefully and choose the best answer.1Why did James grandfather write to James?ABecause he wanted to tell James his experience.BBecause he wanted to tell James the harmful effects of smoking.CBecause he wanted to help James give up smoking.DBecause he

13、 wanted to help James get some information.答案 C2In what way did grandad try to persuade James?ABy using scientific theory.BBy sharing his own experience.CBy sharing his sports activity.DBy telling him his failure in love.答案 B3According to the letter，James grandad .Adidnt give up smokingBused to be a

14、 member of the school football teamCis lonelyDwrote down the advice from his experience答案 B4Which is NOT the effect of smoking?ACausing terrible damage to heart and lungs.BAffecting the health of nonsmokers.CMaking the clothes turn yellow.DNot enjoying sport.答案 C5The following statements are true EX

15、CEPT that .AJames grandfather was tired when returning from a long bike rideBthere are three ways a person can become addicted to smokingCkeeping your hands busy will help stop smokingDsome people have to try several times before quitting smoking答案 AStep 3 PostreadingAfter reading the passage，please

16、 fill in the following blanks.Its easy for you to start smoking，but 1.once you become addicted to it，you may find 2.it difficult for you to quit.Firstly，you may become 3.physically(physics) addicted to nicotine. Secondly，you may develop the habit of smoking and finally become mentally addicted 4.to

17、it.Smoking may have all kinds of 5.harmful(harm) effects on the health of both the smokers themselves and nonsmokers around them.It not only affects your physical fitness，but also 6.does(do) harm to your heart and lungs and causes a variety of diseases.So，it s important that one quit smoking and liv

18、e a healthier life.7To quit(quit) smoking，you should be wellprepared and make a list of all the benefits you may get from quitting.8.Doing(do) something else like going for a walk，cleaning the house may distract your attention and help you to forget your need for a cigarette.But if you really feel b

19、ad，you should consult 9.a doctor or chemist to get some professional help.Remember，if you keep trying，you will 10.eventually(eventual) succeed.Step 4 Sentencelearning1Your mother tells me that you started smoking some time ago and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.句式分析 本句为主从复合句，that 引导的

20、宾语从句作 tells 的宾语，在 that 从句中 and 连接两个并列分句，其中在后一分句中“finding it difficult to give it up”为“finditadj.to do sth.”结构，其中 it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语 to give it up，形容词 difficult 作宾语补足语。自主翻译 你妈妈告诉我，你不久前开始吸烟了，而且现在你发现很难把它戒掉。2Believe me，I know how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.句式分析 本句中 beli

21、eve me 作插入语，know 后跟了两个 how 引导的宾语从句，其句式为“howadj./adv.主语谓语 ”，其中 it 为形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。自主翻译 相信我吧，我知道开始吸烟是多么容易而戒烟是多么困难。3I believed I was happier and more relaxed after having a cigarette, so I began to think that I could only feel good when I smoked.句式分析 本句是一个由 so 连接的表因果的并列句。I believed 后为省略从属连词 that 的宾语从

22、句，after having a cigarette 作时间状语。在第二个分句中，that I could only feel good作 think 的宾语；when I smoked 为时间状语从句。自主翻译 我那时认为，抽了一支烟后就会感到更轻松愉快，于是我就开始认为只有抽烟才能使自己感觉良好。4It is not easy to stop smoking, but millions have managed to quit and so can you.句式分析 此句是由 but 连接的并列句，其中第二个分句又是由 and 连接的并列句，其中的 so can you 是倒装结构，即“s

23、o情态动词另一主语”结构。此结构中除了用情态动词之外，还可以用助动词或 be 动词。自主翻译 戒烟不容易，但几百万的人已经成功地戒掉了烟，所以你也能。.阅读理解AThe effect of drinking coffee on health has long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty. Since the 1980s，some have spoken out against coffee as harmful to health，while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed be

24、nefits to health.According to a scientific report，mild coffee consumption，three to five cups per day，can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern，along with other healthful behaviors.The report also says that coffee consumption helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinsons d

25、isease.According to Dr.Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic，high consumption of coffee has health risks.Dr.Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body.Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee da

26、ily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people.According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr.Gregory Marcus，a doctor from the University of California San Francisco，daily moderate consumption of caffeine，less than 4 cups，is not associated with these issues.Until the sci

27、entific community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health，it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks.When informed of these possible health benefits and harms of drinking coffee，Harwood，a high

28、school student stated， “Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee， for the most part，coffee drinking sounds good for health.Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”语篇解读 本文讲述的是每天饮用适量的咖啡对身体有益，过度饮用咖啡则会对身体健康造成危害，并引发一些疾病。1What is peoples attitude towards the effect of coffee

29、 on health according to Paragraph 1?ADisapproving. BTolerant.CDoubtful. DMixed.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句可知，一些人抵制，认为咖啡有害健康；而另外一些人则支持，认为咖啡对健康有益，由此可判断出，人们的观点是好坏兼有的。2What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?APersonal. BSlight.CReasonable. DHeavy.答案 C解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“three to fiv

30、e cups per day，can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern，along with other healthful behaviors”可知，每天 35 杯咖啡，被认为是健康的，再结合画线词所在句中的“less than 4 cups，is not associated with these issues”可判断出，少于 4 杯属于适量摄入，故 moderate 的意思应该是“适量的，合理的” 。3What can we infer about Harwood?AHell keep on drinking coffee.BHe loves h

