2019年外研版英语必修4学案：Module 2 Section Ⅳ

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1、Section_ Other_Parts_of_the_Module原文呈现The London Congestion ChargeBeijing isnt the only city with traffic problems. You can get stuck in a traffic jam anywhere in the world. The worst problems occur in cities which are growing fast ， such as Sao Paolo in Brazil and Lagos in Nigeria. But even cities

2、in developed countries such as the US suffer . Los Angeles, which was built with the motor car in mind ， and is famous for its sixlane highways, is now the USAs most congested city.In Europe most capital cities were planned and built before cars, and city centre traffic jams have been part of daily

3、life for a long time. The situation in central London, where drivers spent fifty percent of their time in queues， became so bad that the local government decided to do something about it. In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a “congestion charge”a tax for cars entering t

4、he centre of the city.读文清障charge n费用 free of charge 免费get/be stuck in 被困在occur vi.发生，出现it occurs to sb. (that) .某人想到which 引导定语从句，修饰 cities。such as 例如( 表示列举) developed countries 发达国家suffer vi.遭受 suffer from 遭受之苦which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 Los Angeles。从句中含有 with 复合结构，in mind 表示“考虑在内”。be famous for 因而闻名congest

5、ed adj.拥挤的；堵塞的part of 的一部分where 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词 central London，且在从句中作地点状语。so .that .如此以至于congestion/kndestn/n.拥塞；堆积现在分词短语作定语，修饰 cars。伦敦的交通拥堵费第 12 段译文北京不是唯一有交通阻塞问题的城市。在世界任何地方你都可能遭遇堵车。发展快的城市问题最严重，如巴西的圣保罗和尼日利亚的拉各斯。但甚至在一些像美国这样的发达国家的城市里也有这样的问题。洛杉矶，一座在建设时就考虑了机动车辆并以其六车道公路闻名的城市，现在却是美国交通最拥挤的城市。大多数欧洲的首都城市在小汽

6、车大量涌现之前就已规划建设好了，因此市中心的堵车长久以来成为人们日常生活的一部分。伦敦市中心的交通状况变得如此糟糕，司机们要用50%的时间来排队，于是当地政府决定就此采取一些措施。 2003 年 2 月，伦敦市长肯 利文斯通宣布进入市中心的车要交“交通拥堵费”。The idea is simple: every car coming into the centre has to pay 5 a day. Drivers can pay the charge at any of 10,000 pay points in the capital before 10 pm. As the cars

7、come into the centre， video cameras record their registration numbers, and these are checked with a list of drivers who have paid the charge for that day . People who do not pay the charge will face 21 a fine of 80. 22 23 Most Londoners are not happy with the idea. They agree that London has a traff

8、ic 24 25 problem, but the congestion charge is expensive, and limits their freedom .现在分词短语作定语，修饰 every car。pay points 在此处指“收费点”。 as 引导时间状语从句。registration/redIstreIn/n.执照；登记a list of 的清单who 引导定语从句，修饰 drivers。 21 face v面对，面临 be faced with 面对 22 a fine of 的罚款 23 be not happy with 对感到不高兴 /不幸福 24 agree v

9、同意，意见一致 25 agree 后可接介词 to, with, on 或 that 从句，也可直接跟不定式作宾语。第 34 段译文想法很简单：每辆进入市中心的车一天要交 5 英镑的费用。司机们可以在晚上 10 点之前在首都的 10 000 个收费点中的任何一个上缴该费用。进入市区的小汽车都会被摄像机拍下车牌号码，用以检查当天司机是否缴费。不缴费者将会面临 80 英镑的罚款。大多数伦敦人对此都不开心。他们认为伦敦存在交通问题，但是“交通拥堵费”太高，而且限制了他们的自由But does the congestion charge work ？ A survey carried out at t

10、he end of 2003 26 27 28 suggests it does . After only six months, traffic coming into central London was reduced by 29 30 31 about 30 percent, and journey times by 15 percent. More people used public transport to get 32 33 to work, and bicycles were suddenly very popular. Whats more ， central London

11、 shops did 34 not lose business even though there were fewer cars . 35 But there are a few people who think the charge should be much higher ， for example 36 rich businessmen who work in the city centre and can easily afford it. This would keep even 37 38 more cars out of central London, and the roa

12、ds would be nearly empty. However, there are no 39 plans to increase the charge. 40 work v发挥作用，有效果 survey n调查 26 27 carry out/do/perform a survey 进行一项调查过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰 a survey。 28 suggest 此处指“暗示，表明”，后接宾语从句时，从句不用虚拟语气。 29 does 在此处是替代词，代替上文中出现的 works。 30 be reduced by 被降低了，被减少了，by 表示程度，后接数字、百分数等。 31 be

