2019年外研版英语必修4学案：Module 4 Section Ⅳ

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1、Section_ Other_Parts_of_the_Module原文呈现 RocketsToday rockets are very advanced machines which we can use to send astronauts into space . They are also used in firework displays to celebrate great events ， such as the end of the Olympic Games or the beginning of the new millennium in the year 2000.Roc

2、kets were probably invented by accident about 2,000 years ago. The Chinese had a form of gunpowder which was put in bamboo tubes and thrown into fires to make explosions during festivals. Perhaps some of the tubes jumped out of the fire instead of exploding in it. The Chinese discovered that the gas

3、 escaping from the tube could lift it into the air. The idea of the rocket was born.读文清障 rocket/rkIt/ n.火箭 advanced adj .高级的；先进的which 引导限制性定语从句，which 在从句中作 use 的宾语。firework displays 焰火表演 great events 重大事件millennium/mIlenim/n.千年invent vt.发明；创造by accident 偶然 by chance 偶然 on purpose 故意地gunpowder/npad/n

4、.火药which 引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。throw .into .把扔进里explosion/Ikspln/n.爆炸；爆炸声make explosions 制造爆炸jump out of 从中跳出来 instead of 相反，而不是explode/Ikspld/vi.爆炸 escape/IskeIp/vi.逃跑；逃避现在分词短语作定语，修饰 the gas。火箭第 12 段译文今天，火箭是我们用来将宇航员送入太空的非常先进的机器。它们也被用在庆祝重大事件的焰火表演中，像奥运会的闭幕式或 2000 年新千年的开始。火箭可能是大约两千年前被偶然发明出来的。中国人有一种装在竹管里的火药，

5、这种火药是节日中被用来扔进火里爆炸的。也许一些竹管从火堆里蹿了出来，而不是在里面炸开。中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。于是关于火箭的想法诞生了。The first military use of rockets was in 1232. The Song Dynasty was at war with the Mongols. During the battle of Kaifeng, the Song army shot “arrows of flying fire”. The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped

6、 keep the rocket moving in a straight 21 22 23 direction . Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that 24 25 26 they introduced them to Europe. Between the 13th and 15th centuries there were many rocket experiments in England, France and Italy. They were used for

7、military purposes. One Italian 27 scientist even invented a rocket which could travel over the surface of water and hit an enemy 28 29 ship .30 But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles. Wan Hu, a Chinese government 31 official ， invented a flying chair . He attached two big kites to the ch

8、air, and 47 rockets to 32 33 the kites. The rockets were lit ， there was a huge explosion and clouds of thick smoke . 34 35 When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared . No one knows what 36 37 happened . Did Wan Hu die in the explosion? Or was he carried miles into space, becoming t

9、he 38 worlds first astronaut ？,at war with 与交战 at peace with 与和平共处39 shoot v射中 shoot at 向 射击( 不强调射中)arrow/r/n.(弓)箭 be attached to 被拴/捆到上21 keep .doing .使一直做22 doing 作宾补，表示动作正在进行或者持续进行。straight/streIt/adj.直的23 which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a long stick, 且在从句中作主语。24 how to .作 learned 的宾语。25 it is possible that .

10、是可能的。it 是形式主语，真正的主语是 that 引导的从句。26 be used for 被用作 27 over the surface of 在表面之上 hit v(hit, hit) 击中28 29 which 引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a rocket。30 not everybody 表示部分否定。31 a Chinese government official 是 Wan Hu 的同位语。32 动名词 flying 作定语，修饰 chair，表示 chair 的用途。33 light v(lit, lit)点燃 thick smoke 浓烟34 35 clear/klI/vi.(

11、烟雾)消散36 disappear vi.消失 该词不用于被动语态。37 what happened 作 knows 的宾语。38 现在分词短语 becoming the worlds .作结果状语。39 第 34 段译文火箭第一次被用于军事是在 1232 年。那时宋朝正与蒙古作战。在开封战役中，宋军射出了“飞火箭”。箭管被绑在一根长棍儿上，这根长棍儿能使火箭沿直线运动。不久，蒙古人学会了怎样自己制造火箭，并且可能是他们将其引入欧洲的。在 13 世纪到 15 世纪期间，在英国、法国和意大利有很多关于火箭的实验。它们用于军事目的。一位意大利科学家甚至发明了一种可以飞过水面打中敌舰的火箭。但并不是

