2019年外研版英语必修3学案:Module 6 Section Ⅲ
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1、Section_ Grammar 非限制性定语从句和定语从句的缩略语法图解探究发现She heard a terrible noise, which brought her heart into mouth.The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.A person with his head in the clouds is a dreamer, whose mind is not in the real world.Qingdao is a beautiful city, wher
2、e Ill pay a sixday visit.They have a son and two daughters, all of whom live in the city.He lived in London for two months, during which time he picked up some English.David, as you know, is an amateur photographer.He spoke to the girl (who was) from Paris.We said goodbye to Mr. Green, (who was) sti
3、ll busy at his office.我的发现(1)句中,关系词前面均有逗号,它们为非限制性定语 从句。(2)句中都可以省略括号中的词,从而构成定语从句的缩略。一、非限制性定语从句 1作用 非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号隔开,常常单独翻译。没有它,主句意思仍然完整。2关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句 关系代词有 as, which, who, whom, whose 等,作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。当先行词指人时,通常使用 who, whom, whose 来引导;当先行词指物时,通常使用 which来引导。关系代词不
4、可以省略。另外,that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。A fiveyearold boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语,这令在场的所有人感到惊讶。Bobs father, who worked on the project, spent four years in Egypt.鲍勃的父亲从事这项工程,在埃及度过了四年。As can be seen from his face, he is quite pleased.从他的脸上可以看出来,他非常高兴。名师点津
5、 由 as, which 引导的非限制性定语从句,as 和 which 可指代整个主句或主句所表达的整个意思,相当于 and this 或 and that,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有:(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而 which 不可。(2)as 后常接 expect, know, report, say, see 等动词的主、被动语态句,有 “正如,就像”之意;which 常翻译为“这一点”。即时演练 1(1)用适当的关系代词填空Have you seen the film Warcraft( 魔兽), whose leading actor is worl
6、d famous? My friend, who has served on the International Olympic Committee all his life, is retiring next month.As we all know, China is a developing country. My uncle gave me a book, the cover of which is very beautiful.Peter, whom you met in London, is now back in Paris. (2)完成句子 The boy, whose_fat
7、her_is_an_engineer,_studies very hard. 那个小男孩学习很努力,他的父亲是位工程师。These apple trees, which _I_planted_three_years_ago,_have not borne any fruit. 我三年前栽的这些苹果树还没有结过果实。3关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句 当先行词指时间或地点时,用 when, where 引导非限制性定语从句,在定语从句中作状语。why 不引导非限制性定语从句,但可用 for which 代替。We will put off the outing until next week, w
8、hen we wont be so busy.我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期,那时我们就不会那么忙了。Many children go to a day care centre, where they can learn games.很多孩子上日间托儿所,在那儿他们可以学习游戏。即时演练 2(1)用适当的关系代词和关系副词填空 They went to London, where they lived for six months. He will put off the picnic until May 1st, when he will stay with his family. Well g
9、raduate in July, when we will be free. They reached the hotel yesterday, where a negotiation of sale will be held. (2)完成句子(浙江高考改编)I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, when_I_went_up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 五年级时,我爬上一棵树去取卡在树枝上的风筝,直到那时我才成为一名真正的登山爱好者
10、。4“名词/代词介词关系代词 ”结构此类结构常见的有 some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest .of which/whom 等形式。Here are the questions, some of which I thought are difficult for you.问题都在这儿,其中一些我认为对你来说太难了。即时演练 3 (1)选词填空:which, whomJohn invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of whom are family members.Engl
11、ish is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of which uses it differently.(2)完成句子(2016江苏高考改编)Many young people, most_of_whom were welleducated, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想,他们中大部分都受过良好的教育。It now has 20,000 hectares of land, more than twothirds_of_
12、which are under cultivation. 现在它拥有两万公顷土地,其中超过三分之二的土地已经耕种。The textile mill has over 8,000 workers and staff, eighty_percent_of_whom are women. 这家纺织厂有 8 千多职工,女职工占百分之八十。二、定语从句的缩略有些定语从句可以缩略为各种短语,如分词短语、形容词短语、名词短语、介词短语及动词不定式短语等,且句意不受影响。我们称这一语言现象为定语从句的缩略。1缩略为分词短语有些定语从句可直接略去作主语的关系代词(who, which, that)和部分谓语(a
13、m, is, are 等),从而使之缩略为现在分词短语或过去分词短语作后置定语。The people who live in the village have moved to other areas.The people living in the village have moved to other areas.住在这个村子里的人们已经搬到其他地方了。They are problems which have been left over by history.They are problems left over by history.这些是历史遗留下来的问题。名师点津 有些定语从句不能
14、按上述方法直接缩略,而需变动词为分词。这类定语从句一般缩略为现在分词短语,且在缩略时要考虑现在分词的时态和语态。The man who owns that car will be fined for illegal parking.The man owning that car will be fined for illegal parking.那辆汽车的主人将因违章停车而被处以罚款。2缩略为形容词短语若定语从句为主系表结构,且表语由形容词短语充当,可直接略去作主语的关系代词和系动词,从而使定语从句缩略为形容词短语作后置定语。He saw a magazine on the table tha
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