2019年译林版英语选修9全册讲义

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1、Even a child knows that nodding(点头) the head means “Yes”But some people will probably be puzzled when they first come to India.When they talk to an Indian，he often shakes his head.They might think that the Indian does not like what he said，but on the contraty he is expressing agreement.The Indians h

2、ave a habit of shaking their heads slightly when they talk to somebody.It doesnt mean “No”，but “Yes”If a person doesnt know this，it might cause misunderstanding.At one time a foreigner in India told his driver who was an Indian to take him to his office.The driver shook his head.The foreigner repeat

3、ed his request and the driver shook his head again.At last，the foreigner shouted angrily，“Drive me to my office at once！”The driver said in a low voice，“Yes ，sir，”smiling and shaking his head again at the same time.1Generally speaking，nodding the head means _，and shaking the head means _.AYes ，No BN

4、o，YesC Yes，Yes DNo，No答案 A2According to the habit of India，if someone agrees with you，he will _.Anod his headB shake his headC neither nods his head nor shakes his headDeither nod his head or shake his head答案 BPeriod One Welcome to the unit & Reading.Words：1countless adj.无数的，数不清的count vt.&vi.数数，计算cou

5、ntable adj.可数的2freezing adj.极冷的，冰冻的freeze vt.&vi.使结冰；使冻僵；结冰；冻死3recreation n娱乐，消遣recreate vt.&vi.消遣；使得到消遣4photographer n拍照者photograph vt.&vi.为拍照，拍照； n.照片5hunter n猎人hunt vt.&vi.打猎，猎取6historic adj.有历史意义的history n历史7traveller n旅客，游客travel n&v.旅行8westwards adv.向西west n西western adj.西方的9settlement n定居点，定居；

6、(问题的)解决settle vt.&vi.定居；解决settled adj.稳定的10rank vi.&vt.属于某个等级；排列rank n等级，地位.Phrases：1seek_ones _fortune 寻找发财机会2little _more_than 只是而已，仅仅3second_only_to 仅次于4be_abundant_in 富含5be_home_to 为的所在地6be_shaped _like 形状像7for_short 简称8be_fond_of 喜欢 .Fast Reading根据课文内容选择最佳答案1Which of the following is TRUE accor

7、ding to the text?ACanada is an evenly populated country.BNatural resources of Canada are well protected.CCanada is the largest country in the world.DCanada is a country with dull landscapes.答案 B2In which of the cities can you see most sharply contrasted buildings of the past and the present?AToronto

8、 BEdmontonCMontreal DVancouver答案 C3Toronto is most famous for _.Aits natural scenery and old cultureBits multiculture and the worlds third tallest towerCits largest number of French speakersDits nice location答案 B4If you want to enjoy as much modern nightlife as possible，_ is an ideal city to go to.A

9、Toronto BVancouverCEdmonton DMontreal答案 D5What can we infer from the passage?AThere was a war between the French and the British in Canada.BCanada is the original place of the American civilization.CThe border between America and Canada is not quite safe.DAll the people in Quebec speak French.答案 A.C

10、areful Reading根据课文内容完成下表，每空一词Wellknown Cities in CanadaNames FeaturesTorontothe largest city in Canadathe most _1_city in the worldwhere the third tallest _2_ of the world is locatedMontrealthe second largest city in Canadathe second largest Frenchspeaking citya wonderful _3_ of European and North A

11、merican _4_ and _5_Vancouvera multicultural citywith one of the largest _6_populations in North Americawith a beautiful _7_ with superb _8_with all the comforts of modern life and international _9_Edmonton with the largest _10_ shopping centers in the world答案 1.multicultural 2.tower 3.mix 4.architec

12、ture5culture 6.Chinese 7.harbor 8.scenery 9.cuisine10indoorKey Words1Within this huge country，there are frozen wastes，vast mountain ranges，huge open fields，countless rivers and endless forests.在这片广袤的国土上有冰封的荒原、巍峨的山脉、辽阔的土地、无数的河流以及无边无际的森林。归纳拓展countless /kantls/adj.数 不 清 的 ，无 数 的countable adj.可 数 的uncou