12、每个人都想将火箭用于战争。一个名叫万户的中国官员发明了一种“飞椅”。他把两个大风筝绑到椅子上，又把 47 个火箭绑到风筝上。火箭被点燃了，发生了巨大的爆炸，出现了厚厚的浓烟。当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。没有人知道发生了什么。万户被炸死了？还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空，成了世界上第一位宇航员？Step 1 True (T) or False (F) 1Today rockets are only used to send astronauts into space._F_2Rockets were invented by Chinese about 2,000 years ago

13、._T_3It was in the Song Dynasty that rockets were first used in wars._T_4It is believed that Europeans learned how to make rockets from the Mongols._F_5Wan Hu succeeded in sending himself into space with the help of rockets._F_Step 2 Choose the best answers according to the passage.1When were rocket

14、s probably invented?AAbout 2,000 years ago.BIn 1232.CBetween the 13th and 15th centuries.DDuring the Song Dynasty.2It is possible that_introduced rockets to Europe.Athe Song army Bthe MongolsCWan Hu Done Italian scientist3Which country did not do rockets experiment between the 13th and 15th centurie

15、s?AItaly. BEngland.CFrance. DAmerica.4One Italian scientist invented a rocket which _.Acould fly into the skyBcould hit the enemys horseCcould fly over the surface of waterDcould clear the cloud in the air5Whats the topic of the text?AThe dangers of rockets.BThe development of rockets.CThe advantage

16、s of rockets.DThe invention of rockets.答案：15 ABDCB 一、这样记单词记得准写得对 记得快 记得多.基础词汇1.diagnose vt. 诊断2.victim n. 受害者3.brilliant adj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的4.career n. 生涯；经历5.rocket n. 火箭6.partly adv. 部分地；在一定程度上7.physical adj. 身体的8.escape vi. 逃跑；逃避9.relativity n. 相对论10.arrow n. (弓)箭11.clear vi. (烟雾 )消散.拓展词汇1.straight ad

17、j.直的 adv.直接地；笔直地straighten v(使)变直2.brief adj.简短的；简洁的briefly adv.简短地；简洁地3.graduate vi.毕业graduation n毕业4.personal adj.个人的personally adv.亲自；就个人而言personality n个性；性格5.explode vi.爆炸explosion n爆炸；爆炸声1.career n生涯；经历词块 teaching career 教学生涯2.brief adj.简短的；简洁的 派生 briefly adv.简短地；简洁地词块 in brief 简言之3.physical ad

18、j.身体的联想 mental adj.精神的；脑力的词块 physical educationPE 体育physical examination 身体检查4.arrow n(弓)箭联想 bow n弓；弓状物词块 bow and arrow 弓箭5.escape vi.逃跑；逃避同义 flee6.brilliant adj.聪颖的；才华横溢的；光辉夺目的；灿烂的；优秀的近义 splendid; excellent; magnificent二、这样记短语记牢固定短语 多积常用词块1.be known for 因而出名/闻名 1.the voice of science 科学的代言人2be diag

19、nosed with 被诊断出；患有3earn ones/a living 谋生4in the area of . 在领域5by accident 偶然地6be attached to 被绑在 上7be at war with 与交战8graduate from 从毕业；毕业于9send .into . 把发送到中10jump out of 从中跳出来11escape from (从)逃离2physical disability 身体残疾3make explosions 使爆炸4come to power 掌权5in space 在太空中6throw .into 把扔进7in a straig

20、ht direction 以笔直的方向8well done 不错，真棒9theory of relativity 相对论10a form of energy 能量的一种形式三、这样记句式先背熟 再悟通 后仿用1.Soon the Mongols learned how to make rockets themselves and it is possible that they introduced them to Europe.不久，蒙古人学会了怎样自己制造火箭，并且可能是他们将其引入欧洲的。“疑问词to do ”结构，相当于一个名词性从句，在句中作 learned 的宾语。We shoul

21、d teach children how_to_survive when in danger.我们应该教孩子危险时如何生存下去。2.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.箭管被绑在一根长棍儿上，这根长棍儿能使火箭沿直线运动。“keep宾语宾补”，其中 the rocket 是宾语，现在分词 moving 是宾补，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。Dont keep_me_waiting for too long.别让我等太久。3.Or was

22、 he carried miles into space，becoming the worlds first astronaut?还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空成了世界上第一位宇航员？句中的 becoming the worlds first astronaut是现在分词短语作结果状语。It snowed heavily for two days, making_the_temperature_fall_greatly.下了两天大雪，致使气温大幅度下降。4.In Stephen Hawkings case it “Itbe过去分词 It_is_said_that the moon is the

