2019-2020学年人教版英语选修六讲义含解析：Unit 4 Period One

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1、The Arctic will soon be free from ice，experts say.The change is sure to take place，but global warming and climate change are changing the earths landscape(地形) rapidly，causing anxiety worldwide.Experts say that the Arctic sea ice is melting quite faster than expected and it can affect not just the re

2、gion，but Earth in general.A scientist even says that next year，or maybe the year after that， the Arctic will be free of ice.Peter Wadhams，director of the Scott Polar Institute in Cambridge，said， “Most people expect this year will see a record low in the Arctics summer sea ice cover.Next year or the

3、year after that，I think it will be free of ice in summer and by that I mean the central Arctic will be icefree.” “You will be able to cross over the North Pole by ship， ” he added.Wadhams study says that melting sea ice will have a great influence on the planet since the sea ice is more capable of r

4、eflecting(反射) sunlight compared to water that can only reflect 10% of the sunlight.Once the sea ice melts，the water can only reflect a small amount of sunlight.This means that the Earth will receive and absorb more sunlight， making the planet even hotter.The year 2016 had already broken records of t

5、he hottest temperature ever recorded and the trend doesnt seem to show any decrease in global warming.“It doesnt look like the ice is healing and growing back， ” Tom Wagner，NASAs manager said in a report.Like Wadhams，scientists and researchers all over the world are lecturing around to educate peopl

6、e to help lighten global warming that has already changed the planets landscape.判断正(T) 误(F)1The speed of the Arctic sea ice being melting is beyond expectation.(T)2The Arctic wont be free from ice soon because of global warming and climate change.(F)Period One Warming Up & ReadingPrereading匹配左边的单词与右

7、边的汉语意思第一组1consume An.燃料2random Bvi.同意；捐赠；订阅3phenomenon Cvt.消费；消耗；耗尽4subscribe Dadj.胡乱的；任意的5fuel En.现象答案 1.C 2.D 3.E 4.B 5.A第二组6quantity Avt.反对；反抗7oppose Bn.量；数量8state Cn.大灾难；浩劫9trend Dn.趋势；趋向；走向10catastrophe Evt .陈述；说明答案 6.B 7.A 8.E 9.D 10.C第三组11range An.洪水；水灾12consequence Bn.旱灾；干旱13mild Cn.结果；后果；影响

8、14flood Dadj.温和的；温柔的；淡的15drought En.种类；范围答案 11.E 12.C 13.D 14.A 15.B第四组16famine Avi.趋向；易于；vt.照顾；护理17data Bn.资料；数据18byproduct Cn.化石19tend Dn.饥荒20fossil En.副产品答案 16.D 17.B 18.E 19.A 20.CStep 1 FastreadingSkim the text and do the following exercises.1This article may be from .Aan environmental magazine

9、Ba diaryCa novelDa story答案 A2Find out the main idea of each paragraph.Para.1 A the cause of the earths becoming warmerPara.2 Bthe consequence of burning fossil fuelsPara.3 Cthe increase of carbon dioxidePara.4 D global warming will go onPara.5 Epuzzles about global warmingPara.6 Fdifferent attitudes

10、 to global warmingPara.7 G an introduction to the passage答案 Para.1 ：G Para.2 ：A Para.3：B Para.4：C Para.5：D Para.6 ：F Para.7：EStep 2 CarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1 made accurate measurements of the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from 1957 to 1997.ADr Ja

11、nice FosterBCharles KeelingCGeorge HambleyDSophie Armstrong答案 B2Some scientists like George Hambley think that the temperature increase will .Acause a rise of several metres in the sea levelBcause the spread of diseases and the disappearance of speciesCencourage a greater range of animalsDcause seve

12、re storms，floods ，droughts and famines答案 C3The main difference between Dr Janice Fosters theory and George Hambleys lies in .Ahow to prevent global warmingBwhat causes global warmingCwhether global warming would cause serious problems or notDwhether the levels of carbon dioxide have increased or not

13、 over the years答案 C4Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?AGreenhouse gases refer to some byproducts of the burning of fossil fuels.BGlobal warming is a random rather than natural phenomenon.CThe temperature in the last century increased by as high as 5 degrees.DFewer greenhouse gases

14、 will gather in the atmosphere.答案 A5The author probably agrees that .Aactually global warming is good for manBwe should do nothing about global warmingCcatastrophes will happen if the globe keeps on warmingDa lot remains to be found out about the effects of global warming答案 DStep 3 PostreadingAfter

15、reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.There is no doubt 1.that the earth is becoming warmer and that 2.it is human activity that has caused this global warming.Many scientists like Dr Janice Foster believe that people have caused the increase in the earths temperature by 3.burning(

