2019-2020学年外研版英语必修五讲义：Module 6 Period One

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1、Here are some of the fastest animals in the animal world.As you read about them，remember that the top speed of human runners is 20 to 25 miles an hour.And the fastest human runners can only run at this speed for a few hundred yards(码) Heavy people do not run very fast.But some heavy animals can run

2、at amazing speed.Black rhinos can run at a speed of almost 30 miles an hour，even though they may weigh over 3,500 pounds.Cheetahs are the fastest land mammals(哺乳动物) over short distances(距离)They can run at a speed of over 70 miles an hour.But they get tired quickly and usually stop after a few hundre

3、d yards.Pronghorn antelopes are the fastest land mammals over long distances.They can run at a speed of 35 miles an hour for many miles.Their top speed is probably more than 50 miles an hour.Hummingbirds are the smallest birds.But they move their wings(翅膀) faster than other birds.Some of them beat t

4、heir wings 4,500 times a minute.Ostriches cant fly，but they can run faster than other birds and most other animals as well.They can run at a top speed of 43 miles an hour for a short distance，but can keep up a speed of more than 30 miles an hour over long distances.They are also the largest of all b

5、irds，and they lay the largest eggs.阅读短文，选择正确答案1What are the fastest land mammals over short distances?ACheetahs. BPronghorn antelopes.CHorses. DElephants.答案 A2The top speed of pronghorn antelopes may be over miles an hour.A20 B30 C35 D50答案 D3Ostriches can run more than miles an hour over long distan

6、ces.A50 B43 C35 D30答案 DPeriod One Introduction & ReadingPrereading匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思第一组1endanger An.栖息地2reserve Bn.挣扎；斗争3habitat Cadj .灭绝的；绝种的4extinct Dvt.危及；使处于险境5struggle En.保护区；保护圈答案 1.D 2.E 3.A 4.C 5.B第二组6wildlife An.(藏) 羚羊7protect Bn.野生生物8poacher Cn.战斗9antelope Dn.盗猎者；偷猎者10battle Evt .保护答案 6.B 7.E

7、 8.D 9.A 10.C第三组11plateau Aadj.值钱12ideal Bn.牧群；兽群13shawl Cn.高原14herd Dn.披肩15worth Eadj.理想的答案 11.C 12.E 13.D 14.B 15.A第四组16skin An.& vt .(警方的) 突击搜查17spot Bn.环境；情况18raid Cvt.没收19confiscate Dvt.剥皮；去皮20condition En.(某事发生的)准确地点；现场21meanwhile Fn.(尤指买卖贵重商品的) 商人22dealer Gadv.同时答案 16.D 17.E 18.A 19.C 20.B 21

8、.G 22.FStep 1 Fastreading True(T) or False(F)1On a cold day，Jiesang Suonandajie was looking for a group of lost tourists.( F )2A large number of antelopes have been killed for their meat.( F )3Shawls made from the antelope wool came into fashion in the 1980s.( F )4Little progress has been made in pr

9、otecting the antelopes.( F )5International cooperation on protecting antelopes is also progressing.( T )Step 2 Carefulreading Choose the best answer according to the passage.1Why was Jiesang looking for the poachers?ATo fight with them.BTo join them in hunting.CTo stop them from killing the antelope

10、s.DTo ask them to hunt.答案 C2The poachers were surprised at .AJiesangs order to ask them to put down their gunsBJiesang s quick movementCJiesang s braveryDbeing found by Jiesang答案 C3The quick decrease of the antelopes is due to .Athe freezing and bad living conditionsBtheir expensive woolCthe illegal

11、 export of the shawlsDthe killing from the poachers答案 D4What has the Chinese government done to protect the antelopes in the past years?AThe government has passed laws to ban the trade of the wool from the antelopes.BThe government has set up nature reserves.CThe government has caught the poachers a

12、nd confiscated their vehicles.DAll of the above.答案 D5Which of the following statements is NOT the reason for the increase of the antelopes?AThe Chinese government has won the battle against the poachers.BThe Chinese government has taken an active part in protecting the antelopes.CMany volunteers com

13、e from all over the country to help.DThe cooperation between the countries.答案 AStep 3 Postreading After reading the passage，please fill in the following blanks.1On a freezing cold day in January 1994，Jiesang Suonandajie found 2.what he was looking fora group of poachers who were killing the endanger

14、ed Tibetan antelope.In the following battle，he 3.was shot(shoot) and killed.He had given 4.his(he) life to save the Tibetan antelope.By the 1990s the number of the Tibetan antelopes 5.had fallen(fall) to about 50,000.The reason is 6.that the wool of the Tibetan antelope is the most expensive in the

15、world.Often working at night，the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time,7.leaving(leave) only the babies， whose wool is not worth so much.The animals are skinned on the spot and the wool is taken to India 8.to make(make) shawls.The shawls are exported to rich countries in North America an

