2019年外研版英语选修7学案：Module 4 Section Ⅲ

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1、Section Grammar 时间状语从句和省略语法图解探究发现Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played.The moment I heard it, I knew it was a completely new kind of music.The first time that rap artists recorded their music, musicians recorded the backing tracks (the music without the singing) in the s

2、tudio and the rappers added their vocals later.No sooner had he reached home than it began to rain.Hardly had I entered the room when the phone rang.Do you want to go to the movie tonight?I hope to (go to the movie)What do you think of the film (that) you saw yesterday?While (I was) at college, I be

3、gan to know him, a strange but able student.Bob has done his homework, but Tom hasnt ( done his homework)He accepted the suggestion that he (should) go there by train.我的发现(1)句中黑体部分在句中引导时间状语从句， 句为省略句。(2)句为 no sooner . than . /hardly . when .句式，表示“一就”，且 no sooner/hardly 位于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。(3)句是不定式的省略，省去了

4、to 后面的动词(短语) 。(4)由句可知，关系词在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。(5)句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中包含 be 动词的某种形式，可以将从句的主语和 be 动词同时省略。(6)句是情态动词 should 的省略；句省略了部分谓语及宾语。一、时间状语从句在复合句中起时间状语作用的句子称为时间状语从句。时间状语从句常用 when, while, as, until, since 或表示时间意义的名词短语等引导。1when, while, as 的用法连词 用 法when从句谓语用延续性动词和非延续性动词均可，主、从句谓语表示的动作可同时或先后发生从句谓语用延续性动词while

5、表示两个延续性动作同时发生且具有对比意味，或一个动作发生在另一个动作进行的过程中从句谓语动词用延续性动词，强调主、从句动作同时发生as表示“一边一边；随着”之意He was nine when his father died.他父亲去世时他才九岁。Jack was working in the lab when the power cut occurred.(2016北京高考改编)杰克正在实验室里工作，这时突然停电了。They arrived while we were having dinner.他们到时我们正在吃晚饭。While I played the piano, my sister

6、did her homework.我弹钢琴的时候姐姐在做家庭作业。As years go by, China is getting stronger and richer.随着时间一年一年过去，中国变得越来越富强了。I saw my mother as I was getting off the bus.我下公共汽车的时候看见了我妈妈。名师点津 when 在 be about to do . when ., be doing . when ., had done . when ., be on ones way . when ., be on the point of doing . when

7、 .等结构中，作“正在那时”讲，表示某个动作正在发生或刚刚发生，另一动作同时发生。He was about to leave when someone knocked at the door.他刚要离开就有人敲门。即时演练 1(1)选词填空：when, while, asIts much easier to make friends when you have similar interests.While/When in Vienna he studied music.You will grow wiser as you grow older.(2)完成句子I was about to go

8、 to bed when the telephone rang.我正要睡觉时电话铃响了。They were watching TV when they learned that the plane was out of touch.他们正在看电视，这时得知飞机失去联系。He had just left when you came.他刚离开，你就来了。He dropped the glass as he stood up.他站起来时，把杯子摔了。2until, till 的用法主句形式 主句谓语 意义肯定句 用延续性动词意为“直到为止” ，表示主句中的动作到从句动作发生时结束否定句 用非延续性动

9、词意为“直到才” ，表示主句中的动作到从句动作发生时开始He waited until she had finished speaking.他一直等到她讲完。You cant go home until you finish your work.工作完成后你才能回家。名师点津 (1) 置于句首或在强调句中时常用 until，其他情况 until 和 till 可通用。Until you told me I had no idea of it.直到你告诉我，我对此事才有所了解。(2)如果将“not until .”结构放在句首，那么主句要部分倒装。Not until his bike looke

