2019年译林版英语选修8讲义：Unit 1 Section Ⅳ

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1、Section_ Grammar he would never give up wanting to be a director.我知道没有什么会使他灰心，他永远也不会放弃想成为一名导演的愿望。即时演练 5(1)选词填空Shed lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.(neither/either)This project requires close teamwork. Nothing_ will be achieved unless we work well together

2、.(everything/nothing)(2)完成句子没有什么比健康更重要的了。Nothing is more important than health.没人同意这个周末去爬山。Nobody/No_one_agrees to climb up the mountain this weekend.2部分否定英语中一些含有总括含义的代词、形容词或副词，当用于否定句中时，只否定一部分，而不是全部否定。如 all, everybody (everyone), everything, anyone (anybody), anything, anywhere, everywhere, always,

3、quite, both, entirely, altogether 等词与 not 连用时，在汉语中译为“不全是” “不都是” “并非全都是” “不总是”等。All the people are not generous.并不是所有的人都慷慨。Not everything can be reduced to statistics.不是所有的事情都可以被归纳为数据。即时演练 6(1)选词填空Its an eitheror situation we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we cant do both.(ei

4、ther/both)(2)句型转换Some young people like rock music.Not all young people like rock music.One of the two boys is from America.Both of the boys are not from America.3双重否定双重否定，意义肯定：指同一句中有两处具有否定含义，但表达的意义是肯定的，通常比肯定句的语气要重。译成汉语时可以译成肯定形式，也可以保持双重否定形式。用于表示双重否定的词或结构有：no . not; no/not . without; cannot but do (不

5、得不); cannot help doing; cannot help but do; without doubt; without fail; not seldom (常常); not displeased (满意的)等。Dont try to operate this machine unless you know the rules for safety.如果不懂安全规则，就不要试图操作这台机器。It is not uncommon to find her reading the newspaper.看见她读报并不稀罕。We cannot help admiring his braver

6、y.我们不得不佩服他的勇敢。即时演练 7 完成句子活到老，学到老。Its_never_too_late to learn.不经历风雨，怎能见彩虹。There is no success without_hardships.4某些结构表达否定意义(1)too .to (太 而不能)Hes too small to do that.他太小了，干不了那件事。(2)more A than B(与其 B 不如 A)，more than含有 can 的从句 (不能)He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋。Your problem is more than I can deal w

7、ith.你的问题我解决不了。(3)比较级than不定式(不至于做)You should know better than to play football in the classroom.你应该明白不该在教室里踢足球。He was wiser than to have done such a thing.他不至于愚蠢到做出这样的事情。即时演练 8 完成句子这帽子太大，没法戴。The hat is too_large_to_wear.与其说她害羞，倒不如说她是害怕。She is more_frightened_than shy.5连词 before，unless 等引导的状语从句可以表达否定意

8、义He slipped out before the meeting started.会议还没开始，他就悄悄地溜出去了。Unless you put on your overcoat, youll catch a cold.如果你不穿大衣，就会感冒。即时演练 9(1)单句语法填空She says that shell have to close the shop unless business improves.(2)翻译句子我还没来得及回答，他就跑出了房间。He_ran_out_of_the_room_before_I_could_answer.除非努力否则你不会成功。You_will_no

9、t_succeed_unless_you_work_hard.6虚拟语气可以表达否定意义But for your coming, I should have been very lonely.要不是你来了，我会感到很寂寞的。即时演练 10(1)单句语法填空(2016北京高考改编)Why didnt you tell me about your trouble last week? If you had_told(tell) me, I could have helped.They were abroad during the months when we were carrying out t

10、he investigation, or they would_have_come (come) to our help.(2)句型转换If there hadnt been your help, I would have failed.But_for your help, I would have failed.If you had followed my advice, it would be better.If_only_ you had followed my advice, it would be better.选择适当的词或短语填空far from，free from，seldom

11、，hardly，unless，would rather .than， not， not until， none， all， nobody， neither， any， everything， nor 1Hardly can Mr.Black believe what has happened to his daughter.2To tell you the truth, I seldom go to the gym to work out.3Not having known the teachers real meaning, I decided to go and ask him in pe

12、rson.4What do you think of my work?Im afraid its far_from satisfactory.5Mothers are doing what they can to make sure that their children are free_from any kind of harm.6The young lady said she would_rather remain single than marry such a selfish man.7It was not_until they settled in the quiet countr

