2019-2020学年人教版英语选修六讲义含解析：Unit 5 Period One

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1、In the past hundred years，there have been frequent natural disasters，such as floods，droughts，mudrock flows，earthquakes and typhoons.Some disasters did great damage to peoples life，one of which was Typhoon Meranti.It hit Fujian Province and Zhejiang Province in September,2016，leaving 28 people dead a

2、nd 15 others missing in the two Eastern Chinese provinces.Meranti，the strongest typhoon to hit China that year，made landfall in Xiamen City，Fujian， Thursday morning，with a maximum 17grade wind force bringing extraordinary rainstorms.Fujian provincial flood control authorities said Saturday that 18 p

3、eople died and 11 others were missing in the province.The typhoon damaged several cities in the south of the province，including Xiamen，Quanzhou and Zhangzhou.Direct economic losses in Fujian were over 16.9 billion yuan(about 2.6 billion US dollars) “Ten people died and four remained unaccounted for(

4、下落不明的) in neighboring Zhejiang after the typhoon brought heavy rainfall.More than 902 houses were destroyed and over 1.5 million people were affected， ” Zhejiang provincial flood control headquarters said Saturday.As Meranti waned(减弱)，Chinas meteorological authority(气象局) issued a yellow warn for Typ

5、hoon Malakas on Saturday，forecasting strong winds and heavy rain.Heavy rain would sweep parts of Zhejiang and Fujian，as well as central and north parts of Taiwan from Saturday to Sunday，with up to 120 millimeters of rain expected，meteorological authorities said.China has a fourcolor warning system f

6、or severe weather，with red the most serious，followed by orange，yellow and blue.判断正(T) 误(F)1Typhoon Meranti led to 38 deaths and 20 others missing.(F)2China has a fourcolor warning system for severe weather，with blue the most serious of all.(F)Period One Warming Up & ReadingPrereading匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思第

7、一组1erupt An.套装；vt.适合；使适宜2appoint Bvi .爆发；突然发生3wave Cn.波浪；vi.波动；起伏；挥手4absolute Dvt .任命；委派5suit E adj.绝对的；完全的答案 1.B 2.D 3.C 4.E 5.A第二组6database An.灰；灰末7evaluate Bn.问卷；调查表8fountain C n.数据库；资料库9ash Dn.喷泉；源泉10questionnaire E vt.评估；评价；估计答案 6.C 7.E 8.D 9.A 10.B第三组11actual An.靴子12potential Bn.头盔13helmet C a

8、dj.可能的；潜在的；n.潜能；可能性14boot Dn.设备；装备15equipment Eadj .实在的；实际的答案 11.E 12.C 13.B 14.A 15.D第四组16diagram An.火山17volcano Bn.飓风；风暴18lava Cadv.在旁边；prep .沿着的边19alongside Dn.图解；图表；示意图20hurricane En.火山岩；熔岩答案 16.D 17.A 18.E 19.C 20.BStep 1 FastreadingSkim the passage and do the following exercises.1What is the m

9、ain idea of the passage?AAn eruption occurred in Hawaii.BA volcanologists job is exciting.CA volcanologists exciting job and his first sight of a volcanic eruption.DA sight of an eruption is horrible.答案 C2Find out the main idea of each part.Part 1：Paras(12) AThe reasons why the writer is enthusiasti

10、c about his job.Part 2：Paras(34) BWhat the writers job is and the importance of his job.Part 3：Para(5) CThe writers experience of watching the eruption.答案 Part 1：B Part 2：C Part 3：AStep 2 CarefulreadingRead the passage carefully and choose the best answer.1The author doesnt mind the occasional dange

11、r of his job because .Ahe travels to unusual places and meets interesting people from all over the worldBhe likes the different ways of workingChe is excited about dangers and feels aliveDhe thinks his job is the most important答案 C2What does the author mean by using “lucky” in the sentence “I was lu

12、cky enough to have a much closer look at it”？AHe felt much safer on the top while the other two scientists climbed down into the crater.BIt was his first sight of an eruption.CIt was the first time for him to watch the crater.DBoth B and C.答案 D3What did the author do after he was appointed as a volc

13、anologist?AHe collected information about Mount Kilauea on the spot.BHe analyzed the data and predicted where the lava would flow.CHe persuaded people to move their homes out of the path of the lava.DHe saved people who were covered with lava.答案 B4Which of the following descriptions of an eruption i

14、s NOT correct?AIt causes great damage near the top of Mount Kilauea.BThe places where the lava flows are usually seriously damaged.CIt can be seen from a distance ，even in a house garden.DThe lava can fountain hundreds of metres.答案 A5When the author went to the location of the eruption，he .Aasked tw

15、o other scientists to guide himBwent close to the crater formed during the eruptionCwas wearing protective suits the same as the spacemanDcollected some lava for further study答案 BStep 3 PostreadingAfter reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.I often travel to unusual places and work

16、 alongside people from all over the world.Using scientific equipment 1.to collect(collect) information about volcanoes is my job.2.Although/Though my job is occasionally dangerous，I dont mind because danger excites me and makes me feel alive.3.As is known，when lava from the volcano flows，many houses

