2019年外研版英语必修3学案:Module 1 Section Ⅲ 被动语态和主谓一致
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1、Section_ Grammar 被动语态和主谓一致语法图解探究发现Paris is visited by more than eight million tourists every year. The Parthenon was built during this period.The fish tastes delicious.This coat washes easily.My family lives in Cardiff.The class were very interested in Mr Zhangs teaching.Neither he nor you were allo
2、wed to go out at night.Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.California, along with Florida and Hawaii, is among the most popular US tourist destinations.The students along with their teacher are going there on foot.我的发现(1)句采用了一般现在时的被动语态,其构成形式为:am /is/aredone。(2)句采用了一般过去时的被动语态,其构成
3、形式为:was/were done 。(3)句中谓语动词用主动形式表示被动意义。(4)句中,family, class 等集合名词表示整体时,谓语动词用单数;表示个体时,谓语动词用复数。(5)句中,neither . nor . 或 not only . but also . 连接并列主语,谓语动词的单复数要与靠近它的主语保持一致。(6)句中,主语后带有 along with 等短语时,句子的谓语动词应与原主语的单复数保持一致。一、一般现在时和一般过去时的被动语态1一般现在时和一般过去时被动语态的基本构成(1)一般现在时的被动语态的构成:am/is/aredone。I am asked to
4、copy these English words for ten times.我被要求把这些英语单词抄十遍。(2)一般过去时的被动语态的构成:was/weredone。The university was founded in 1901.这所大学始建于 1901 年。2被动语态的用法(1)不清楚谁是动作的执行者时,用被动语态。His car was stolen when he parked in the street.他把车停在街上时,车被偷了。(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者时,用被动语态。No one knows when the bridge was built.没人知道这座桥是什么时候
5、建的。(3)强调或突出动作的承受者时,用被动语态。如果需要指出动作的执行者时,可用“by动作执行者(宾格)”这一结构。The Great Wall is visited by many people every year.每年有很多人参观长城。即时演练 1 完成句子All the broken doors were_repaired _yesterday. 昨天所有损坏的门都被修好了。All the housework is_done _by_my_mother in our family.我们家所有的家务活都由我妈妈做。The wounded man was_sent_to_the_hosp
6、ital right away. 那个受伤的男人被立刻送往了医院。This bridge was_built in October last year. 这座桥是去年十月份建的。3主动形式表示被动意义(1)表示主语属性的动词 read, write, sell, wash, wear, cook 等,且由 easily, well 等词修饰时。The cloth washes well.这块布很好洗。(2)连系动词 smell, sound, taste, feel, prove 等,也常用主动形式表达被动含义。The cloth feels soft.这块布摸起来很柔软。(3)表示发生、爆发
7、和传播等不及物动词或短语如:happen, occur, spread, take place, break out, run out 等,常用主动形式表示被动意义。When World War broke out, he seemed to have become another man, downhearted.第一次世界大战爆发时,他似乎变成了另一个人,非常消沉。(4)need, want, require 的主动形式表示被动意义。His hair needs cutting.他的头发需要理了。即时演练 2 (1)用所给词的适当形式填空The pencil writes (write)
8、well. The house needs (need) repairing.His jacket wants washing/to _be_washed (wash)(2)翻译句子这种食物尝起来很美味。The_food_tastes_very_delicious.昨天晚上发生了一场大火。A_huge_fire_broke_out_last_night.二、主谓一致主谓一致是指句子的谓语动词与其主语在数上必须保持一致。英语中的主谓一致主要遵循意义一致、语法一致和就近一致三个原则。1意义一致(1)由 and 连接的两个单数名词指同一个人或同一事物时,谓语动词用单数。如:bread and but
9、ter 黄油面包,knife and fork 刀叉。The singer and dancer is coming for a visit.那位歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来参观。The poet and writer is very popular with us.那位诗人兼作家很受我们的欢迎。(2)单复数同形的名词作主语时,如果表示单数概念,谓语动词用单数。如:news, maths, politics, physics, works, means, the United States 等。The news is quite shocking.这个消息令人十分震惊。Politics is her f
10、avourite subject.政治是她最喜欢的学科。(3)“the形容词/分词”表示一类人,如 the rich, the young, the living 等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。The sick have been cured and the lost have been found.病人已被治愈,失踪者也已被找到。(4)family, class, team, government, crowd, audience 等集体名词如果强调整体,谓语动词用单数;如果强调个体,谓语动词用复数。The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。His
11、family are all important persons.他的家人都是些重要人物。(5)表示时间、距离、金钱、重量、体积、价格等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式。Two days isnt enough for me to finish the work. I need a third day.对我来说,完成这项工作两天是不够的,我还需要一天。(6)“分数/百分数of 短语”作主语时,根据 of 后的名词的单复数确定谓语动词的单复数形式。Two thirds of the trees have been cut down.三分之二的树木被砍掉了。Two thirds of t
12、he soup has been eaten.三分之二的汤被喝掉了。(7)all, any, half, most, the rest, part 等与 of 短语连用作主语时,谓语动词根据 of 后所接名词的单复数形式而定。The rest of the students are in the classroom.其余的学生都在教室里。The rest of the water is for you.剩下的水是给你的。即时演练 3 用所给词的适当形式填空Twenty pounds was/is (be) missing from the wallet. Even the wise are (
13、be) not always free from mistakes. The rest of the workers are (be) still very tired.War and peace is (be) a constant theme in history.70% of the country is (be) covered with forests. Physics is (be) a difficult subject for me to learn. 2语法一致(1)当主语是由 and, both . and 连接的并列结构时,谓语动词用复数;但由 and 连接的并列主语面前
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