2019年外研版英语选修8学案：Module 3 Section Ⅰ

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1、The United Kingdom (UK) is located in the west of the mainland of Europe. Farmers in this country produce about 60 percent of the food the UK needs. From 19801990, farmers used machines to plant and harvest crops. The productivity (生产力) of UK farms increased by about 10 percent during that period. M

2、ore farmers would raise animals rather than plant crops. Some of the worlds best beef and lamb is produced in the UK.The UK consists of England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland. Each region has its own special cuisine. The English cooking style didnt use many spices and was sometimes criticize

3、d for its taste. During the 1700s and 1800s, English explorers and colonists traded and developed settlements (居留地) in the Caribbean region, Asia, Africa, and North America. The English were influenced by the cultures of their colonies, so English cooking began to use new spices and cooking techniqu

4、es learned from countries like India.Throughout the UK, meat pie is popular. It combines ground meat, vegetables, and potatoes inside it. Other popular meals are fish and chips. They are popular takeout foods. At around 4 pm., people in the UK traditionally took a break for tea. Traditional “high te

5、a” included formal preparation of tea, accompanied finger food, like cucumber sandwiches. People living in the modern UK are sometimes too busy to have a break for traditional high tea, but most people still stop their work activities for a tea break at around 4 pm. Tea and cookies are the common fo

6、od for this break.Traditionally, the British eat four meals a day, including breakfast, lunch, tea, and dinner. The traditional breakfast includes eggs, sausage, mushrooms, tomatoes, and fried bread. However, many English people now have no time to cook such breakfast, and just eat a wheat cereal. I

7、n casual conversations, the British use the term “pudding (布丁 )” in a general way to refer to dessert, even if the dessert served is not pudding.Section_ Introduction_ they knew what was still to come. But I was already so full that I could only watch as the banquet continued.读文清障obsess/bses/v.使着迷 b

8、e obsessed with/by 着迷于aspect n方面 banquet /bkwIt/n.宴会dish/dI/n.一道菜balance v使保持平衡，立稳balance . on .把平稳地放在 上面with plates .是 with 复合结构，在句中作状语。to be served 是动词不定式的被动式作后置定语，修饰 dishes，表示将来的动作。greedily/gridIli/adv.贪婪地greed n贪心，贪婪 greedy adj.贪婪的，贪心的everyone else 其他人，else 修饰不定代词或不定副词时，必须后置。chopstick/tpstIk/n.(

9、 常复) 筷子a pair of chopsticks 一双筷子continuing to chat 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是若修饰此类短语，可在 to 前面加上 much 或 greatly。dessert/dIzt/n.甜食 desert n沙漠 v.遗弃，擅离no wonder 难怪 Its no wonder that .难怪本句是 so . that .结构，句中 as 引导了一个时间状语从句。第一篇第 12 段译文中国人对食物想法颇多。事实上，我觉得他们有时候对此到了痴迷的程度。我第一次体验中国文化的这一方面是于 1998 年在北京

10、旅游时的一次宴会上。我以前也经常吃中餐，但从没有想到真正的中式宴席会那么丰盛。首先上来的六七个菜好像就已经填满了桌子，盘子都很危险地交互摞着。我以为这么多的食物就是所有要上的菜了，便开始贪婪地吃起来。其他的人都只是对每个菜尝了一点儿，然后放下筷子继续聊天。我想：“他们可能胃口不好。”使我惊奇的是，更多的菜又被端上来了，加上汤、小菜及甜点，这些菜够一整个军队的人吃了。怪不得跟我一起的客人们每道菜也就浅尝几口；他们知道还有什么菜要上呢。但是我已经吃得太饱了，以至于宴席还继续着的时候我只有看的份儿了。Another aspect of “food culture” is that the Chine

11、se seem to eat almost every part of every animal much to the horror of many westerners. Stomach, intestines， ears, tongue， tail, hoof， and lungs are all likely to end up on the dinner table in front of you. The first 21 time I saw a threeyearold kid cheerfully chewing a chickens head I had bad dream

12、s for 22 23 weeks.These days I enjoy that sort of food myself. On a recent trip to the United States I suddenly 24 felt like some Chinese delicacies ， and asked the guy at the meat counter of a supermarket, 25 26 “Do you have pigs ears？” “No，” he said, pulling at his own ear ， “just these ordinary 2