13、 reduced to 被减少到time n次数 32 use .to do 用做 be used to do 被用来做 33 whats more 此外，另外 相当于 in addition。 34 even though/if“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。 35 who 引导定语从句，修饰 a few people。 36 who 引导定语从句，修饰 rich businessmen。 37 afford v负担得起，买得起 afford to do 做某事负担得起 38 keep .out of .使不进入 39 increase v增加，提高 increase by 增加了 40

14、increase to 增加到第 56 段译文但是“交通拥堵费”发挥作用了吗？2003 年年底进行的一项调查结果显示效果很不错。仅仅只是 6 个月之后，进入伦敦市中心的车减少了约 30%，旅程的次数减少了 15%。更多的人乘公共交通工具上班，自行车突然间流行起来。更值得一提的是，虽然车少了，但伦敦市中心的商铺并没有减少营业额。但是，有些人认为收费应该更高，(因为) 像那些在市中心工作的富有的商务人士能轻松支付此项费用。这(收费更高 )会避免更多的车辆进入伦敦市中心，道路也几乎会是空的。但是，伦敦还没有提高该费用的计划。Step 1 True (T) or False (F) 1Beijing

15、is the only city with traffic problems._F_2Cities in developed countries dont suffer the traffic problems._F_3In February 2003 the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, introduced a “congestion charge”_T _4The congestion charge doesnt work._F_5There are some plans to increase the charge._F_Step 2 Choose

16、 the best answers according to the passage.1Whats a congestion charge?AA tax for cars entering the centre of the city.BA tax for taxis only.CA fine for those who dont obey the traffic rules.DA tax which is very expensive.2If people do not pay the charge, they will _.Abe unhappy Bbe fined for 5 a day

17、Chave no freedom Dbe fined for 803Does the congestion charge work in London?ANo.BYes. But most Londoners are not happy with it.CIts hard to say.DNot mentioned in the text.4We can infer from the text that _.Acities in developed countries suffer less traffic problemsBLondon was planned and built befor

18、e carsCdrivers can pay the charge at any timeDthe congestion charge will be reduced soon答案：14 ADBB一、这样记单词记得准 写得对 记得快 记得多.基础词汇1roadwork n (常作复数)道路施工2blow vt. 吹响(乐器、号角等)3horn n. 喇叭；号角.拓展词汇1.blow v吹响( 乐器、号角等) ；吹；刮；炸坏，爆炸图片记忆 1react vi.反应reaction n反应2solution n解答；答案solve v解决3mood n心情；心境moody adj.情绪多变的4co

19、ngestion n拥塞；堆积congested adj.交通拥挤的，车辆阻塞的5registration n执照；登记 register v登记，注册；n.登记簿，名册2react vi.起反应；对作出反应；回应同义 respond3solution n解答；答案同义 answer key词块 a solution to 的解答4mood n心情；心境词块 be in a good/bad mood 心情好/不好二、这样记短语记牢固定短语 多积常用词块1.switch off 关上( 电灯、电视等) ；断掉(电源)2keep cool 保持冷静3no way 肯定不；没门儿4turn on

20、打开5in a good mood 心情好6be famous for 因而闻名7as a result 结果，因而8at the end of 在末9be reduced by/to 被减少了/到10whats more 另外，而且11keep .out of 使不进入12a list of 的清单1.prefer .to . 喜欢胜过2traffic jam 交通阻塞3developed/developing countries 发达/发展中国家4follow/break the rule 遵守/违反规则5congestion charge 交通拥堵费6part of daily life

21、 日常生活的一部分7in queues 排队8pay points 收费点9drive sb. mad 逼疯某人10public transport 公共交通(工具)11limit ones freedom 限制某人的自由12carry out/perform a survey 进行一项调查三、这样记句式先背熟 再悟通 后仿用1.Its a good idea to have your have sth. done 表示“让某事 Daniel has_his_arms_crossed destination written in Chinese.把你的目的地用中文写出来是个好主意。被别人去做”

22、。 and looks upset.丹尼尔双臂交叉，看起来不高兴。2.Speaker 4 prefers public transport to cars.第四个发言者喜欢公共交通工具胜过汽车。prefer .to .意为“喜欢胜过”。I prefer milk to coffee.我喜欢牛奶胜过咖啡。3.Why not use public transport?为什么不用公共交通工具呢？“Why not动词原形”意为“为什么不？”If you want to sell your house, why_not_put_an_advertisement in a newspaper?如果你想卖掉