13、ntable adj.不 可 数 的count v.计 数 ，计 算 ；有 价 值 ，重 要count against被 认 为 对 不 利count down 倒 计 时count for 有 的 价 值 ，对 有 利count in 算 在 内 ；包 含count on 指 望 ；依 赖count.as 以 为 ，当 作 是语境感悟(1)They are_counting the books they collected.他们正在数收集来的书。(2)In sport what_really_counts is not the winning but the playing.就运动而言，重要

14、的不是赢，而是参与。(3)Ive warned him countless_times.我已警告他无数次了。即时跟踪(1)翻译句子新的疗法可拯救埃玛的生命以及无数其他人的生命。The_new_treatment_could_save_Emmas_life_and_the_lives_of_countless_others.(2)单项填空Surely it doesnt matter where you get your money from；what _ is what you do with it.(2013山东青岛模拟)Acounts BappliesCstresses Dfunction

15、s答案 A 句意：你从哪里得来的钱无关紧要，重要的是你怎么处理它。count重要，有价值。符合题意，故选 A。2There are many wild animals in the forests and on the freezing lands in the north在森林里和北方的冰封之地上有着许多野生动物。归纳拓展freezing adj.极冷的，冰冻的 adv.极冷地freezing adj. extremely coldfreezing point 冰 点freezing temperature 冻 结 温 度freezing cold 极 为 寒 冷freeze v.froze

16、，frozen 使 冻 死 ，使 结 冰 ；使 呆 住 ；感 到 极 冷 ；停 住 ；僵 住freeze up使 冻 结 ，使 冻 得 不 能 正 常 运 转freeze to death 冻 死 ，冷 死freeze sb out 不 让 某 人 参 加 ，把 某 人 排 除 在 外freeze over全 面 结 冰 ，封 冻语境感悟(1)The cold weather has_frozen_the_ground.寒冷的天气使地面冻硬了。(2)The clothes froze_solid on the washingline.衣服在晒衣绳上冻成了硬块。(3)His smile froz

17、e when seeing the stranger.见到那位陌生人时，他脸上笑容僵住了。即时跟踪(1)翻译句子别动，否则我们开枪了。Freeze，or_well_fire!门慢慢开了，他一时吓呆了。He_froze_with_terror_as_the_door_slowly_opened.(2)单项填空On the _ cold evening two men were _to death on the mountain.(2013青岛模拟)Afreeze；frozen Bfreezing ；frozenCfrozen ；frozen Dfreezing；freeze答案 B 句意：在那个

18、极冷的晚上两个人被冻死在山上。第一空：极冷的freezing cold；第二空：被冻死 frozen to death。故选 B。3Although only a handful of people became successful，many stayed and built settlements in the area，and there are now many museums showing what life was like back then.尽管只有少数人获得了成功，但许多人都留了下来并在当地建立定居点，如今有许多博物馆展示那时的生活情况。归纳拓展settlement n定居

19、，解决，处理settle vi.&vt.(某人)定居(于某处)，使(某人)定居(于某处)；居住，使居住；移民，使移民；决定，解决，处理settle down (使)平衡下来；(使)镇定settle down to 专心去做，专心做settle to do 决定做 settle in(某人)迁入(新居，新环境等)settle on 决定 ；选定settle up 付清账，结清账语境感悟(1)The strikers have_reached_a_settlement with the employers.罢工的人已和雇主达成协议。(2)After years of travel，we decid

20、ed to_settle_here.我们旅行多年后，决定在此定居。(3)Lets settle_the_date of the next meeting.我们来商定下次集会的日期吧。即时跟踪(1)翻译句子那个岛屿最初是荷兰人居住的。The_island_was_first_settled_by_Dutch_people.(2)单项填空Teaching in a kindergarten was a nightmare to meit would take a long time to _ at the beginning of the class.Asettle them down B put

21、 them downCturn them down Dbring them down答案 A 句意：对我而言去幼儿园教书简直就是一场噩梦在一节课之前要花好长时间才能使他们安静下来。settle down(使 )安静下来，平静下来，符合句意。B 项意为“记下，写下”；C 项意为“拒绝”；D 项“降低”，均不合题意。Key Phrases1Approximately one million people left their homes and travelled westwards to seek_their_fortune in the Gold Rush.在淘金热中大约有一百万人离开故土，前