10、d almost new did he stop cleaning it.直到他的自行车看起来几乎像新的一样，他才停止擦洗。即时演练 2(1)句型转换I didnt go to bed until I finished my work.Not until I finished my work did I go to bed.(2)完成句子You can stay here till/until the rain stops.你可以在这里待到雨停。They didnt stop talking until the teacher came in.直到老师进来，他们才停止说话。Not until

11、we pointed out their faults to them did they realize them.直到我们向他们指出了他们的错误，他们才意识到。3before, since 的用法(1)before意为“在之前” ，置于主句前后均可。Before the sun sets, we must go home. 太阳落山前，我们必须回家。如果 before 引导的从句位于主句之后，有时不能译成“在之前” ，而要译成“过了多久才，还未就”等。The struggle lasted four years before the North won in the end.这次斗争持续了

12、4 年北方才最终获胜。He almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎撞到我时才看见我。She left before I could have a word with her. 我还没来得及和她说句话，她就离开了。before 常用句型：Error!It will be two years before he leaves the country.再过两年他才会离开这个国家。It was two years before he left the country.过了两年他才离开这个国家。(2)sincesince 意为“ 自从”时，所引导的从句使用

13、非延续性动词，主句使用完成时态。Since he graduated from college, he has worked in this city.大学毕业后，他便在这个城市工作。since 的常用句型：Error!从句用非延续性动词表示动作持续了多久，用延续性动词表示动作或状态完成或结束了多久It is five days since he came here.他来这儿 5 天了。It was three years since she had lived in this city.她已有三年不住在这个城市了。即时演练 3(1)选词填空：since, beforeI have writt

14、en home once since I came here.Time passed quickly and the winter holidays had gone by before we knew it.They worked long hours for several weeks before everything returned to normal.(四川高考改编)As is reported, it is 100 years since Qinghua University was founded.(2)用所给词的正确时态填空It will be (be) one year b

15、efore we graduate from the middle school.It is/has been (be) three years since he lived here.It was (be) not long before we met again.It was five years since we had left (leave) school.4表示“一就”的引导词(短语)(1)immediately, instantly, directly, the moment (that), the instant (that), the minute (that)作连词引导时间

16、状语从句，相当于 as soon as，表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，常译为“一就” 。(2)hardly/scarcely .when .和 no sooner .than .也表示“一就” 。主句用过去完成时，when 和 than 从句中用一般过去时。Ill telephone you immediately I get home.我一到家就给你打电话。The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。He had no sooner arrived home than he was as

17、ked to start on another journey.他刚到家，就被要求开始另一旅程。Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。名师点津 hardly .when .；no sooner .than .注意三点：(1)固定搭配；(2)时态，no sooner 与 hardly 所在句子用过去完成时，when 和 than 所在句子用一般过去时；(3)当 hardly 和 no sooner 置于句首时，主句用部分倒装，将 had 提到主语之前。即时演练 4 句型转换I found myself in an entirely

18、 new world as soon as I arrived in Beijing.I found myself in an entirely new world immediately/instantly/directly I arrived in Beijing.I found myself in an entirely new world the moment/minute/instant I arrived in Beijing.No sooner had I arrived in Beijing than I found myself in an entirely new worl

19、d.Hardly had I arrived in Beijing when I found myself in an entirely new world.5the first time, the last time .等作连词引导时间状语从句the first time (第一次的时候 ), the last time (上次 的时候), by the time (到的时候为止), every/each time (每次的时候), next time (下次的时候)等也可作连词，引导时间状语从句。Childrens lives are in danger every time they c

20、ross this road.孩子们每次过这条马路都面临着生命危险。The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news, think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.(2016浙江高考)下次想说最新消息时，要想一下你为什么要说闲话以及你的带水分的故事会带来什么影响。By the time he was fourteen, he had built his own lab.到他十四岁的时候，他已建起自己的实验室。名

