2019年外研版英语必修4学案：Module 4 Section Ⅰ

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1、 It seemed that Albert Einstein had changed the whole business. In fact, he did not invent the “thought experiment”， but he raised it to high art. Imagine twins, wearing identical (完全相同的) watches; one stays home, while the other rides in a spaceship near the speed of light . little wonder that from

2、1919, Einstein was, and remains today, the worlds most famous scientist.In his native Germany he became a target (目标；指标) for hatred (仇恨，厌恶) because he was a Jew, a liberal (自由主义者), a humanist, an internationalist. His powerful voice later was widely heard, especially after he moved to the US. Meanwh

3、ile, like any famous people, he made bits of legend: that he failed math in school (not true). That he opened a book and found an uncashed $1,500 check he had left as a bookmark (maybe he was absentminded about everyday affairs)That he was careless about socks, collars, slippers . that he couldnt ev

4、en remember his address: 112 Mercer Street in Princeton, where he finally settled (定居). He died there in 1955. And after the rest of Einstein had been cremated (火化), his brain remained for further research.Thanks to Einstein, we said goodbye to a prior (优先的) universe and a previous (先前的) God. Einste

5、ins God was no clockmaker, but the embodiment (化身) of reason in nature. This God did not control our actions or even sit in judgment on them. Physics is free, and we too are free, in the Einstein universe which is where we live.Section_ Introduction_ he believed in himself. He kept right on working.

6、At the same time, in Germany, a boy named Joey was about to get into trouble. He was teasing (逗弄) a dog. But this dog was sick with rabies, which made the dog mad. Unfortunately, the dog bit him. The rabies germs were passed from the dog to Joey.Soon the little boy was very sick. His parents could o

7、nly wait. But then there was news. Joeys mother saw it and shouted for joy.“A doctor of science has found a way to save sick people like Joey！” she said. The man, of course, was Louis Pasteur. Joeys parents quickly prepared Joey for the long journey to Paris.“Dr. Pasteur，” said the mother. “Our litt

8、le boy is very sick. Can you help us？”“Perhaps，” said Pasteur. “Ive invented a vaccine (疫苗). It is strong enough to kill the rabies germs. Joey will be the first person to have my rabies vaccine.”“The first person？” asked Joeys worried father nervously. “Will it be dangerous? Are you sure it will wo

9、rk？”“I believe it will，” said Pasteur.Slowly the vaccine killed more and more of the rabies germs. Joey began to get well. Dr. Pasteurs vaccine was a success!From then on no one had to be afraid of rabies anymore, and people who had laughed at him before, respected him. He is recognized as one of th

10、e worlds greatest scientists.语 篇 解 读 ：本 文 是 记 叙 文 。文 章 介 绍 了 研 制 出 狂 犬 病 疫 苗 的 著 名 法 国 科 学 家 巴 斯 德 。1What was peoples first reaction toward Pasteurs thoughts on killing rabies germs?AHopeful. BCheerful.CDoubtful. DUncaring.解析：选 C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的内容可知，大家对巴斯德想要消灭狂犬病病毒的事深表怀疑，都认为他做不到。2What happened to Joey

11、?AHe fought with a dog.BHe drove a mad dog away.CHe killed the rabies germs.DHe got rabies unexpectedly.解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第五段中的 “He was teasing (逗弄) a dog. But this dog was sick with rabies . from the dog to Joey.”可知，Joey 被患有狂犬病的狗咬了，所以他也患上了狂犬病。3Which of the following words can best describe Pasteur?ACo

12、nfident and strongminded.BCareful and simpleminded.CSelfless and humorous.DProud and imaginative.解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据第四段内容及倒数第二段中的“Dr. Pasteurs vaccine was a success！ ”可知，巴斯德并没有在意世俗的看法，他非常自信。在他的坚持努力下他终于成功研制出了狂犬病疫苗。4What does the text mainly talk about?AThe amazing story of Joey.BPasteurs deep interest in