22、往西部寻找发财的机会。归纳拓展seek ones fortune(s)意为 “寻找发财机会”fortune n.财 产 ，运 气 ，好 运fortunate adj.幸 运 的 ；fortunately adv.幸 运 地unfortunate adj.不 幸 的 ；unfortunately adv.不 幸 地try ones fortune 碰 运 气tell ones fortune 给 某 人 算 命make a fortune 发 财 ，赚 大 钱by good fortune 由 于 幸 运fortunate enough 足 够 幸 运be fortunate for sb 某

23、人 运 气 好语境感悟(1)Many Chinese people went to_seek_their_fortunes in California in the Gold Rush.许多中国人在“淘金热”期间去加利福尼亚寻找发财机会。(2)She told_me_my_fortune the other afternoon，and she said luck was coming.一天下午她给我算命，并说我要交好运。(3)He went to Australia and soon made_a_fortune.他到澳大利亚以后，不久就发财了。即时跟踪(1)翻译句子让家人吃味道好又健康的餐食

24、并不需要花很多钱。You_dont_have_to_spend_a_fortune_to_give_your_family_tasty，healthy_meals.(2)单项填空_，he made a _ in Shenzhen as a businessman.AFortunate ；fortuneBFortunately；fortunateCFortunately；fortuneDLuckily； fortunate答案 C 第一空是句子的状语，应用副词 Luckily 或者 Fortunately；第二空为名词，make a fortune 意为 “赚大钱”。In the early 2

25、0th century，some Chinese people went to America _ their fortunes.Ato seek Bto ask forClose Dto seek after答案 A 句意：20 世纪初，一些中国人去美国寻找发财机会。“seek ones fortune(s)”寻找发财机会。 2Back then it was little_more_than an army camp protecting travellers and merchants.在那时，它仅仅是一个用来保护游人和商人的军营。归纳拓展little more than 只是而已，仅仅

26、more than 多 过 ；不 止 more.than.与 其 说 毋 宁 说 not more than 不 超 过 ；顶 多 no more than 与 一 样 不 not more.than.没 有 那 样 语境感悟(1)More_than_one_person has made the suggestion.不止一个人提过这个建议。(2)He is no_more a good player than I am.他和我一样都不是好球员。(3)He earns not_more_than 2,000 dollars a month.他每月所赚不超过 2 000 美元。即时跟踪翻译句子

27、(1)他所受的全部学校教育加起来只有 3 年。His_whole_school_education_added_up_to_little_more_than_three_years.(2)她早餐仅吃了一片吐司。She_ate_little_more_than_a_slice_of_toast_for_breakfast.Key Structures1On_the _east_and_west_are_the_shores of two great oceansthe Atlantic and the Pacific.在东部和西部边界，加拿大濒临两大洋，即大西洋和太平洋。归纳拓展(1)本句为完全

28、倒装句，其结构为“表方位的介词短语be主语”。(2)如果句中谓语动词是不及物动词(或 be 动词)时，若将表方位、位移等的副词或表方位的介词短语(在句中做状语或表语)置于句首，则句子需要倒装。如果主语是名词，应采用完全倒装形式，即“副词(或地点状语)谓语动词主语”；如果主语是代词，不倒装，即“副词主语谓语动词”。(3)常见表方位、位移的副词有：here， there， now，then ，out，in，up，down，off ，away(其中here， there， then 并不是表地点，而是用以引起对方注意)。(4)此类句式中，谓语动词通常是 be 动词或come，go，run，rush，

29、fly，follow，fall 等表示位移的不及物动词，且为一般时态(不用进行时、完成时等)。语境感悟(1)Before_him_lay miles of undulating moorland.他面前是一片高低起伏的荒原。(2)On_the_table_stood two glasses and an empty brandy bottle.桌上有两个玻璃杯和一只白兰地空酒瓶。(3)From_the_distance_came occasional shots.从远处传来了零星的枪声。即时跟踪(1)翻译句子赛跑的人出发了。(主语是名词，完全倒装)Away_went the runners.他