21、师点津 by the time 引导的时间状语从句中可用一般现在时表示将来，此时主句应使用将来完成时；当从句中用一般过去时时，主句应使用过去完成时。即时演练 5 用所给词的适当形式填空The first time I got (get) there alone, I was frightened.Every time I try (try) to visit him in the office Im told he is in a meeting.The last time I visited (visit) her, she was studying at a medical college

22、.Remember to send me a photo of us the next time you write (write) to me.By the time he was ten, he had studied (study) advanced math.By the time we graduate, we will have stayed (stay) here for five years.二、省略为了使语言简洁或避免重复，省略句子中的一个或几个句子成分，这种语法现象称为省略。按照省略的部分可分为句子成分的省略和词的省略。1简单句及并列句中的省略省略成分 情况说明主语在祈使句

23、中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略谓语或谓语的一部分 为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略表语 答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语省略省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语宾语双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个主语和谓语，或主语和谓语的一部分在不引起歧义的情况下为使语言更加简洁、明了可省略() beg your pardon.(我)请您原谅。/请再说一遍。Some of us study Japanese; others (study) English.我们中有些人学习日语，有些人(学习) 英语。Do you know Mr Li?I dont know (him)你认识李先生

24、吗？我不认识(他)。She washed (the shirt), ironed (the shirt), and folded the shirt.她洗了衬衫，并且把它熨好、折叠好。Sorry, (youve dialed the) wrong number.对不起，你拨错号了。即时演练 6(1)补全下列句子Like a drink?Would you like a drink?Im hungry.Are you?Are you hungry?Show me your essay.Ill show you later.Ill show you my essay later.He is a s

25、tudent but I a teacher.He is a student but I am a teacher.(2)句型转换His father is a doctor and his mother is a nurse.His father is a doctor and his mother a nurse.John likes collecting stamps but he hates listening to music.John likes collecting stamps but hates listening to music.Do you have anything

26、else to say?Anything else to say?2复合句中的省略(1)主句中的省略常见于句首或回答问题时，只用从句。Why didnt you come to class yesterday?(I didnt come to class yesterday) Because I was ill.你昨天为什么没来上课？(昨天我没来上课)因为我病了。(2)宾语从句中的省略在宾语从句中常省略连词 that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词 that 可以省略。I know (that) she is a teacher and that she is a

27、n excellent writer.我知道她是一个老师，也是一个优秀的作家。(3)状语从句中的省略当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是 it，并且从句谓语中有 be 动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和 be 动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况：在 as, before, till, until, when, while 等引导的时间状语从句中。While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.当(我)正沿街而行时，我听到有人叫我的名字。在 though, although 等引导的让步状语从句中。Thoug

28、h (they were) tired, they went on working.虽然(他们) 累了，但他们继续工作。在 if, unless 等引导的条件状语从句中。You shouldnt come to his party unless (you are) invited.除非你被邀请，否则(你)不应该来参加他的晚会。在 as, as if, as though 等引导的方式状语从句中。He did as (he was) told.他按要求去做了。名师点津 在虚拟语气中，常省掉 if，从句使用倒装句式。Were I you (If I were you), I should give

29、 that guy a good lesson.如果我是你的话，我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。(4)定语从句中的省略一般说来，在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词 that, which, who, whom 可以省略；而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。The man (whom) you saw yesterday fell ill.你昨天见到的那个人病倒了。The man, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill.那个人病倒了，你昨天见到他了。当先行词是 way，且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时，引导词可用 in which 或that，也可以省略。

30、The way (in which/that) these comrades treat problems is wrong.这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。即时演练 7(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空(浙江高考改编)There are some health problems that, when not treated (treat) in time, can become bigger ones later on.(2)在句中能省略的部分下面画线I believe that she will help you and that you will succeed. Ill give you

31、all that I have as long as you are happy. Whenever it is possible, he will come to my help. (3)句型转换If it is necessary, we shall send a telegram home.If necessary, we shall send a telegram home.Someone has used my mobile phone, but I dont know who has used it.Someone has used my mobile phone, but I d

