2019-2020新学练考英语必修五译林版精练:Unit 2 Section Ⅰ 知能演练轻松闯关(含解析)
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1、A 卷 阅读理解A Animals can move from place to place,but plants cannot. When an animal is under attack, it can run away or fight back. Plants certainly cannot run away, and they lack teeth and claws.But plants can defend themselves by using both physical and chemical means.Some plants have their own ways
2、to keep animals away. For example, the leaves of the holly plant have sharp spines(刺) that discourage grasseating animals. Holly leaves on lower branches have more spines than leaves on upper branches. This is because the lower leaves are easier for most animals to reach.Some plants, such as the oak
3、 tree, have thick and hard leaves that are difficult for animals to eat. Some grass may contain a sandy material;eating such grass wears down the animals teeth.Many plants also have chemical defenses. Some plants produce chemicals that taste bitter or cause an unpleasant reaction. Some plants may fi
4、ght against an attack by increasing the production of these chemicals. When a caterpillar(毛虫) bites a tobacco leaf, the leaf produces a chemical messenger. This messenger sends to the roots the information to produce more nicotine. The higher levels of nicotine discourage the caterpillar.Many plants
5、 depend on both physical and chemical defenses.A certain plant in China, for instance, has prickly(多刺的) leaves, and each prickle contains poisonous venom(毒液)A single experience with this kind of plant will teach an animal to stay away from it in the future.【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了植物的一些防御外敌侵犯的方法。1The holly pla
6、nt has more spines on the lower leaves because most animals _Aare not tall enoughBlike the lower leaves onlyCare not clever enoughDcan get the lower leaves easilyD 解析:细节理解题。文章第二段介绍 ,冬青植物底部的叶子刺更多是一种自我保护手段,因为底部的叶子容易被动物吃掉。2To defend themselves, oak trees use _Achemical means Bphysical meansCbitter chem
7、icals Dsandy materialsB 解析:细节理解题。由文章第三段可知,橡树是采取“物理”手段保护自己。3How does tobacco protect itself against an attack from a caterpillar?AIts leaves fight against the attack by physical means.BIts roots send a messenger to discourage the caterpillar.CIts roots increase the production of nicotine when it is a
8、ttacked.DIts leaves produce poisonous sand to drive the caterpillar away.C 解析:细节理解题。文章倒数第二段介绍 ,当“烟草”受到毛虫袭击的时候,它会传送信息到根部,增加“尼古丁”的含量。4What would be the best title for this passage?APlants and AnimalsBHow Plants Defend ThemselvesCAttacks and DefensesDHow Animals Eat Plant LeavesB 解析:标题归纳题。从文章介绍的“植物受到动物
9、攻击时采取自我保护或防御手段”可得出答案。B A few years ago,I read about an eightyearold girl who studied elephant poaching(偷猎) in school and made a poster for her local grocery store.The slogan read, “Save the elephants.Dont buy Ivory Soap,or they will die out.” What the girl had done taught me a lesson.Since then,I ha
10、ve looked at eightyearolds in a different way.As an environmental educator,I used to teach eightyearolds about the harm of elephant poaching, rainforest destruction,and global warming.I had a degree in natural sciencebut not in child development.What did I think I was accomplishing by putting my env
11、ironmental concerns on the shoulders of kids who still believe in fairy tales(童话故事)?Kids develop the fear of nature when their primary contact with the natural world is hearing bad news about the environment.If I wanted to inspire conservation action, I needed to change my ways, but how?I came acros
12、s some research by psychologist Louise Chawla.She wanted to know what had gone on in the childhoods of adults who are good environmental citizens.She found two things most common.They had free time to explore the rivers or woods down the street, and they had an adult in their lives who was enthusias
13、tic about the natural world.I understand now that what turned me into a good person today was a childhood spent playing in the field and having a dad who knew that finding a lobster(龙虾) under a rock was better than finding treasure.So thats what I was doing when I was eight years oldlooking under ro
14、cks,climbing trees,and picking wild flowers.I didnt know a thing about the Clean Air Act that was being debated in congress at that time.I didnt hear a lot of environmental problems.But I built a relationship with nature and I grew up to care.Now I treat my own kids like the child I was.My kids turn
15、 off the water when they brush their teeth and turn off the lights when they leave a room.【解题导语】 人类赖以生存的大自然正在被严重破坏,保护环境应该从孩子抓起,帮助孩子从小建立与自然的关系。5What can be inferred from the first two paragraphs?AThe author felt very proud of herself.BThe author took action to save the elephants.CThe author thought h
16、er teaching was a failure.DThe author doubted the natural science.C 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的 What did I think.believe in fairy tales(童话故事)?以及第二段中的 I needed to change my ways 可知, 作者认为自己的教育方法是不可取的。6How do children react when learning about environmental problems?AThey tend to ignore the problems.BThey become
17、scared of nature.CThey hate to learn natural science.DThey want to help solve the problems.B 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的 Kids develop the fear.bad news about the environment.可知,让孩子们了解了环境问题会导致他们对大自然产生恐惧。7The author mentions the research in order to show_Ahow to have a happy childhoodBwhat the best way to get cl
18、ose to nature isChow to change childrens bad behaviorDwhat makes children care about the environmentD 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的 She wanted to know what.environmental citizens.可知,该研究主要解释了是什么影响了孩子,让他们长大后为保护环境出一份力。8What is mainly discussed in the passage?AThe harm of hunting animals.BThe causes of environmental
19、 problems.CThe importance of encouraging kids to protect nature.DThe right methods of developing childrens idea of nature.D 解析:主旨大意题。本文主要阐述了教育和环境保护之间的关系,作者通过实例论述了一个道理:让孩子拥有环保思想的正确教育方式不是让他们感到害怕,而是让他们心中充满对大自然的爱。CMost Americans seem to have a strong desire for variety in their diets,judging by the popu
20、larity of foreign restaurants.But though many people would be willing to sample a curry(咖喱) dish from India,a real Hungarian goulash(红烩牛肉),or even Japanese sushi(寿司 ),very few would want to enjoy a kind of food that is popular in many countries:insects.Eating insects actually is obviously reasonable
21、.There are certainly enough of them around, and though most are too small to bother with,many grow to a respectable size or in dense groups that can be easily harvested.They are very nutritious.After all,many birds and mammals take in diets consisting of nothing but insects.And since insects contain
22、 a fair amount of salt, they are already well seasoned.Indeed,in those countries where insects are eaten,they are usually considered very delicious food.Caterpillars(毛毛虫) are a popular dish in Mexico,where they are fried and served under the name of “agave worms”;and chocolatecovered bees and ants a
23、re favorite candies in Switzerland.It is unlikely that canned grasshoppers(蚱蜢) will become popular in America in the near future,but who knows?Perhaps in years to come people will rid themselves of their prejudice(偏见) against insects and will find themselves going out to dig for grubs as eagerly as
24、others now go out to gather mushrooms.9The writer bases his opinion that most Americans long for different kinds of food on the fact that_Afew Americans love to eat insectsBthey can sample different kinds of foreign dishesCforeign restaurants are popular in the US.Dthey will come to like eating inse
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