31、is high school life.CHe often falls asleep in class.DHe has some health problems.答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中哈伍德所说的话可知，大多数情况下，喝咖啡对健康有好处。更不用说，他需要咖啡来保持清醒。由此可以推断出，哈伍德还会继续喝咖啡。4What would be the best title for the text?APeoples Love for CoffeeBCoffees Effect on HealthCThe Culture of Coffee DrinkingDThe New Findi

32、ngs of Heart Disease答案 B解析 标题归纳题。本文主要讲述的是咖啡对人体健康的影响。适量饮用咖啡对身体有益，过度则影响身心健康。BSoda(苏打汽水), while sweet and inexpensive, may not be worth drinking.Sugary drinks can have many bad health effects, including a 26% greater risk of diabetes(糖尿病) for regular soda drinkers.And men drinking one can of sugary dri

33、nks per day have a 20% higher risk of having or dying from a heart attack than those who rarely drink them.The health effects of drinking soda also affect preschool children, heightening their chances of becoming obese at a very young age.According to Harvard School of Public Health, one in three ch

34、ildren in America are obese or overweight, and childhood obesity has tripled(增至三倍) in the last 30 years.Should government get people to reduce their drinking of soda and sugary drinks due to health effects?People in San Francisco were given the opportunity to voice their opinion on Proposition E, wh

35、ich suggested a soda tax(税) The tax, which needed to pass with a twothirds majority, would have provided money for health and physical education programs, and the hope was that it would also discourage citizens from buying unhealthy drinks.Although San Franciscos Proposition E failed to be passed，Be

36、rkeley citizens succeeded in passing the nations first ever sugary drink tax on their similar Measure D.People who were for the tax hoped that the price of sugary drinks would discourage people from buying them.Mexico recently introduced a tax on drinks, which, though not well received by the public

37、, was successful in reducing the amount of soda bought.After the tax was put into effect, Mexicos biggest soda production companys sales dropped by 6.4%.People who were against the tax were concerned about their right to buy whatever drinks they wanted, without any additional taxes.Those who also di

38、sagreed were the market, the bar, and soda industries, which would possibly lose money from reduced sales of these drinks because of the added cost.And although the Proposition E tax money was supposed to go to cityoperated programs, some citizens were doubtful about how well this plan would have be

39、en carried out.语篇解读 本文是议论文。饮用碳酸饮料对健康有很多不利的影响，政府是否应该向碳酸饮料征税呢？5Harvard School of Public Health found that in America .Asoda drinkers doubled in recent 30 yearsB26% of children are suffering from diabetesCthe number of obese children has increased greatlyDyoung soda drinkers often suffer from heart att

40、acks答案 C解析 细节理解题。由第一段中的“one in three children in America are obese or overweight, and childhood obesity has tripled(增至三倍) in the last 30 years”可知，哈佛公共卫生学院发现美国有三分之一的儿童肥胖或超重，而在过去的三十年中，肥胖儿童的数量增长了三倍。6What do we know about Proposition E?ASan Francisco citizens accepted it.BIt was passed successfully in B

41、erkeley.CIt aimed to reduce the sales of sugary drinks.DIt was meant to raise money for poor children.答案 C解 析 推 理 判 断 题 。 由 第 二 段 中 的 “the hope was that it would also discourage citizens from buying unhealthy drinks”可 知 ， 对 碳 酸 饮 料 征 税 ， 其 目 的 是 为 了 劝 人 们 不 要 购 买 不 健 康 的饮 料 。7According to the text,

42、the tax in Mexico .Ahelped prevent people buying sugary drinksBgreatly reduced the production of soda drinksCreceived a warm welcome from the local citizensDforced many soda production companies to close down答案 A解析 细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“was successful in reducing the amount of soda bought.sales dropped by

43、6.4%”可知，墨西哥实施的饮料税收成功降低了碳酸饮料的销量(即帮助阻止人们购买含糖饮料) 。8Those who were against the tax worried that it might .Anot be carried out smoothlyBaffect their rights and interestsCfail to achieve the expected goalDdo no good to society or the economy答案 B解析 推理判断题。由最后一段前两句“People who were against the tax were concer

44、ned about their right to buy whatever drinks.additional taxes.which would possibly lose money from reduced sales of these drinks because of the added cost.”可知，反对征税的人担忧税收会损害他们的权利和利益。CThere have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people belie

45、ve that they cant help putting on weight as they get older，while others hold that if they stop exercising，their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths：Ill never lose weightI come from a fat family.Wrong！ While we cant change the body type we are born with，we cant blame our genes for mak

46、ing us fat.Theres plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families，and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.I am fat because I burn calories slowly.Wrong！ Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢)In fact，although fat people consume(消耗

47、) more energy than slim people，they also fail to realize how much they eat！ Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.Exercise is boring.Wrong！ Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied(多样的) program thats fun

48、as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk，take a different route.If you do yoga，try a tai chi class.If you like swimming，set yourself a distance or time challenge.No pain，no gain.Wrong！ Exercise is not meant to hurt.Indeed，pain is your body telling you somethings wrong， and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experienc