13、 science.CThe first known person to survive rabies.DPasteurs success in finding a treatment for rabies.解析：选 D 主旨大意题。根据文中对巴斯德下定决心研制狂犬病疫苗并最终取得成功的故事可知，该文的主旨就是介绍巴斯德在发明狂犬病疫苗方面取得的成就。BOn December 14, 1911, Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen and his fourman team became the first people to reach the South Pol

14、e, where they raised the Norwegian flag in victory. On Wednesday, exactly 100 years later, Norways prime minister gathered with scientists and polar adventurers at the bottom of the world to remember the famous explorers achievements. “We are here to celebrate one of the greatest feats (功绩) in human

15、 history，” Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg said.Amundsen was one of the worlds most famous polar explorers. In 1903, he became the first to make a ship voyage through the Northwest Passage. After learning that American explorer Robert E. Peary had reached the North Pole first in April 1909, Amundsen

16、 made secret plans for a South Pole expedition (探险). At the time, the South Pole was considered to be the last great, undiscovered territory.On October 15, 1911, Amundsen set out from his base, in Bay of Whales, Antarctica (南极洲),with four companions, 52 dogs and four sleds. His success in reaching t

17、he South Pole was supported by careful planning. He took a preliminary (预备的) trip to drop food and supplies along the first part of his route. His use of sled dogs to carry supplies also helped. Amundsen and his men, along with 11 surviving dogs, made it back to base on January 25, 1912, quicker tha

18、n expected.Today, Antarctica is a base for many global scientific research projects. The land holds many clues to Earths past and future changes, especially those related to global climate changes. Wednesdays ceremony at the pole also served a reminder of the importance of continuing scientific rese

19、arch in this distant place. “The loss of ice in the Antarctic can have great global consequences，” the Prime Minister Stoltenberg said.语 篇 解 读 ：你 知 道 世 界 上 第 一 个 抵 达 南 极 点 的 人 是 谁 吗 ？ 一 起 来 了 解 一 下 吧 。5The Wednesdays celebration was for _.Athe birthday of Roald AmundsenBNorways prime ministers new p

20、olicyCNorwegians “victory” in the South PoleDNorways economical achievements解析：选 C 细节理解题。由第一段可知，挪威首相召集科学家和南极探险者们举行集会，以纪念挪威人抵达南极点 100 周年。6What encouraged Amundsen to travel to the South Pole?ASupport from the Norways prime minister.BRobert E. Pearys reaching the North Pole.CThe plan of building a new

21、 base in the South Pole.DThe success in traveling through the Northwest Passage.解析：选 B 细节理解题。由第二段可知，当得知罗伯特E皮尔里第一个到达北极点后，罗尔德阿蒙森便开始秘密计划去南极点的探险。7What mainly helped Amundsen reach the South Pole?AHis careful preparation.BHis former several failures.CHis families encouragement.DHis special route and sled

22、s.解析：选 A 细节理解题。由第三段中的 “His success in reaching the South Pole was supported by careful planning.”可知，罗尔德 阿蒙森成功到达南极点主要是因为他的准备工作做得非常充分。8How long did it take Amundsen to reach the South Pole?AAbout 2 months. BAbout 3 months.CAbout 5 months. DAbout 6 months.解析：选 A 推理判断题。由第三段可知，罗尔德 阿蒙森于 1911 年 10 月 15 日开始

23、他的南极点探险旅程；由第一段可知他于 1911 年 12 月 14 日抵达南极点，由此推算可知，他到达南极点用时约 2 个月。CYou may hear the expression: “If you give a person a fish, they will eat for a day. If you teach a person to fish, they can eat for a lifetime.”One way to explain this is that helping people grow their own food is a better way to fight

24、hunger. That is the purpose of an agricultural research organization called HarvestPlus.HarvestPlus is teaching people around the world how to grow what it calls “smart” crops (庄稼). Its project in Mozambique, a country in Southeast Africa, is having surprising influences.Sweet potatoes have vitamin

25、(维生素) A, which keeps your eyes healthy and helps the body fight disease. In 2006, HarvestPlus workers provided orange sweet potato plants to people in 24 Mozambique villages. The workers taught these people how to grow the vegetables and also explained the importance of vitamin A to staying healthy.