16、burn) fossil fuels like coal，natural gas and oil to produce energy whose byproducts 4.are called(call) “greenhouse” gases，the most important one 5.being(be) carbon dioxide.These gases trap heat from the sun and therefore warm the earth，without 6.which the earth would be about thirtythree degrees Cel

17、sius 7.cooler(cool) than it is.But increased amount of extra carbon dioxide means that more heat energy is trapped in the atmosphere 8.causing(cause) the global temperature to go up.9On the other hand，scientists like George Hambley believe that any warming will be mild with few bad environmental con

18、sequences and more carbon dioxide is 10.actually(actual) a positive thing.Step 4 Sentencelearning1There is no doubt that the earth is becoming warmer (see Graph 1) and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming rather than a random but natural phenomenon.句式分析 本句中 There is no doubt

19、 后接了两个 that 引导的并列的同位语从句；第二个同位语从句中 it is human activity that .phenomenon 是一个强调句，强调了主语 human activity。自主翻译 毫无疑问，地球正变得更加暖和(见图表 1)，并且全球变暖是人类活动造成的，而不是随意的自然现象。2It means that more heat energy tends to be trapped in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up.句式分析 本句是一个复合句。that 引导一个宾语从句；causing t

20、he global temperature to go up 为现在分词短语作结果状语。自主翻译 它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中，从而引起全球气温上升。3On the other hand，there are those，like George Hambley，who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air.句式分析 本句是一个复合句。there are those，like George Hambley 是主句。

21、who are opposed to this view and believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air 为 who 引导的定语从句。该定语从句又分为两部分，由 and 连接。are opposed to this view 为一部分；believe that we should not worry about high levels of carbon dioxide in the air 为另一部分，其中含有一个 that 引导的宾语从句。自主翻译 另一方面，有一些科学家

22、，像乔治汉布利，反对这种观点，他们认为我们不必担心空气中高含量的二氧化碳。.阅读理解AYou might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the worlds temperature.But rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation(撤离) of an island nationthe citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland.During th

23、e 20th century，sea level rose 812 inches.As a result，Tuvalu has experienced lowland flooding of salt water that has polluted the countrys drinking water.Paani Laupepa，a Tuvaluan government official，reported to the Earth Policy Institute that the nation suffered an unusually high number of fierce sto

24、rms in the past ten years.Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global warming to greater and more damaging storms.Laupepa expressed dissatisfaction with the United States for refusing to sign the Kyoto Protocol，an international agreement calling for industrialized

25、 nations to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions，which are a main cause of global warming.“By refusing to sign the agreement，the US has effectively taken away the freedom of future generations of Tuvaluans to live where their forefathers have lived for thousands of years， ” Laupepa told the BBC.Tuv

26、alu has asked Australia and New Zealand to allow the gradual move of its people to both countries.Tuvalu is not the only country that is vulnerable(易受影响的) to rising sea levels.Maumoon Gayoon，President of the Maldives，told the United Nations that global warming has made his country of 311,000 an “end

27、angered nation”语 篇 解 读 本 文 主 要 讲 述 了 全 球 变 暖 对 于 某 些 岛 国 ，特 别 是 对 图 瓦 卢 所 造 成 的 恶 劣 影 响 。1The text is mainly about .Arapid changes in the earths temperatureBbad effects of global warmingCmoving of a country to a new placeDreasons for lowland flooding答案 B解析 主旨大意题。这篇短文主要讲述了全球变暖造成的恶劣影响。2According to sc

28、ientists，the DIRECT cause of more and fiercer storms is .Agreenhouse gas emissions in industrialized nationsBhigher surface water temperatures of the seaCcontinuous global warmingDrising sea levels答案 B解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Many scientists connect higher surface water temperatures resulting from global wa

29、rming to greater and more damaging storms.”可以推断出一些科学家认为造成严重的暴风雨的直接原因是海洋表面水温升高。3Laupepa was not satisfied with the United States because it did not .Aagree to reduce its greenhouse gas emissionsBsign an agreement with TuvaluCallow Tuvaluans to move to the USDbelieve the problems facing Tuvalu were re

30、al答案 A解析 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句话可知，Laupepa 对美国不满意的原因是美国拒绝签署减少导致温室效应气体排放的国际公约。4The country whose situation is similar to that of Tuvalu is .AAustralia BNew ZealandCthe Maldives Dthe United States答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推断出马尔代夫(the Maldives)与图瓦卢的情况相似。BOur world has been greatly affected by climate change and it i

31、s important that people， young and old，work together to fight it.Perhaps the biggest factor is the action of our children.That is why I think it is important that children today learn to be ecofriendly at a young age.I believe the nation should require schools to have a class about being “green”Gree