23、 was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.在斯蒂芬霍金的例子中，我们发现他是一位杰出的科学家。that”句型。其中 it 是形式主语，that 引导的从句是真正的主语。biggest and brightest on MidAutumn Day.据说在中秋节那天月亮是最大最亮的。1(教材 P36)What is Einstein known for?爱因斯坦因什么而出名？be known for 因而出名/闻名be known as 作为而出名be known to 被熟知Guilin is known for her beautifu

24、l mountains and rivers.桂林因其美丽的山水而闻名。Mo Yan was internationally known for his novels.莫言因他的小说而闻名于世。She was known as a campus singer when she was a middle school student.当她还是一个中学生的时候，就作为一名校园歌手而出名了。The player is_known_to the younger generation.这位运动员为年轻一代所熟知。2(教材 P37)He was born in 1942 in Oxford and gra

25、duated from Oxford University.他 1942 年出生在牛津，后又从牛津大学毕业。graduate vi.毕业 n.C大学毕业生(1)graduate from 毕业于(大学)graduate in 毕业于(专业)(2)graduation n. 毕业Johnson is a new graduate .He has difficulty in dealing with whatever problems arise.约翰逊是刚毕业的大学生。他很难应付出现的任何问题。After graduating from Harvard University, he return

26、ed to his motherland and set up his own business.从哈佛大学毕业后，他回到祖国创办了自己的企业。Mary graduated in medicine from Yale University last year.玛丽去年毕业于耶鲁大学医学专业。Have you kept in contact with your classmates after graduation?你毕业后和同学们还保持联系吗？名师点津 graduate 是一个短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。3(教材 P37)Albert Einstein left Germany

27、when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US.希特勒掌权时，爱因斯坦离开德国去美国工作。come to/into power 开始执政，掌权，上台beyond ones power 力所不及，不能胜任in/within ones power 在某人能力范围内in power 当权have/hold power over sth./sb. 对某事/人有控制权When Hitler came to power, many people were forced to leave their country.在希特勒掌权时，许多人被迫离开了自

28、己的祖国。It is said that the new mayor will come to/into power next month.据说新市长下个月将上任。He has been in_power for ten years but still doesnt want to leave office.他已经掌权 10 年了，但是仍然不想离开这个职位。Im afraid it is beyond my power to do what yourre asking.我恐怕不能胜任你要求做的事。名师点津 in power “当权，执政”表状态，可与表示时间段的状语连用； come to po

29、wer“开始执政，掌权 ”表动作，不能与表时间段的状语连用。4(教材 P39)The Chinese discovered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.中国人发现从竹管里释放出来的气体可以使其飞向空中。escape vi.逃跑，逃避；漏出 vt.被遗忘，被忽视 n逃跑，逃脱，逃避(1)escape from/out of . 从逃走(2)escapen./doing sth. 逃脱某事/做某事(常用被动语态)(3)have a narrow escape 九死一生So sudden was the

30、 attack that the enemy had no time to escape.这次袭击太突然了以至于敌人根本没有时间逃跑。Ive met him before, but his name escapes me.我以前见过他，但想不起他的名字了。You were very lucky to have escaped from the big fire last night.昨晚你非常幸运逃离了那场大火。Whoever breaks the law wont escape punishment/being_punished (punish)不管是谁违反了法律都将不会逃脱惩罚。Last

31、year I had a narrow escape, and I dont want to risk my life a second time.去年我死里逃生，因此我不想再去冒生命危险了。5(教材 P39)When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。clear vi.(烟雾 )消散；清理 adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清楚的，明白的写出下列句中 clear 的含义The cloud slowly cleared and the sun came out. 消散I hope I m

32、ade it clear to him that he was no longer welcome here. 清楚；明白You can see most of the city on a clear day. 晴朗的clear away 收拾；清除；整理clear up (天气) 放晴；整理，收拾；澄清I want this rubbish cleared_away now!把这些垃圾立即给我弄走！It is raining now, but I think it will clear up soon.现在还在下雨，不过我想天很快就会放晴。形象记忆注意 clear 作“清除”解时与 clea

33、n 的区别1In Stephen Hawkings case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.在斯蒂芬霍金的例子中，我们发现他是一位杰出的科学家。(1)句中 it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist 属于“Itbe过去分词that ”句型。其中 it 是形式主语， that 引导的从句是真正的主语。常用于该句型的过去分词有：said, thought, reported, believed, supposed, considered, hoped 等。It is

34、 reported that the scientists are trying to invent the new medicine for curing cancer.据报道，科学家们正在努力发明治疗癌症的新药。It is believed that your son will be admitted into a famous university.我们相信你儿子会考上一所著名大学的。It_is_hoped_ that the terrible disease will soon be controlled.人们希望这种可怕的疾病能迅速得到控制。(2)该句型可以转换为“Sb. /Sth.