13、yside that Joe felt happy and content.8The company wont take on these graduates unless they get through the final test.9The parents didnt tolerate their kids rudeness at the party, nor did they allow themselves to be disobeyed.10I thought there would be many students in the hall, but when I got in,

14、I found none.11I am new in the school and I know nobody here.The kids are very kind and I think you will make friends with them soon.12John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday?Neither. Ill be off to London then.13Not all the girls left early.14Jane was asked a lot of questions, but she did

15、nt answer any of them.15I agree with most of what you said, but I dont agree with everything.完成句子1一个人的朋友越多越好。A man cannot have_too_many_friends.2我迫不及待读这本书。I cant_wait_to_read the book.3时间比任何东西都珍贵。Nothing_is_more_valuable than time.4这部电影很有趣，我从没有看到过更好的了。This film is very interesting. I have never_seen

16、_a_better_one.5她现在已不可能完全恢复了。There_is_now_no_possibility_that she will make a full recovery.6难怪你累了呢，你已经走了好几个小时了。It_is_no_wonder_that youre tired. Youve been walking for hours.7听到这个笑话，我们情不自禁地笑了起来。Hearing the joke, we couldnt_help_laughing.8并非所有的计划都是可行的。Not_all_the_plans are practical.短文改错Last week, wh

17、en we learned the new word “slovenly”， we asked to make a sentence with it.I volunteered to do it by saying “My deskmate is a slovenly girl who clothes never fit her.” Hearing this, a whole class burst into laughter and my deskmate face turned red.After class, I learned up from the teacher that my d

18、eskmate would have dropped out of school if she hadnt been helped with others.My mindless words must have hurt him deeply.Not until then do I realize words could be powerfully in both positive and negative ways.We should avoid hurt others if our words are not encouraging.答案：第一句：asked 前加 were第二句：whow

19、hose第三句：athe; deskmatedeskmates第四句：去掉 up; withby第五句：himher第六句：dodid; powerfullypowerful第七句：hurthurting一、基本结构文学评论的对象是文学作品(小说、诗歌、散文、戏剧、绘画、影视等) 。评论的目的是通过对文学作品的思想内容、创作风格、艺术特点等方面的评论、评价，提高阅读和鉴赏水平。一般说来，一篇文学评论分为三部分：作者的姓名、书名及作者的简要信息；故事梗概；评论。首段：应揭示作者的姓名、书名及有关作者的简要信息。要结合作者所处的时代特点来写其生平，还要写出促使作者创作本作品的历史条件，与书中有关的

20、历史和时代背景。良好的开篇段落对书评来说非常有挑战性，其目的是抓住读者的注意力，促使他们产生读这篇文章的热切愿望。中段：如果是小说，要对情节做简要勾勒，要特别注意梗概的客观性，内容完整且忠实原著；如果不是小说，则要点明写作目的和主题。故事梗概可使用现在时，但在为非小说类作品写梗概时，则需按照原著的时态写。尾段：对作品的评论和议论是文章的核心部分。在这一部分里，可以提出对作品的看法，评论它的优缺点，讨论它对现在及将来的影响等等；也可以对作品风格和作者的表现手法进行评论，但评判应实事求是，不要绝对化、简单化，褒贬都要注意分寸。二、增分佳句1Since the novel was published

21、, it has been popular among children as well as adults.自从小说出版以来，就受到了小孩和成年人的欢迎。2I liked the story so much that my mother always read it to me before I went to sleep every night during my childhood.我非常喜欢这个故事，小时候每天晚上睡觉之前我母亲总是读给我听。3We are always finding new beauties in Shakespeares poetry.我们不断地在莎士比亚的诗歌中

22、发现新的美妙之处。4In a word, Jane Eyre is one of the works that all women in the world should read, and I definitely recommend it!总之， 简爱是一部全世界女性必读的作品之一，我强烈推荐它。5Jane Eyre is a masterpiece of the famous British writer Charlotte Bronte and one of the most classics in the British history of literature.简爱是英国著名作家