32、n Living could be its name.Every school would teach students about global warming，its effects and what they can do to reduce their carbon footprint.In the classes，students could be assigned(分配) to find solutions to everyday energy problems，while learning about their effects on the earth and how they

33、 all can help.Students would be encouraged to use what they learned in class at home， where it would affect the whole family.Too many think that global warming is not a threat，but it is one of our biggest problems.How are children supposed to prevent global warming if they grow up not knowing about

34、its dangers？Children should be exposed to ways they can help in elementary school， which is why it is important that more schools offer environmental education classes.However，to be effective，schools must take steps to be “green” too.What would children be learning if the schools lights were always

35、left on and there were no recycling bins？When schools are rebuilt or new ones are built，towns should support an ecofriendly design that would save energy and reduce power bills.Green living and green schools are part of a new wave that should be sweeping the nation， but is not.How will our future le

36、aders respond after years of living in a community where preserving our worlds natural integrity(完整性) just isnt considered important？Schools and the government should be responsible for teaching young people about global warming quickly.Seriously，how many people does it take to screw in a fluorescen

37、t light(荧光灯) bulb? 语 篇 解 读 本 文 主 要 论 述 了 学 校 应 教 育 孩 子 们 从 小 了 解 绿 色 生 活 、气 候 变 暖 的 知 识 。5In “green living” class，children will .Alearn the ways to save energyBbe asked to find solutions to global warmingCbe encouraged to experiment with their effects on the earthDhelp reduce the carbon footprint of

38、 their friends答案 A解析 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，学生在课堂上可以学到节能的方法。6More schools offer environmental education classes to make children .Arealize that global warming is not a threatBhelp to solve global warming from an early ageCtreat global warming as one of the biggest problemsDknow about the danger of prevent

39、ing global warming答案 B解析 细节理解题。结合第四段最后一句可知，学校提供环境教育课的原因是使孩子们在很早就可以接触到解决气候变暖的方法。7What steps can be considered to be green?AThe towns should be designed in an ecofriendly way.BSchools should be enlarged to save energy.CTurn off the schools lights when everyone leaves.DRecycling bins should be new ones

40、 at school.答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第五段第二句“What would children be learning if the schools lights were always left on and there were no recycling bins？ ”可知，当教室里没人时，把灯关掉就是使学校“绿色化”的举措之一。8What might be the most suitable title for the passage? AGreen Living BOnline LivingCModern Living DSchool Living答案 A解析 标题归纳题。本

41、文主要论述了学校应教育孩子们从很小就了解绿色生活、气候变暖方面的知识，从而在将来可以更好地解决气候变暖的问题。故 A 项“绿色生活”作标题最合适。CPeople need to seek out new foods because the world has so many mouths to feed.As of 2017，there were more than seven billion people on the Earth，according to the United Nations.And by 2100 that number may double.Feeding all of

42、 these people means not only improving the way foods are grown，but also finding new sources of nutrition(营养)And that quest is becoming ever more urgent.If nothing changes，within 35 years，the worlds appetite(胃口) will be greater than the amount of foods produced.Thats according to a report published l

43、ast year.It was prepared by the Global Harvest Initiative，a private agriculture group based in Washington，D.C.Global warming，too，is changing food production.Scientists predict that rising temperatures will reduce the growth of important crops like wheat，corn and soybeans.Lowincome developing countri

44、es will be hit hardest.When harvests fall，crops become more expensive.And since those foods are also used to feed animals like cows and pigs，meat prices will rise too.All over the world，researchers are racing against the clock to figure out how best to feed more people in a fastchanging world.And so

45、me surprising ideas have begun to come up.Two years ago，scientists introduced the first burger made from meat grown in a lab.The project cost more than 300,000，but its a start.Other researchers are developing seeds that can survive high temperatures and drought.Still others are finding ways to impro

46、ve the genes of meat animals so they can produce more meat and can stand the heat.A gloomy(悲观的) forecast for the planet isnt the only reason to study foods for the future.Its a creative quest that will inspire people who can think in new ways about existing plants and animals.These researchers have

47、used their talents in ways that even they never would have predicted.语篇解读 本文主要讲述了在全球变暖的环境下，人们应如何应对日益膨胀的人口的温饱问题。9What does the underlined part “that quest” in Paragraph 2 refer to?AThe research on foods.BThe increase of population.CThe variety of nutrition.DThe change of appetite.答案 A解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句及下文中对食物的研究可知，画线词指对食物的研究。10How does global warming affect lowincome developing countries?ABy increasing the production of crops.BBy improving sources of nutrition.CBy reducing the growth of crops.DBy leading to the high cost of life.答案 D解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的内容可知，气温上升将