23、你的房子，为什么不在报纸上登个广告呢？4.Leave the motor on.让发动机开着。“leave宾语宾语补足语 ”结构，表示“让处于某种状态”。Its wrong of you to leave_the_machine_running day and night.你让机器日夜一直开着是不对的。1(教材 P17)Switch off the motor.关上发动机。switch v转换；转变；改变switch off 关上(电灯、电视等 )；断掉(电源)switch on turn on 把开关打开，接通switch over 换频道；转变switch .to . 变换/转移到When

24、 not in a room, youd better switch off all the lights and the fan.当你不在室内时，最好关掉所有的灯和那台电扇。He was tired of teaching and as a result, switched_to writing novels.他厌倦了教学，结果改行写小说了。I dont like to watch this.Theres a better programme than this on CCTV 6.Please switch over.我不喜欢看这个。中央六台有比这更好看的节目，请换频道吧。Switch o

25、n the recorder, please. I want to listen to some songs.请打开录音机，我想听几首歌。2(教材 P17)Keep cool.保持冷静。keep cool 保持冷静；保持凉爽keep calm 保持镇静keep quiet 保持安静keep silent 保持沉默keep still 保持不动keep fit/healthy 保持健康Whatever happens, the first important thing is to keep cool.不管发生什么事，最重要的是保持冷静。You should keep_calm even in

26、face of danger.即使面临危险，你也应当保持镇静。I dont know if I should speak to him or keep_silent.我不知道我是应该同他说话还是保持沉默。You should do more exercises and watch less TV in order to keep_healthy/fit.为了保持健康你需要多锻炼，少看电视。3(教材 P17)React when others drive badly. 当别人开车开得不好时作出反应。react vi.反应；回应；起反应(1)react to . 对作出反应react with .

27、 与起(化学 )反应react against . 反抗，反对(2)reaction n. 反应；回应in reaction to 对作出反应I shouted at her, but she didnt react at all.我向她大声喊叫，但她毫无反应。I dont know how Mrs. Brown will react to when she hears the news that her son has won the first place in the competition.我不知道当布朗夫人听到她儿子在比赛中获得第一名的消息时有何反应。The chemistry te

28、acher shows us how iron reacts_with air and water.化学老师向我们展示铁是如何与空气、水起反应的。The government soon reacted against all the illegal strikes.政府很快作出回应反对所有这些不合法的罢工。A spokesman said the changes were not in reaction to the companys recent losses.一位发言人说，这些变动不是针对公司最近的损失而作出的反应。4(教材 P18)Theres a simple solution to

29、these problems.对这些问题有一种简单的解决方法。solution n解答；答案a solution to . 的解决方法solve v. 解决She can find no solution to her financial troubles.她无法克服她的经济困难。It took an hour to find the solution to the difficult problem.解决这个难题花了一个小时。The little boy helped his father to solve the mystery.小男孩帮他父亲解开了谜团。联想发散 常见的与介词 to 连用

30、的名词有：the key to 的答案/钥匙the answer to 的答案the entrance to 的入口the attitude to 的态度the approach to 的方法5(教材 P18)Motorists could take a bus into the city centre and arrive at work or the shops relaxed and in a good mood.驾车者可以乘坐公共汽车进入市中心以一种好的精神状态上班或休闲购物。mood n心情；情绪be in a good/happy mood 心情愉悦be in a bad mood

31、 情绪低落be/feel in the/no mood for sth./to do sth.(没) 有心情做某事The news put her in a bad mood.这消息让她心情很糟。He was in_a_good_mood when he got home from work.他下班回到家时心情不错。Im not in the mood to argue with you.我没心思跟你争论。I am in no mood for a joke.我没心情开玩笑。1Its a good idea to have your destination written in Chinese

32、.把你的目的地用中文写出来是个好主意。本句中 have your destination written 属于“have sth. done”结构，其中 have 可用 get 替换。该结构主要有两个意思：(1)让某事被别人去做Its usual for me to have my hair cut every month.我通常每个月理一次发。(2)表示主语的遭遇或经历(尤指不好的 )When he was riding a bike in the street, he had his arm hurt.当他在街上骑车时胳膊受了伤。have sb. do sth. 让/叫/使某人做某事hav

33、e sb. doing sth. (用于否定句中) “不允许某人做某事”have sb./sth. doing 叫/让/使某人/ 某物一直处于某种状态have sth. to do 有某事要做(不定式作定语)I cant have you speaking to your mother in a rude manner. You must apologize to her immediately.我不允许你用那种粗鲁的方式跟你的母亲说话。你必须立刻向她道歉。Jacks humour in his speech has the audience laughing (laugh) all the