13、7 ones.” He must have thought I was joking. 28 However, there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me to accept . The 29 infamous choudoufu is an example. (The name says it all: “stinky tofu”) Just when I got used 30 to it ， I found another variety on a trip to Hunan: deepfried choudo

14、ufu, a horrible black 31 32 substance that looked and smelled about as appetising as a burnt tennis shoe . Maybe Ill get 33 34 used to that, too someday . 35 that . every animal 是表语从句。much to the horror of sb.令某人深感恐怖的是intestine/IntestIn/n.(常复) 肠tongue/t/n.舌头 hoof/huf/n.( 猪、牛等的)蹄end up 结束；(尤指经历一系列意料之

15、外的事情后) 最终处于end . with 以结 21 束the first time 是名词词组，起连词作用，引导时间状语从句。 22 chew/tu/v.咀嚼 23 on a trip to 在去 的旅行中 24 feel like 想要 (后接动名词形式 ) 25 delicacy/delIksi/n.佳肴，珍馐 26 pulling at his own ear 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。 27 must have thought“一定认为 ”，表示对过去情况的肯定推测。 28 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 foods。 29 infamous/Infms/adj.臭名昭著的，声名狼

16、藉的 30 get used to 习惯于 be used to do 被用来做 31 be/get/become used to doing 习惯于做when I got used to it 是时间状语从句。 32 appetising/ptaIzI/adj.开胃的，增进食欲的 33 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 substance。 34 someday adv.(将来)有一天 one day(过去或将来) 有一天 35 第 35 段译文 中国“饮食文化”的另外一方面是中国人似乎会食用几乎所有动物的任一部位 这令很多西方人深感恐怖。胃、肠子、耳朵、舌头、尾巴、蹄子以及肺都可能在你面前的

17、餐桌上被消灭掉。我第一次看到一个三岁的孩子欢快地嚼着一个鸡头时，我做了好几周的噩梦。如今我自己也喜欢上了那类食物。在最近一次到美国的旅行中，我突然想吃一些中国的美味，然后就问一家超市里卖肉的柜台前的一个小伙子：“你这儿有猪耳朵吗？”“没有，”他拽着自己的耳朵说，“只有这些普通的。”他肯定以为我在开玩笑。然而，也有一些食物让我花了更长的时间才接受得了。“臭名昭著”的臭豆腐就是一个例子。 从名字上就全看出来了： “发臭的豆腐”。 就在我刚刚习惯了它的味道的时候，我在到湖南的一次旅行中又发现了另外一种：油炸臭豆腐，令人恐怖的黑乎乎的一团，看起来、闻起来都像是一只烧焦了的网球鞋。或许有那么一天我也会习

18、惯吃它的。Passage 2The first time I ate British food I was in the canteen of a London publisher. Some people just sat down on the sofa to eat. I was amazed at their easy and graceful manner while I stood there feeling somewhat confused by the food . At the counter there were colourful mixtures in eight o

19、r nine big boxes. It was quite hard to make out what they contained. The waiter put these foods inside bread or potatoes according to peoples requirements . I still remember what I ate: a tuna fish and cheese sandwich. It didnt actually taste bad, but to me the cold fish, cold cheese, and even the b

20、read from the fridge, was a meal that would make you feel cold inside . Later, I found out that British people like cold food. Their salad, for example, is made from vegetables which are only washed before serving， while Chinese food is prepared more carefully. The Chinese have a fixed phrase “cold

21、leftovers”. Cold food means poverty you dont give it to a guest! No wonder westerners like Chinese food.be amazed at 因而惊讶amazing adj.令人惊讶的manner/mn/n.方式；方法good/bad manners 有/没有礼貌while 在此处表示对比。feeling . the food 是现在分词短语作伴随状语。make out 看出，理解It was quite hard to make out .中 it 是形式主语，真正的主语是“to make out .