17、 will be covered 4.with lava or burnt to the ground.However，my job helps other scientists predict 5.where lava from the volcano will flow next and how fast，which can help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful 6.forces(force) on earththe volcano.I once 7.experienced(experience) the er

18、uption of Mount Kilauea and was lucky to have a close look at the 8.absolutely(absolute) fantastic sight.When it broke out， red lava was fountaining hundreds of metres into the air.All the lava 9.passing(pass) slowly down the mountain caused great damage and buried everything in 10.its(it) path unde

19、r the molten rock.Step 4 Sentencelearning1However，the most important thing about my job is that I help protect ordinary people from one of the most powerful forces on earththe volcano.句式分析 这是一个主从复合句，that I help .the volcano 为 that 引导的表语从句。从句中破折号起解释说明的作用。自主翻译 然而，最重要的是，通过我的工作能帮助保护普通百姓免遭火山的威胁这是世界上最大的自然

20、威力之一。2The lava that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain causes far more damage because it buries everything in its path under the molten rock.句式分析 本句的主句为 The lava causes far more damage，that flows slowly like a wave down the mountain 为定语从句，because it buries .为原因状语从句。自主翻译 而像波浪一样顺着山坡缓缓流下的火山熔岩所造

21、成的损失却大得多，这是因为火山岩浆所流经的地方，一切东西都被掩埋在熔岩下面了。3The other two climbed down into the crater to collect some lava for later study，but this being my first experience，I stayed at the top and watched them.句式分析 本句为由 but 连接的两个并列分句。第一分句主干为 The other two climbed down into the crater，to collect some lava for later st

22、udy 为不定式作目的状语；第二分句中this being my first experience 为独立主格结构作原因状语，句子主干为 I stayed at the top and watched them。自主翻译 另外两人攀下火山口去收集供日后研究用的岩浆，但我是第一次经历这样的事，所以留在山顶上观察他们。.阅读理解AThere are over 500 known active volcanoes in the world and thousands of extinct volcanoes.Volcanoes are found on every continent except

23、Australia.There are about 80 active volcanoes under the oceans.Volcanoes are both terrifying and fascinating.In order to understand why volcanic eruptions happen，it is necessary to know some things about how the Earth is made.The part of the Earth we live on is an 18milethick layer of solid rock cal

24、led the crust(地壳)Beneath the crust is a layer called the mantle(地幔)，it is hot enough to melt some of the rock，creating magma(岩浆) When the magma finds cracks in the Earths crust，it rises up.Gas bubbles(气泡) inside the magma grow bigger and try to escape as the molten rock gets closer to the Earths sur

25、face.When the gas bubbles cant be held back any longer，the volcano erupts.Imagine shaking a soda bottle until the gas inside blows the cap off，and you can understand something of how a volcano erupts.If the magma is runny(黏软的) ，and the gas can escape easily，the eruption is gentle.But if the magma is

26、 thick，the gas has to build up more pressure to escape.Then the eruption is explosive.When a volcano erupts，the molten rock that flows from it is called lava.The lava may run for some distance，or it may pile up near the volcano，making the mountain larger.During an explosive eruption，pieces of rock a

27、re thrown from the volcano.Scientists call these pyroclasts(火山碎屑) The smallest pyroclasts are called ash.Ash is often thrown into the atmosphere by the force of the eruption.Larger rocks，about walnut(胡桃) size，are called lapilli，Italian for “little stones”The largest pyroclasts are called blocks if t

28、hey are solid，or bombs if they are molten.Volcanoes have been a major force in the formation of our planet for thousands and thousands of years.Today geologists continually observe active volcanoes for signs of eruption.Using modern instruments，they are usually able to issue a warning before the vol

29、cano erupts.语 篇 解 读 本 文 向 我 们 介 绍 了 火 山 的 一 些 基 本 知 识 。1The author explains how the volcano erupts by .Amaking a comparison Btelling a storyCusing figures Dasking questions答案 A解析 写作手法题。根据第三段中的“Imagine shaking a soda bottle until the gas inside blows the cap off，and you can understand something of ho

30、w a volcano erupts.”可知，作者在说明火山怎样喷发时打了一个比方。2Whether the eruption is explosive depends on .Athe temperature of the crustBwhether the magma is thickCwhether the magma is near the mantleDthe number of gas bubbles inside the magma答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the magma is runny .Then the eruption is explosive.