16、d Europe.In the 1990s the Chinese government began to take 9.an active part in protecting the antelopes.Since 1997 the antelope population has 10.slowly(slow) begun to grow again.Step 4 Sentencelearning 1Often working at night，the poachers shoot whole herds of antelopes at a time，leaving only the ba

17、bies，whose wool is not worth so much.句式分析 本句是一个复合句。Often working at night 是现在分词短语作伴随状语；leaving only the babies 是现在分词短语作结果状语； whose 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰the babies。自主翻译 那些偷猎者常常在夜里出动，一次就捕杀掉整群的藏羚羊，只留下那些毛不怎么值钱的幼崽。2The small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all ov

18、er the country，and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres.句式分析 本句中含有三个 who 引导的定语从句，第一个从句修饰 officials，第二个和第三个从句由并列连词 and 连接，修饰 volunteers，who 在从句中都作主语。自主翻译 工作在保护区的一小群政府官员们得到了来自全国各地的、愿意忍受海拔 5 000 米恶劣生活环境的志愿者们的支持。.阅读理解AAbout 97% of the worlds water is salty and is found in o

19、ur oceans and seas.But，as we cant drink sea water，how can it be important?Every part of our seas and oceans contains an amazing number of animals and fish that live at different ocean depths.Most of the different species of animals and fish depend on simple plants for their food.These simple plants

20、called algae(海藻)drift near the surface of the ocean and use sunlight to turn carbon dioxide and water into food and oxygen.In fact，the algae produce over half of the oxygen people breathe.How important seawater is!Each plant or animal in our seas and oceans is an important link in a food chain.The a

21、lgae are eaten in large amounts by microscopic animals，which are in turn consumed by larger animals.These food chains are delicately balanced.The bad news about the food chains in the oceans is that they are under threat because of man.People once thought that the oceans were so big that it didnt ma

22、tter if we dumped rubbish into them or caught huge quantities of fish and whales for food.But we now know this is not true and fish stocks in the oceans have started to drop.Thankfully，the world is taking steps to protect the future of our oceans by introducing international agreements to protect ma

23、rine habitats.Most countries have introduced fishing restrictions to protect fish stocks in the oceans and new techniques are being pioneered to cope with pollution.Finally，the importance of protecting oceans is being made known to more people.This is just the beginning of a long process to protect

24、the oceans for our future.We depend on the oceans for fish which are an important part of the human diet.How important sea water is!语篇解读 海洋对人类的生存起到至关重要的作用，但是人类在很长一段时间内对海洋造成了污染和破坏，现在各国都在努力采取措施保护海洋。1People used to think that the rubbish thrown into the sea .Awouldnt harm the fish in the seaBwould chan

25、ge the balance of the food chainCwould be broken down in the seaDwouldnt do much harm to the sea答案 D解析 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，过去人类认为将垃圾倒入大海不会对大海造成破坏。2From the passage，we learn that .Amost fish and sea animals live at the surface of the seasBit is very difficult to break the balance of a food chainCexcessi

26、ve fishing has caused the decrease in fish stocksDit wont be long before the problems concerning oceans will be solved答案 C解析 推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句可知，过去人们觉得过度捕捞鱼类无关紧要，现在人类已经认识到原先的做法是不正确的，而且鱼类资源已经开始减少，可知过度的捕捞造成了这一结果。3Which of the following is NOT a way used to protect oceans?AThe use of international agreem

27、ents.BForbidding fishing to protect fish stocks.CThe use of new techniques.DRaising peoples awareness of the need to protect oceans.答案 B解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，很多国家限制鱼类的捕捞，而不是禁止，故 B 项不正确。4What would be the best title of the passage?AThe Importance of SeawaterBLife in the OceansCHow to Protect Food Chai

28、nsDHow to Deal with Seawater Pollution答案 A解析 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第二段最后一句“How important seawater is！”可知，本文讲述的是海水的重要性。故 A 项作本文标题最佳。BThe Lifecycle of a TshirtWe all probably have a lot of Tshirts，but do you ever stop and think about the influence of a Tshirt on the planet? Youd probably be surprised to learn

29、whats involved in the lifecycle of just one Tshirt.There are 5 major stages: material，production，shipping， use and disposal.The material stage involves farming，irrigating ，fertilizing ，harvesting and ginning.While cotton is a natural fiber and not as harmful to the environment as manmade fibers，it s

30、till takes a toll in the material and production stages.Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water，and the use of pesticides(杀虫剂) is widespread across the globe，especially in cotton farming.Studies have shown that farmers spend around 4.1 billion on pesticides annually，of which 25% was s

31、pent on cotton crops in the US.Once the cotton is grown and harvested，so begins the production stage: spinning，knitting ，bleaching ，dyeing ，cutting ，sewing ，etc.these processes also use a great deal of water and energy.Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eventually pollute gr

32、oundwater.After the Tshirt is produced， it enters the transportation stage.This often involves overseas shipping.Take a look in your closet.Chances are that most of your cotton garments(衣服) are made in China or India.Garments can be shipped via plane，ship or truck.，all of which spill CO2 into the at