26、Farmers in Mozambique had been planting white and yellow sweet potatoes, which have very little vitamin A. However, one small, orange sweet potato has a full days supply of vitamin A.Alan de Brauw from the International Food Policy Research Institute says about 70 percent of children there were not

27、getting enough vitamin A. He says the potatoes had a surprising influence on the health of children. At the end of the threeyear study, the researchers found that children living in villages growing orange sweet potatoes had 40 percent fewer chances of getting diarrhea (痢疾) than other boys and girls

28、. Among children under the age of three, the difference was 50 percent.Experts (专家) are suggesting that connecting agriculture and health problems is natural and helpful. Anne Herforth, a food expert, says the findings do a good job making the connection between food production and health. “Look, yo

29、u produce a food and its available to people to eat and they like it; then it does good things for health.”语篇解读：本文是说明文。农业研究组织 HarvestPlus 以一种特殊的方式不仅解决了粮食危机而且还改善了人们的健康状况。9Why was HarvestPlus set up?ATo provide food for people around the world.BTo help farmers increase crop production.CTo do research

30、on agricultural products.DTo deal with the hunger problem.解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的 “helping people grow their own food is a better way to fight hunger. That is the purpose of an agricultural research organization called HarvestPlus”可知，HarvestPlus 这个组织的目的是要解决饥饿问题。10Whats special about orange sweet potato

31、es?AThey have more vitamin A.BThey sell better in villages.CThey taste much sweeter.DThey are easier to plant.解析：选 A 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “white and yellow sweet potatoes, which have very little vitamin A”和“one small, orange sweet potato has a full days supply of vitamin A”可知，橙色的红薯含有更多的维生素 A。11What surpris

32、ed the researchers?ADiarrhea was extremely common in Mozambique villages.BOrange sweet potatoes strongly influenced childrens health.CMost children in Mozambique werent getting enough vitamin A.DThere was a big difference in the health of children of different ages.解析：选 B 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的 “the potato

33、es had a surprising influence on the health of children”以及接下来的研究结果可知，橙色红薯对儿童的健康有着巨大作用，这让研究者感到非常诧异。12In Anne Herforths opinion, _.Aconnecting food with health is usefulBpeople should try their best to produce natural foodCagriculture and health problems always go hand in hand Dits more important to p

34、roduce healthy food than delicious food解析：选 A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “Anne Herforth . says the findings do a good job making the connection between food production and health.”以及他接下来说的话可知，他认为将食物和健康联系在一起是有用的。.阅读七选五My mother is a diligent and kind woman. She is very busy from morning till night. As a teacher,

35、 she works hard. _1_ Both my brother and I love her dearly as she loves us.My mother has been teaching math at a middle school in my hometown. She goes to work early in the morning and does not return home until late in the afternoon. _2_ She treats them with patience and teaches them well. For her

36、excellent quality and very good teaching results, she has been elected as a model teacher several times._3_ Every day, when she comes back home from work, she sets about doing housework, sweeping the living room and bedrooms or cleaning the furniture and putting everything in good order. She seems t

37、o be busy all the time. As she has been very busy working every day, she looks older than her age. But she looks as cheerful and happy as ever. Mother never buys expensive dresses for herself, but she often buys some inexpensive but high quality clothes for us. _4_ She just eats a plain meal outside

38、 when she is too busy to cook herself. She lives a busy yet simple life, without any complaints.Often she says to us, “Work while you work, and play while you play. That is the way to be happy and gay. If you do not work, you will become lazy and be of no use to society.” What a piece of good advice

39、 this is! _5_ This advice of hers will always serve as a guide to my behavior. My mother is great indeed, and I always feel proud of her.AShe enjoys listening to classic music.BAs a mother, she takes good care of us and gives us every comfort.CShe loves her students and cares for them.DShe never goes to expensive restaurants to enjoy meals.EMy mother is hardworking and never wastes money.FI never forget it and always bear it in my mind.GCan you tell us something about your mother?答案：15 BCEDF