31、”可知，火山喷发是否是爆发性的，取决于岩浆是否黏稠。3We can learn from Paragraph 5 that .Aash is smaller than pyroclastsBbombs are about walnut sizeCblocks are larger than lapilliDlapilli exist in the atmosphere答案 C解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的“The largest pyroclasts are called blocks .”可知，blocks 是最大的火山碎屑，故选 C 项。4The passage is most prob

32、ably taken from .ANational Geographic BEntertainment WeeklyCHealth DTV Guide答案 A解析 文章出处题。本文介绍了火山的一些常识，最有可能摘选自地理方面的杂志国家地理 ，故 A 项为正确答案。BSeeing a volcano erupt is a wonderful experience，and you can really feel the heat by climbing to the summit(山顶) of Pacaya for a closeup view.There are guided tours ev

33、ery day up this highly active volcano from Antigua，giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her most powerful.Pacaya is an easy drive from Antigua，a beautiful city with many colorful houses along its old streets that are turned into artworks during its Holy Week Festival.No matter when you

34、come to Antigua，you wont miss the Pacayatour companies.But climbing Pacaya is no easy job: it is 2,560 metres high，and reaching the summit takes two to three hours of seemingly onestepforward and twostepback movements.As you climb， you hear the dull sounds of eruptions high above.Steaming，hot remain

35、s from recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit: the McKenney Cone(火山锥)Just as though you are going to walk over to the edge of the cone，the road turns to the left and up to the relative safety of the old，inactive summit.Many tours are timed so that you arrive at the con

36、e of the volcano in plenty of time for sunset and the full contrast between the erupting red lava and the darkening sky.On a good day the view from the summit is extremely exciting.The active mouth boils，sending red lava over its sides，and once in a while shoots hot streams up to 100 metres into the

37、 air.There is a strong bad smell in the air even if you take care to be upwind of the cone.As evening turns deeper into the night，the burning lava quietly falls down the side of the volcano.For you，too，it is time to get down.语篇解读 红色的熔岩从火山口喷薄而出，直冲云霄，与黑色的天幕相映生辉，来自大自然的力量令游客叹为观止，流连忘返。5What is the main p

38、urpose of the passage?ATo attract tourists to Pacaya.BTo describe the beauty of Pacaya.CTo introduce guided tours to Pacaya.DTo explain the power of nature at Pacaya.答案 A解析 写作意图题。B 项“描述 Pacaya 之美” ；C 项“介绍去 Pacaya 的旅行” ；D 项“解释Pacaya 大自然的力量” 。这三项本文都是点到为止，其最终目的是想吸引游客去 Pacaya。6Antigua is an island .Awhe

39、re people can enjoy cultural festivalBwhere the daring Pacaya tour startsCthat gives a closeup view of PacayaDthat is famous for its tour companies答案 B解析 细节理解题。由第一段最后一句“There are guided tours every day up this highly active volcano from Antigua，giving travelers a chance to see Mother Nature at her m

40、ost powerful.”可知，安提瓜(Antigua)是冒险之游的起点。7Climbing to the McKenney Cone，people will .Awalk directly to the active summitBhear the continuous loud noise from aboveCmake greater efforts than to other summitsDsee a path lined with remains of earlier eruptions答案 D解析 细节理解题。由第三段第三句“Steaming，hot remains from

41、recent eruptions begin to line the path as you near the active summit：the McKenney Cone(火山锥) ”可知 D 项正确。8Many tours are timed for people to .Aget down the mountain in time when night fallsBavoid the smell from the upwind direction of the coneCenjoy the fantastic eruption against the darkening skyDapp

42、reciate the scenery of the 2,560metrehigh mountain答案 C解析 细节理解题。由最后一段第一句可知，要准时到达火山锥才能欣赏到日落及岩浆喷发到黑色天空中的壮观景色。CThe McDonald family from Glasgow，Scotland ，were on holiday in Western Australia when their vehicle broke down in a desert area ninety miles north of the town of Laverton.This happened on a Tues

43、day，and the McDonalds were expected to arrive in the city of Kalgoorlie on Wednesday evening.When they did not show up，Mrs McDonald s brother told the local police.A spokesperson from the rescue team that discovered the McDonalds vehicle said that the family planned carefully for their desert trip.T

44、hey knew that they needed to stay with their vehicle instead of setting out to seek help，and they did the right thing by lighting a fire as a signal to attract attention.When it comes to making a desert trip，the spokesperson also suggested bringing warm clothing for the cold nights and light clothin

45、g，hats ， and sunscreen for the hot days.Besides， travelers should have a wellstocked survival kit(装备) including a firstaid kit，map，matches or lighter，and a knife.They should also make sure to pack plenty of food and water，spare tires(轮胎) ，and fuel.The spokespersons final suggestion was to tell a fri

46、end or family member about your travel plans.After the unpleasant experience，John McDonald told reporters that he had read quite a lot about desert survival before coming to Australia.He knew that if they had tried to walk to the nearest town，they would not have been able to carry enough water and t

47、hat they had to cut down on what they ate，because digestion requires a great deal of water.Mr McDonald said he was extremely happy to see the rescue team and thankful that his family had survived.When asked what advice he could share with other possible desert travelers，Mr McDonald said， “Dont panic

48、.Stay where you are and wait to be rescued.” This trip through the Australian desert is one vacation the McDonald family will never forget!语 篇 解 读 本 文 是 记 叙 文 ，讲 述 了 McDonald一 家 在 被 困 沙 漠 后 得 到 救 援 的 故 事 。9Where was the McDonald family on Tuesday? AIn an Australian desert. BIn the city of Kalgoorlie.CAt a local police station. DAt the town of Laverton.答案 A解析 细节理