35、 be过去分词不定式 ”句型或“People say/think .that .”。It is said that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.People say that greenhouse gases are the main cause of global warming.Greenhouse gases are said to_be (be) the main cause of global warming.有人说，温室气体是导致全球变暖的主要原因。2The tubes were attached to

36、 a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.箭管被绑在一根长棍儿上，这根长棍儿能使火箭沿直线运动。句中 keep the rocket moving in a straight direction 属于“keep宾语宾补”结构。其中 the rocket 是宾语，现在分词 moving 是宾补，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。“keep宾语宾补”结构的常见形式：Error!Short of financial support, I found it hard to keep the company

37、 going smoothly.由于缺少资金支持，我发现很难使公司正常运行。We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.我们应当保持教室干净和整洁。The bad weather keeps us inside the house.坏天气使我们不能出门。We should keep ourselves informed (inform) of the latest information.我们应该了解最新的信息。He kept his eyes closed (close) and stayed where he was.他闭着眼睛待在原地。3Or

38、was he carried miles into space, becoming the worlds first astronaut?还是他被带到了数英里之外的太空，成了世界上第一位宇航员？(1)本句中的 becoming the worlds first astronaut 是现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语，通常表示一个顺其自然、合乎情理的结果，只能放在句子后面。It rained heavily, causing severe flooding in that country.大雨滂沱，造成了那个国家洪水泛滥。The news shocked the public, lea

39、ding (lead) to great concern about students safety at school.这条新闻使广大民众感到很震惊，引起了人们对在校学生安全的担忧。The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving (leave) nothing valuable.大火持续了近一个月，几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。(2)不定式作结果状语，通常表示出乎意料的结果，其前常加 only 以强调这一意外结果。They reached the company out of breath only to be told they were fired.他们上气不

40、接下气地赶到公司，不料被告知他们被开除了。I hurried to the airport only to _find (find) the plane had taken off.我匆忙赶到机场，发现飞机已经起飞了。.单句语法填空1Michael Jackson is wellknown for his songs as a popular singer.2It is said that he narrowly escaped being_killed (kill) in the traffic accident the other day.3If the weather clears up

41、,_we can go out for a walk.4He hurried to the theatre, only to_be_told (tell) that the tickets had been sold out.5At the age of five, her parents died in the earthquake, leaving (leave) her an orphan.6Dont keep them working (work) day and night. They are too tired.7The crying boy is believed to_be (

42、be) the child they are looking for.8The government came to/into power in 2015, that is, it has been in power for over three years.9Im willing to go to work in a remote village after I graduate from university.10When to_go (go) for a picnic hasnt been decided.完成句子1It is quite beyond_my_power (超出了我的能力

43、) and Im determined to give up.2The little boy had_a_narrow_escape (九死一生) when a car ran towards him.3He got off the bus hurriedly, leaving _his_umbrella_on_the_bus.(把伞落在了公共汽车上)4I dont know how_to_communicate_with_strangers ( 如何与陌生人交流)5It_is_said_that (据说) he has known the truth.6The organization fi

44、nally came_to_power (掌权) after a long period of fight.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高本课语言点针对练习.单词拼写1He hope to get a good job after graduation (毕业) 2The thief broke down the locked door and escaped (逃跑)3We have to deal with the emotional and physical (身体的) problems that go along with obesity.4Joanne, a fashion desig

45、ner, was diagnosed (诊断) with breast cancer three years ago.5Tell the story briefly (简短地) and then explain why you do or do not enjoy it.6The victim (受害者) received head injuries from which she died a week later.7Her performance was technically brilliant (才华横溢的) but lacked feeling.8If you look straigh

46、t (直地) ahead, youll see the church in the distance.9Devoted to her career (事业，生涯 ), she has no desire to become a wife and mother.10We all got into a panic on hearing the explosion (爆炸声 ).单句语法填空1New York City is famous for its tall buildings and busy lifestyle.2Wang Li graduated in law from Shandong

47、 University last year.3Mike often attempts to escape being_fined (fine) whenever he breaks traffic rules.4Youll surely see your improvement if you keep your attention paid (pay) to the study.5She threw the toy on the ground, breaking (break) it into pieces.6There is not enough time, so we can touch on it only briefly (brief) here.7It is reported that a new shopping mall is_being_built (build) in the city at present.8Id like to