32、ont know who.I wont go to the wedding unless I am invited.I wont go to the wedding unless invited.3动词不定式中的省略动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况，一是动词不定式符号 to 后的动词部分的省略；二是动词不定式符号 to 的省略。(1)省略动词不定式符号 to 后的动词部分的情况一些表示心理活动、情感态度的动词或短语，如 expect, want, hope, wish, love, hate, decide, plan, mean, try, would like, be ready, b

33、e afraid, be glad 等后，动词不定式省略 to 后面的动词部分，但保留 to。Will you go with me?Well, Id like to.你愿意和我一起去吗？嗯，我愿意(和你一起去 )。不定式作宾语补足语时，省略 to 后的动词部分，即用 to 代替整个不定式。Youd better finish the job on time if he ordered you to.如果他命令你，你最好按时完成工作。名师点津 如果该不定式后的动词是 be 或完成时态，则需在 to 后加上 be 或 have。Are you a lawyer?No, but I hope to

34、 be.你是律师吗？不是，但是我希望是。Have you been to the West Lake? I hope to have.你去过西湖吗？我希望去过。(2)省略动词不定式符号 to 的情况动词不定式作感官动词 feel, see, notice, watch, find, hear, listen to, observe 和使役动词have, make, let 等的宾语补足语时，动词不定式符号 to 省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态，其后的动词不定式符号 to 不能省略 (但 let 除外) 。We often hear him sing the song at home. He i

35、s often heard to sing the song at home.我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词 and, or, than, but 连接时，从第二个不定式起，往往省略不定式符号 to。但如果强调对比之意时不省略。Shed like to take off her coat and have a break.她想脱去外套休息一会儿。Its more difficult to do than to say.做比说难。(强调语意前后对比 )在 why 或 why not 引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。Why get so excited?为什么变得那

36、么激动？名师点津 but，except 作介词，后接动词不定式。如果这些介词之前有行为动词 do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带 to，反之则要带 to。 She could do nothing but cry.她除了哭什么也做不了。He has no choice but to leave.他别无选择只有离开。即时演练 8(1)单句改错They had seen her to grow up from childhood.去掉 toThe teacher came not to punish you but help you. but 后加 toShe was made work f

37、or ten hours a day. work 前加 toI have no choice except accept his conditions. accept 前加 to(2)用适当的词完成省略句The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.单句语法填空1(2017北京高考改编)If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people until yo

38、u figure it out.2While we were watching TV, he was writing a composition.3By the time she was 18, she had graduated (graduate) from the university.4He had hardly finished the test when the bell rang.5I will tell (tell) him the news as soon as I see him.6I had no sooner gone out than it began to rain

39、.把下列句子变成省略句1She likes singing and she likes dancing.She likes singing and dancing.2The man who is sitting by the window is Mr Smith.The man sitting by the window is Mr Smith.3He could not decide whether to buy the car or not to buy the car.He could not decide whether to buy the car or not.4When it i

40、s heated, the metal expands.When heated, the metal expands.5Everything is good when it is new, but friends are good when they are old.Everything is good when new, but friends when old.6He worked hard but his brother did not work hard.He worked hard but his brother not.7While he was reading the newsp

41、aper, grandpa nodded from time to time.While reading the newspaper, grandpa nodded from time to time.短文改错With the living standard rises, there is a large amount waste on campus. For example, some students tend to leave the lights on during the day and water run after washing. They also throw away th

42、e food what they dont like. So it is highly time we dealt with these problems. Here are what I think we should do：First of all, we should turn off the lights and the tap before we use them. Secondly, wed better eating up what we buy in the school cafeteria. More importantly, we should form habit of saving natural resources however we do.答案：第一句：risesrising; amount 后加 of第二句：runrunning第三句：whatthat/which第四句：highlyhigh第五句：areis第六句：before after第七句：eatingeat第八句：habit 前加 a; howeverwhatever