22、”。requirement/rIkwaImnt/n.要求后跟同位语从句时，从句的谓语动词要用“(should)动词原形”。tuna/tjun/n.金枪鱼that would make you feel cold inside 是定语从句，修饰 a meal。find out 发现，弄明白be made from 由制成(看不出原材料)be made of 由 制成(能看出原材料)be made into 被制成 which are only washed before serving 是定语从句，修饰 vegetables。fixed/fIkst/adj.固定的第二篇第 1 段译文我第一次吃英

23、国食物是在一家伦敦出版社的餐厅。有些人就坐在沙发上吃着自己的食物。我惊讶于他们闲适优雅的举止，而我却站在那儿对他们的食物感到有些茫然。柜台前的八九个大盒子里装着各色的混在一起的东西。很难弄清楚它们究竟是什么做的。服务人员按照各人的要求往面包或者土豆里面塞入这些食物。我仍然记得我吃的东西：一条金枪鱼和奶酪三明治。味道确实不错，但是冰冷的金枪鱼，冰冷的奶酪，甚至连面包也是刚从冰箱里拿出来的，这些让我知道一顿饭居然可以让人吃得透心凉。后来，我发现英国人喜欢吃冷食。比如，他们做沙拉的蔬菜只是在上菜前洗一洗，然而中国的食物却要准备得更精细。中国人有个成语叫“残羹冷炙”。冷菜冷饭意味着贫穷你是不会用它来招

24、待客人的！怪不得西方人喜欢中国食物。I also learned that the English like to mix food before serving it at the table. I once ordered mushroom soup in a restaurant and was astonished when it was brought to the table. It seemed to be just a bowl of grey liquid and it was only after I had tasted it that I knew it was act

25、ually cooked with mushrooms. The things inside sandwiches and baked potatoes are also various kinds of mashed food, like the fillings of jiaozi in Beijing. The food here goes against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table. Chinese dishes can be photographed and have a nice appeara

26、nce. We would never mash food into an unrecognisable shape.Whats more ， the names of many kinds of English food are hard to remember . In fact, 21 22 they often use French or Italian words. But one thing I do admire is the polite manner in which 23 British people eat, even if it is just a potato.mus

27、hroom/mrum/n.蘑菇it was . that .是强调句，强调时间状语 only after I had tasted it。mash/m/v.捣烂，捣成泥状filling/fIlI/n.馅go against 违反，与不符can be photographed 是含情态动词的被动语态。unrecognisable/nrekgnaIzbl/adj.无法辨认的whats more 此外，而且 21 be hard to remember 很难记住 22 do 用来强调动词，常译为“确实，的确”。 23 第 23 段译文 我还知道了英国人喜欢搅拌食物，然后再端上桌。一次我在饭店里点了蘑

28、菇汤，刚端上桌来的时候吓了我一跳。看上去那只是一碗灰色的汤，我尝了一下后才知道那确实是用蘑菇做的。夹在三明治和烤土豆里面的东西也都是各种捣烂的食物，和北京的饺子馅儿很相似。这里的饮食跟中国人在餐桌上的美学原则大相径庭。中国菜外观非常好看，可以拍照。我们永远不会把食物捣成一种无法辨认的形状。此外，许多种英国菜的名字也很难记住。事实上，它们经常使用法文或者意大利文。但是的确让我非常佩服的一件事是英国人吃饭的礼貌举止，哪怕仅仅是一个土豆，他们也会吃得斯斯文文。PrereadingPlease match the words with their proper meanings.1owe Astayi

29、ng the same; not changing or able to be changed2taste Bsomething that you need or want3obsess Cthe way that something is done or happens4manner Dto think too much about something5requirement Ethe particular quality that different foods and drinks have that allows you to recognize them when you put t

30、hem in your mouth6fixed Fto have to return money that you have borrowed16 _答案：16 FEDCBALeadinDo you like foreign food? Can you name the following food?1.spaghetti 2.sandwichWhilereadingFastreadingSkim the passages and choose the best answers.1Skim Passage 1 and choose the main idea of it.AThe writer

31、s experiences of having Chinese food.BA trip to Beijing.CA recent trip to the USA.DSome infamous Chinese food.2Skim Passage 2 and choose the purpose of the writer.ATo tell about English food culture.BTo show her positive attitude towards English food.CTo show her negative attitude towards English fo

32、od.DTo tell what she thinks about English food.答案：12 AACarefulreading()Choose the best answers according to the passages.1It seems that the writer in Paragraph 1 of Passage 1 felt _ at how much food a real Chinese banquet could have.Adisappointed BinterestedCincredible Dterrible2We can infer from Pa

33、ssage 1 that the writer _.Ahad a low opinion of Chinese foodBhad a good impression of Chinese foodCthought Chinese people wasted lots of foodDthought the people at table had small appetites3From Passage 2, we know that Chinese food _.Apays much attention to beauty and style besides its tasteBinclude