33、mosphere.Calculations show that CO2 emissions from light trucks alone amount to 1.15 pounds per mile.Once the Tshirt reaches the retail market，it is purchased.This stage may seem like the least environmentally damaging part.But consider the number of times youve washed and dried your favorite Tshirt

34、.Washing machines are certainly becoming more efficient.However，the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year，using about 40 gallons of water per load.Such excessive water use is combined with the large amount of energy used by dryers.The final stage of life is disposal.This rele

35、ases harmful emissions，or involves a landfill where cotton takes years to break down.Current US records show that an estimated 15% of clothes and shoes are recycled，which means that consumers send a shocking 85% of these materials to landfills.We all need new clothes every once in a while，but lets a

36、ll try to keep in mind what goes into the production of clothing.It has a real impact on the planet.There are a lot of things you can do to help reduce your impact.Reuse and recycle clothes.If theyre too worn out to wear， cut them up and use them as cleaning rags.Donate them to charity or another or

37、ganization that recycles textiles.When possible，make an effort to buy organic cotton.Turn down the thermostat(恒温器) on your washer， and line dry your clothes when the weather will allow it.语篇解读 本文讲述了一件 T 恤的各个阶段对环境造成的影响，并列举了一些和衣服有关的有助于环保的做法。5What can be inferred from this passage?AThe production proce

38、ss may affect water safety.BThe clothing cost is relatively low in China and India.CCotton clothes are buried because they are hard to break down.DThe use stage is the least environmentally harmful of the five stages.答案 A解析 推理判断题。由第三段中的“Commercial dyes and bleaches are harmful pollutants and can eve

39、ntually pollute groundwater.”可推知，在生产 T 恤的过程中用到的染料和漂白剂会污染地下水，即影响水质安全，故选 A。6We can learn from the passage that in the US .Apesticides in cotton farming cost over 4 billion dollars every yearBCO 2 emissions of land transport amount to 1.15 pounds per mileCabout 15% of the clothes and shoes are made of

40、materials that are recycledDabout 16,000 gallons of water is used annually by an average family on laundry答案 D解析 细节理解题。由第五段中的“However，the average American household does 400 loads of laundry per year，using about 40 gallons of water per load.”可知，美国家庭平均每年洗 400 件衣服，每件衣服用水 40 加仑，所以美国家庭一年的洗衣用水量是 4004016

41、000 加仑，故选 D。7The underlined phrase “takes a toll” in Paragraph 2 probably means “ ”Awastes water Bhas a bad effectCuses energy Dtakes a lot of time答案 B解析 词义猜测题。由第二段中的 “Commercial cotton farming uses a large amount of water，and the use of pesticides(杀虫剂) is widespread across the globe，especially in c

42、otton farming.”可知，这里讲了商品棉种植的一些负面影响，所以 takes a toll 意为“产生负面影响” ，选 B。8What is the purpose of this article?ATo encourage people to donate clothes to charity.BTo introduce the five stages in the lifecycle of clothing.CTo persuade people to purchase more organic cotton.DTo promote ecofriendly actions rel

43、ated to clothes.答案 D解析 写作意图题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是推广与衣服有关的有助于环保的行为，故选 D。C“Children start putting their fingers in their noses as infants， ” says Sarah Springer，MD ， of Kids Plus Pediatrics in Pittsburgh.“As soon as they have motor control of their fingers，theyll find holes where their fingers ca

44、n fit.Its not a worryjust a normal part of how they explore and learn.”In order to help your child to stop engaging in the behavior，its important to understand why they may start the habit in the first place，according to the University of Michigan Health System.Nosepicking can be a result of boredom

45、，sleepiness，falling asleep，relaxation or coping.In most instances，nosepicking is likely just a phase(阶段) and the child will eventually quit it.“There isnt much parents can do to stop the behavior of nosepicking，as its a normal part of being a kid， ”Dr Springer says.Parents are advised to ignore the

46、behavior and not to show frustration because this wont help encourage their child to stop picking their nose.Instead，Dr Springer says parents ought to help their child learn to blow their nose once they are four or five years old and talk to them about keeping their hands clean to avoid spreading ge

47、rms.Take note of the season or climate，too，as dry air or cold can increase the occurrence of nosepicking.Parents should use a humidifier(增湿器) in these conditions to help nasal secretions(鼻分泌物 ) stay moist.Putting petroleum jelly(凡士林) a few times a day inside the nose can help with irritation and min

48、imize picking.“Once your child enters school，its inevitable for them to see and pick up bad habits， ” Dr Springer said.Nosepicking is a common habit，even among adults and as children age most will realize its not an acceptable behavior.“Nosepicking is a normal part of childhood， ” Dr Springer says.“Most kids will become conscious of the social stigma(羞耻) associated with it，and will eventually stop picking，at least in public.”语篇解读 文章主要讲述了孩子抠鼻孔的原因，并向父母提出了如何帮助孩子改掉这个毛病的合理化建议。9What does Sarah Springer t