2019年外研版英语必修3学案:Module 5 Section Ⅰ
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1、One of the most famous people in ancient China was a wise philosopher named Confucius (551 BC 479 BC). He sometimes went by the name of Kong Zi though he was born Kong Qiu, styled (命名,称呼 ) Zhong Ni. He was born in Zouyi (Qufu today) in the state of Lu.Confuciuss father died three years after Confuci
2、us was born, leaving the family in poverty, but Confucius nevertheless (然而 ) received a fine education. He got married at the age of 19 and had one son and two daughters. He worked as a keeper of a market. Then he got a farm worker who took care of parks and farm animals. When he was 20, he worked f
3、or the governor of his district.Confucius is famous for his philosophy because he made many wise sayings that helped many people learn about the world, nature, and human behaviour. He also helped the government and the ruler by teaching them lessons on how the ruler should rule his kingdom successfu
4、lly.It is commonly known that ancient China had a great effect on the world. And many great people and great inventions of ancient China still influence the world today.Section_ Introduction 反义词为 disbelief。love/lv/n.仁爱 23 look after 照顾;照料 24 第 3 段译文墨子是又一位极具影响力的先哲。他生于公元前 476 年,出身贫寒。他因不修边幅、行为怪异而闻名。墨子创
5、立了被称为“墨家学说”的哲学理论。他的学说在某些方面和孔子的学说相似。例如,他认为政府是最重要的。因此,他花了许多年的时间试图寻找一个人们愿意遵从他思想的国家。墨子认为,众生平等。他的仁爱思想与孔子的仁爱思想不同。墨子告诫人们要兼爱,要照顾弱者。他憎恨那种战争的观点。墨子于公元前 390 年去世。Prereading Please match the words with their proper meanings.1equal An.职位2importance Bn.善良3philosophy Cadj.有影响的4kindness Dn.秩序5order Eadj.平等的6principle
6、 Fn.原则;准则7position Gn.哲学8stress Hvt.强调9resign Ivi.辞职10influential Jn.重要;重要性15_ 610_答案:15 EJGBD 610 FAHICLeadinThe following are some beliefs of some great ancient philosophers and match them with their Chinese meanings.1Man is born good._C_2All human beings are equal._ F_3The family is important. We
7、 are members of a group._B_4Treat others in the way you want to be treated._D_5People are more important than rulers._A_6We should love all human beings._E_A民贵君轻 B家天下C人性本善 D己所不欲,勿施于人E兼爱 F众生平等Whilereading Fastreading1Find the topic sentence of each paragraph. (1)Para.1 AMozi founded the philosophy ca
8、lled Mohism.(2)Para.2 BConfucius is the philosopher whose influence has been the greatest.(3)Para.3 CMencius was a thinker whose teachings were very similar to those of Confucius.(1)(3)_答案:(1)(3) BCA2Whats the main idea of the text?ATeachings of ancient Chinese thinkers.BThree great philosophers of
9、ancient China.CInteresting stories about the three philosophers.DThe history of ancient Chinese philosophy.答案:BCarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answers. 1Who had the greatest influence on Chinese society?AMencius. BMozi.CConfucius. DZhuangzi. 2Confucius stressed the importan
10、ce of the following aspects EXCEPT_.Akindness Bfriendship Corder Dduty3Which statement is NOT true about Mozi?AHe was known for his unusual clothes and behavior.BHe hated the idea of war.CAll his beliefs were the same as those of Confucius.DHe believed all men were equal.4“If the government was kind
11、, then people would be good.” is the teaching of _.AMencius BConfuciusCMozi DXunzi 5Menciuss teachings were very similar to those of _.AConfucius BXunziCZhuangzi DMozi 6Which shows Mozis belief was similar to that of Confucius?AWe should love all human beings.BThe government shouldnt treat people ba
12、dly.CWe should look after those who are weaker than ourselves.DThe government is most important.答案:16 CBCAADStudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text. 1Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.句式分析尝试翻译 孟子认为,人之所以不同于动物,是因为人性本善。2He b
13、elieved that people were more important than rulers, and hated the state when it treated people badly.句式分析 本句是并列句。and 连接 believed 和 hated 两个谓语,前一分句是 that 引导的宾语从句,后一分句含有 when 引导的时间状语从句。尝试翻译 他认为民贵君轻,憎恨对人民残暴的诸侯国。.阅读理解AKong Zi, also called Confucius (551479 BC.), and Socrates (469399 BC.) lived only a h
14、undred years apart. During their lifetimes there was no contact between China and Greece, but it is interesting to look at how the world that each of these great philosophers came from shaped their ideas, and how these ideas in turn, shaped their societies.Neither philosopher lived in times of peace
15、, though there were more wars in Greece than in China. The Chinese states were very large and feudal, while the Greek citystates were small and urban. The urban environment in which Socrates lived allowed him to be more radical (激进的) than Confucius. Unlike Confucius, Socrates was not asked by rulers
16、 how to govern effectively. Thus, Socrates was able to be more idealistic, focusing on issues like freedom, and knowledge for its own sake. Confucius, on the other hand, advised those in government service, and many of his students went on to government service.Confucius suggested the Golden Rule as
17、 a principle for the conduct of life. “Do not do to others what you would not want others to do to you.” He assumed that all men were equal at birth, though some had more potential (潜能) than others, and that it was knowledge that set men apart. Socrates focused on the individual, and thought that th
18、e greatest purpose of man was to seek wisdom. He believed that some had more potential to develop their reason than others did. Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.For Socrates, the family was of no importance, and the community of little concer
19、n. For Confucius, however, the family was the centre of society, with family relations considered much more important than political relations.Both men are respected much more today than they were in their lifetimes.语篇解读:本文主要是阐述孔子与苏格拉底两位伟大哲学家的哲学思想对社会的影响以及思想观点的相似与不同。1Which of the following is TRUE ac
20、cording to the first paragraph?ASocrates and Confucius had much in common.BConfucius had much influence on Socrates ideas.CThe societies were influenced by the philosophers ideas.DThere were cultural exchanges between China and Greece.解析:选 C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的 “. and how these ideas in turn, shaped t
21、heir societies”可知 C 项正确。2Socrates shared with Confucius the idea that_.Aall men were equal when they were bornBthe lower classes should be ruled by the upper classCthe purpose of man was to seek freedom and wisdomDpeople should not do to others what they did not want others to do to them解析:选 B 细节理解题
22、。根据第三段最后一句 “Like Confucius, he believed that the superior class should rule the inferior (下层的) classes.”可以判断。3What made some people different from others according to Confucius?AFamily. BPotential.CKnowledge. DCommunity.解析:选 C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “. and that it was knowledge that set men apart”可以判断。4This
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