34、s various kinds of mashed foodCoften has an unrecognizable shapeDis prepared with little care4According to Passage 2, what impressed the writer most?AThe taste of British food.BThe names of British food.CThe styles of British food.DThe manner in which the British eat.答案：14 CBAD()Complete the followi

35、ng form according to the passages.Plates were dangerously balanced one on top of another. I ate 1.greedily while everyone else just tasted 2.a_bit_of each dish.The Chinese seem to eat almost 3.every_part of every animal. The first time I saw a kid cheerfully chewing a 4.chickens_head,_I had bad drea

36、ms for weeks.Passage 1 (Experiences of having Chinesefood)I didnt get used to the deepfried 5.choudoufu, which looked and smelled about as appetising as a 6.burnt_tennis_shoe.Passage 2 (Experiences of havI was amazed by the British food. It was hard to 7.make_out what the boxes contained. The Britis

37、h people like cold food while the Chinese think it means 8.poverty.ing Britishfood)I was astonished at the bowl of grey liquid being offered after ordering 9.mushroom_soup. The things inside sandwiches and baked potatoes are various kinds of 10.mashed_food.StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult

38、 sentences in the passages.1Their salad, for example, is made from vegetables which are only washed before serving, while Chinese food is prepared more carefully.句式分析 本句由表示对比的 while 连接一个复合句和一个简单句； while 前的复合句中，for example 作插入语， which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 vegetables。尝试翻译 比如，他们做沙拉的蔬菜只是在上菜前洗一洗，然而中国的食物却要准备得更精细。

39、2It seemed to be just a bowl of grey liquid and it was only after I had tasted it that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms.句式分析尝试翻译 看上去那只是一碗灰色的汤，我尝了一下后才知道那确实是用蘑菇做的。.阅读理解AFrench cuisine is extremely diverse, with only the Chinese having similar variety in their food. This variety is supporte

40、d by the French passion for good food in all its forms, Frances extraordinary range of different geographical conditions and climates that support the local production of many types of ingredients (原料), and Frances long and varied history. In many ways, an understanding of the culture of French food

41、 is an understanding of France itself.Meals range from the very basic, such as the traditional baguette (棍子面包), cheese and inexpensive wine, to very elaborate meals that can include a dozen dishes and different wines consumed over several hours. Obviously, the latter type of dining is hardly used by

42、 most people. However, it is this dining that is typically found in “French restaurants” outside France, giving many foreigners the mistaken impression that French food is heavy and complicated. In fact, much of the French cuisine is fairly simple, relying on highquality fresh ingredients and loving

43、 preparation.Almost all the famous French dishes are regional specialties. The French Mediterranean uses olive oil, herbs and tomatoes in many of its dishes. The cuisine of northwest France uses butter, soured cream and apples. The cuisine of northeast France has a strong German influence which incl

44、udes beer and sauerkraut (泡菜). Throughout the south in general there tends to be more use of vegetables and fruit (in part due to the favorable climate)Any discussion about the influences on French cuisine would be incomplete without recognizing the historical contribution of Italy to the developmen

45、t of French cooking. In 1533, Catherine De Medicis (a Florentine princess) married a French prince. At this point, France was not known for its food. Catherine brought many Italian chefs with her to France, who introduced to France a variety of dishes, food preparation and dining practices. Although

46、 France and Italy obviously have evolved very different food cultures, much of Frances current food culture can be traced back to this time.语篇 解 读 ：法 国 美 食 闻 名 天 下 ，本 文 向 我 们 介 绍 了 法 国 美 食 的 特 点 。1Which of the following statements is NOT true?AChinese cuisine is full of variety.BFrance has different

47、 climates.CFrance has a long history.DFrench cuisine lacks variety.解析：选 D 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “French cuisine is extremely diverse, with only the Chinese having similar variety in their food.”可知 D 项描述错误。2In France, a meal that includes a dozen dishes and different wines _.Ais often consumed by average peop

48、leBcan only be found in restaurantsCis not common among most peopleDis considered to be simple by most people解析：选 C 推理判断题。根据第二段的 “Obviously, the latter type of dining is hardly used by most people.”可知 C 项正确。3What is the third paragraph mainly about?AFeatures of food in different parts of France.BTable manners in different parts of France.CWhat influenced the development of French cuisine.DHow French cuisine affects loc