34、time.杰克在演讲中的幽默让听众一直笑个不停。Dont be worried.Ill have Tom help_you finish the work.别担心，我会让汤姆帮你完成工作的。Can you go to watch the football match with me tonight?Sorry, but I have an important meeting to_attend (attend)今天晚上你和我一起去看足球赛好吗？对不起，我有个重要的会议要参加。2Leave the motor on.让发动机开着。(1)本句中使用了“leave 宾语宾语补足语”结构，表示 “使/

35、 让处于某种状态”。宾语补足语是副词。Dont leave the light on when you go out.出去时，别让灯开着。(2)该结构中的宾语补足语还有以下几种形式：名词His parents died, leaving_him_an_orphan.父母去世了，他成了孤儿。形容词Youd better leave_the _door_open.你最好让门开着。介词短语Just as I got to the school gate, I realised I had left my bank card in the caf.当我刚刚走到学校大门口时，我就意识到把银行卡忘在咖啡馆

36、了。现在分词(表示主动、进行的动作)The teacher left the classroom angrily, leaving the boy standing (stand) in the front of the classroom.让那个男孩站在教室前面，老师生气地离开了教室。过去分词(表示被动、完成的动作)They covered him with a blanket, only leaving his eyes exposed (expose)他们用毯子给他盖上，只留眼睛露在外面。不定式(表示未发生的动作)Never leave the work for today to be

37、finished tomorrow.永远不要把今天该做的事情留到明天去完成。3Why not use public transport?为什么不用公共交通工具呢？(1)本句中 Why not 表示建议，其后接动词原形。“Why not do .？”相当于“Why dont you do .？”。Why not/Why dont you change your mind now that you have found that there is something wrong with your plan?既然你发现了你的计划有问题，为什么不改变主意呢？Why_not_go out for a

38、walk?Why dont we go out for a walk?何不出去散散步呢？(2)why not 作为答语单独出现时，表示同意对方的建议。Would you like to go for a picnic this weekend?Why_not? I love getting close to nature.你愿意这周末去野餐吗？好啊！我喜欢接近大自然。(3)Why do .？用于责问对方，意为 “为什么？”，Why 后面接动词原形。Why quarrel with your sister?为什么与你姐姐吵架？.单句语法填空1Should there be urgent situ

39、ations, press this red button to switch off the electricity.2Everyone should keep quiet (quietly) in the reading room.3He was surprised that his answer should have caused such a strong reaction (react)4I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain.5They were so frightened tha

40、t they had the light burning (burn) all night.6Why not form (form) the habit of exercising to keep fit?7Dont leave her waiting (wait) outside in the rain.8I always prefer to _start (start)early rather than leave (leave) everything to the last minute.9Im just not in the mood for a party tonight.10He

41、wouldnt allow his bad moods to get in the way of him doing his job.完成句子1Unfortunately, my brother had_his_legs_broken in the accident.不幸的是，我哥哥在这起事故中摔伤了腿。2He left the office, leaving_the_computer _on. 他离开了办公室，电脑还开着。3To_keep_fit/healthy,_he gets up early to have exercise every day.为了保持健康，他每天早起锻炼。4Why_

42、not_stop_them from polluting the river?为什么不阻止他们污染这条河呢？5According to the airline rules, we suggest you_(should)_switch_off_your_mobile_phone before boarding.根据航空规则，我们建议你登机前关掉手机。6Children usually react _against_their_parents by going against their wishes.孩子们往往以违背父母意愿的方式来反抗父母。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词

43、拼写1Whats the reaction ( 反应) of the United Nation to the international situation?2The economists are trying to come up with a solution (解决方案) to the global financial crisis.3The telephone wires were blown (吹) down by the strong wind. 4There is always too much congestion (拥塞) on the road in big cities

44、.5Please write your home address on the registration (登记) form.6We cant get through, for there are roadworks (道路施工) ahead.单句改错1The boss is not in good mood now; youd better not ask for trouble.in_后加 a2Successful leaders always react quickly with political events.withto3The children preferred cycling

45、 to the countryside to stay indoors all the day.staystaying4It is a waste to leave the water run while you brush your teeth.runrunning5Now that your son likes the bike so much, why not buying it for him？buying buy6She is going to have her shoes repair.repairrepaired.选词填空in a good mood， keep cool， br

46、eak the rule， switch off， react to， whats more1Shes young and pretty, and whats_more,_she knows several foreign languages.2Im in_a_good _mood today, for I have passed the entrance examination.3Anyone who breaks_the_rules will be punished.4She can keep_cool even under heavy pressure of anger.5Be sure

47、 to switch_off the light when you leave the office. 6How do other scientists and the public react_to your research?本单元语言点温故练习.单句语法填空1No one can change the situation where technology develops fast.2Would you like to have your writing published (publish) in this magazine?3These two subjects are closely connected with each other. 4In many countries, young people still keep up the tradition that women will get married (marry) in a long