30、离开了。(主语是代词，部分倒装)Away_he went.(2)单项填空At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River _，one of the largest cities in China.Alies ChongqingBChongqing liesCdoes lie ChongqingDdoes Chongqing lie答案 A 句意为：“重庆位于长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，是中国的大城市之一。”从句子结构看，句中谓语(lie)是不及物动词，而地点状语(介词短语 at.River)提到了句首，由此可知，该句采用了“地点状

31、语谓语(不及物动词)主语”型的完全倒装句型，因此“空”处应选用完全倒装语序的“lies Chongqing”，即答案为 A。2Montreal ，a port in the province of Quebec，is the second largest city in Canada，and also the second largest Frenchspeaking city in the world，Paris_being_the_largest.魁北克省内的港口城市蒙特利尔是加拿大第二大城市，也是世界上仅次于巴黎的第二大法语城市。归纳拓展(1)本句是一个简单句，主干部分是 Montrea

32、l.is.Paris being the largest 为独立主格结构。(2)独立主格结构的基本构成及功能独立主格结构主要起状语作用，相当于一个状语从句，多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况，有时也可用来表示时间、原因、条件等情况。名词或代词主格分词The experiment done，the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.实验做完了，同学们继续在实验报告上做记录。Time permitting，we can have a walk around the playground after supper.如果时间允

33、许，晚饭后我们可以到操场上散散步。名词或代词主格形容词The clothes very dirty，youd better wash them quickly.衣服很脏，你最好快点儿洗洗吧！名词或代词主格不定式The last guest to arrive，our party started.最后一位客人到了，我们的晚会就开始了。名词或代词主格介词短语Our English teacher came into the classroom，papers in hand.我们的英语老师走进了教室，手里拿着试卷。There is a river in the valley，fresh flower

34、s on the banks.山谷中有一条河，河两岸长满了鲜花。名词或代词主格副词The meeting over，our headmaster soon left the meeting room.散会了，我们的校长很快就离开了会议室。(3)独立主格结构及分词短语作状语的区别独立主格结构与分词短语都可以转换为状语从句。但是，独立主格结构转换为状语从句后，它有自己的逻辑主语，与主句的主语不一致(例 a)。而分词短语转换为状语从句后，从句的主语与主句的主语一致(例 b)。aIf time permits，wed better have a holiday at weekends.转换为：Time

35、 permitting，wed better have a holiday at weekends.如果时间允许，我们最好周末去度假。bWhen we see from the hilltop，we can find the city more beautiful.转换为：Seeing from the hilltop，we can find the city more beautiful.从山顶上看，我们发现这个城市更美了。(4)独立主格结构与独立成分的区别有些分词短语可以独立存在，在句子中没有逻辑上的主语，已经变成了习惯用法。这些短语有：generally speaking 总的说来； f

36、rankly speaking 坦率地说；judging from 从判断；supposing 假设等。Generally speaking，the rule is very easy to understand.总的说来，这条规则很容易懂。有些固定短语是带 to 的不定式，表明说话人的立场或态度，在句中作独立成分。这些短语有：to be honest 老实说；to be sure 确实；to tell you the truth 说实话；to cut a long story short 长话短说；to be frank 坦率地说；to make matters/things worse 更

37、糟糕的是等。语境感悟(1)Computers_very_small，we can use them widely.电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。(2)The_lights_off，we could not go on with the work.灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。(3)Judging_from what he said，he must be an honest man.由他所说的来判断，他一定是一个诚实的人。即时跟踪(1)翻译句子由于生病，我没上学。Being_ill，I_didnt _go_to_school.由于妈妈生病，我没上学。Mother_being_ill，I_did

38、nt_go_to_school.(2)单项填空The party will be held in the garden，weather_.Apermitting Bto permitCpermitted Dpermit答案 A permit 与 weather 之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故应用现在分词形式。weather permitting 为独立主格结构，在句中充当状语，表示条件。3The waterfalls，the _largest_of_which_is_shaped_like_a_semicircle，are 670 metres wide，and fall 56 metres in