23、夏洛蒂 勃朗特的代表作，也是英国文学史上最著名的作品之一。题目要求请根据以下信息写一篇关于小说呼啸山庄的文学评论，向你校英语报投稿。Title 呼啸山庄( Wuthering Heights)Category 小说Author 艾米莉 勃朗特(Emily Bronte)Characters吉卜赛男孩希斯克利夫(Heathcliff)呼啸山庄主人老恩肖先生(Mr.Earnshaw)老恩肖先生的儿子辛德雷(Hindley)和女儿凯瑟琳(Catherine)Plot希斯克利夫被老恩肖先生收养并喜欢上了凯瑟琳老恩肖先生去世后，辛德雷侮辱希斯克利夫，因此他决定离开庄园希斯克利夫发迹后回来找辛德雷报复经历

24、了许多后希斯克利夫发现复仇毫无意义Theme这是一个关于爱情和复仇的故事，它告诫我们应保持人性的尊严并追寻心灵的自由注意：1.词数 100 左右；2可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。参考词汇：吉卜赛人 Gypsy 侮辱 insult 复仇 revenge尊严 dignity第一步：审题构思很关键一、审题1确定体裁：本文为文学评论。2确定人称：本文主要人称为第三人称。3确定时态：文学评论多使用一般现在时。二、构思第一段：小说基本情况介绍。第二段：小说故事梗概。第三段：小说评价及作用。第二步：核心词汇想周全1deal_with 谈到，涉及2pick_up 捡起3bring_up 抚养4insult

25、侮辱5revenge 复仇6fall _in_love_with 爱上7dignity 尊严8shame 羞耻第三步：由词扩句雏形现1 呼啸山庄是由艾米丽勃朗特写的受到高度评价的一本小说。(highly praised；简单句)Wuthering_Heights_is_a_highly_praised_novel_by_Emily_Bronte.2小说描述的是主人公吉卜赛男孩希斯克利夫的故事。(main character; who 定语从句)The_novel_deals_with_the_story_of_the_main_character_Heathcliff_who_is_a_Gyp

26、sy.3希斯克利夫与凯瑟琳彼此相爱，但他们纯真的爱情被辛德雷阻拦。(but 并列句)Heathcliff_and_Catherine_fall_in_love_with_each_other,_but_their_pure_love_is_stopped_by_Hindley.4他认为让一个吉卜赛人娶他的妹妹，是一件羞耻的事情。(consider that .)He_considers_that_it_is_a_shame_to_let_a_Gypsy_marry_his_sister.5由于不能忍受侮辱，希斯克利夫离开了呼啸山庄。(because 引导原因状语从句)Because_he_is

27、_unable_to_bear_the_insult，Heathcliff_leaves_Wuthering_Heights.6经历了许多后希斯克利夫意识到复仇毫无意义。(现在分词作状语； realize that)After_having_many_experiences,_Heathcliff_realizes_that_revenge_is_completely_meaningless.7它告诫我们应保持人性的尊严并追寻心灵的自由。(that 宾语从句； seek)It_shows_that_we_should_keep_our_dignity_and_seek_freedom_of_m

28、ind.第四步：句式升级造亮点1用 it 作形式宾语改写句 4He_considers_it_a_shame_to_let_a_Gypsy_marry_his_sister.2用形容词作状语改写句 5Unable_to_bear_the_insult，Heathcliff_leaves_Wuthering _Heights.第五步：过渡衔接联成篇Wuthering_Heights_is_a_highly_praised_novel_by_Emily_Bronte.The_novel_deals_with_the_story_of_the_main_character_Heathcliff_wh

29、o_is_a_Gypsy.He_is_picked_up_by_Mr.Earnshaw_on_his_travels_and_brought_up_together_with_Mr.Earnshaws_children.After_Mr.Earnshaw_dies,_his_son_Hindley_insults_the_Gypsy_boy.Heathcliff_and_Catherine_fall_in_love_with_each_other,_but_their_pure_love_is_stopped_by_Hindley,_because_he_considers_it_a_sham

30、e_to_let_a_Gypsy_marry_his_sister.Unable_to_bear_the_insult,_Heathcliff_leaves_Wuthering_Heights.Finally_he_becomes_wealthy_and_treats_Hindley_very_cruelly.After_having_many_experiences,_Heathcliff_realizes_that_revenge_is_completely_meaningless.Wuthering_Heights_is_a_classic_of_English_literature.It_shows_that_we_should_keep_our_dignity_and_seek_freedom_of_mind.