39、 an awesome white sheet of water.尼亚加拉瀑布群总宽达 670 米，令人惊叹的白色水幕飞流直下 56 米，其中最大的瀑布呈半圆形。归纳拓展(1)本句为主从复合句，主句是 The waterfalls.are.，and fall.，其中 the largest of which is.是非限制性定语从句。(2)非限制性定语从句中的引导词 whom 或 which 常可和 of 连用，其结构是“数量(或某部分 )of which/whom. ”，表示从句中提到的数量是先行词的一部分，是以整体中的某一部分为例，对整体(非限制性定语从句所修饰的名词)加以补充说明。其结构

40、形式如下：数量(或某部分) ofwhich，指代事物。He has got lots of emails，some of which came from the US.他收到许多电子邮件，其中一些来自美国。数量(或某部分) ofwhom，指代人。She had eight children，three of whom lived to grow up.她生了八个孩子，其中三个长大成人了。语境感悟(1)China has two large islands，the_bigger _one_of_which is Taiwan.中国有两大岛，其中较大的是台湾。(2)The buses，most _

41、of_which were already full，were surrounded by an angry crowd.公共汽车大部分都已满载，周围围着一大群愤怒的人。(3)I met the fruitpickers， several_of_whom were college students.我碰到了那些摘水果的人，其中有几个是大学生。即时跟踪(1)翻译句子中国大约有 13 亿人口，其中 70%是农民。China_has_about_1.3_billion_people,70%_of_whom_are_farmers.(2)单项填空There are two buildings，_sta

42、nds nearly a hundred feet high.Athe largerBthe larger of themCthe larger one thatDthe larger of which答案 D 题意为“那儿有两座大厦，较大的那座将近 100 英尺高。”从语境及句子结构来看，句子前后两部分是主从复合关系，即句子后半部分是非限制性定语从句；the larger 是 two buildings 的“一部分”，且句子的后半部分是对two buildings(“整体”)作补充说明，因此“空”处应选用“the larger of which”引导非限制性定语从句，即答案为 D。温馨提示

43、完成课时精练(1) Period Two Word Power & Grammar and Usage.Words：1oral adj .口头的；口腔的， n口试orally adv.口头地2merry adj.欢乐的，愉快的merrily adv.愉快地3teamwork n团队合作team n团队4discover vt.发现discovery n发现5practice v&n.实践，练习practical adj.实践的，实用的6survive vt.&vi.幸存survival n存活7inform vt.通知information n信息8explain vt.解释explanati

44、on n解释.Phrases：1be_known _for 因 而闻名2be_different _from 和不同3do_some_research 做调查4take_pictures 拍照Grammar语法精析：定语从句一、关系词引导定语从句的关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词代替先行词并在定语从句中充当成分。当先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，用关系代词(who， whom，that ，which，whose)；当先行词在从句中作状语时，用关系副词(where，when，why) 。(1)that、which 代替的先行词是表示物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等；which 还

45、可以引导非限制性定语从句，代替主句的内容，that 则不能。Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others，which，of course，made the others envy him.海伦对最小的儿子比对其他的儿子好得多，这一点当然让他们很嫉妒。(2)who，whom ，that 代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语或宾语。Women who drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart d

46、isease than those who dont.(who 在从句中作主语)每天喝两杯多咖啡的妇女患有心脏病的机会比不喝咖啡的妇女高。He is the man whom/that I am waiting for.他就是我正在等待的那个人。(whom/that 在从句中作宾语)(3)关系副词 when，where，why 的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。注意：先行词是时间或地点名词时，如果在从句中不作状语，则不能用 w

47、hen或 where 引导定语从句，而要用 which/that。I still remember the day which/that we spent together in the city.我仍然记得我们一起在那座城市度过的那一天。(这里 which/that 指代 the day，作 spent 的宾语)。二、whose 和 of whom，of which 引导的定语从句whose 是一个表示所属关系的词，在定语从句中作定语，相当于一个物主代词，其后的名词不带冠词。of which 含义与 whose 相似，名词前有冠词，词序一般是：the 名词 of which 或 of whi

48、chthe 名词。of whom 可以代替 whose 指人，词序是：the名词of whom。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country.这就是那位全国知名的科学家。The classroom，whose door is broken ，will soon be repaired.The classroom，the door of which is broken，will soon be repair