2019年高考真题+高考模拟题专项版解析汇编 英语——专题02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气 （解析版）

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1、第 1 页（共 8 页）2019 年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编专题 02 动词的时态和语态及情态动词、虚拟语气一、2019 年高考真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】 22.The musician along with his band members _ ten performances in the last three months.A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give【答案】B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three months”可知

2、，这句话的时态为现在完成时，故排除 AD 选项。本句主语为 the musician，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故选 B。2.【2019江苏卷单项填空】29.A few months after he had arrived in China, Mr. Smith _ in love with the people and culture there.A. would fall B. had fallen C. has fallen D. fell【答案 D【解析】考查动词的时态。句意：他到中

3、国几个月后，就喜欢上了那里的人和文化。发生在 had arrived 之后的动作或状态应用一般过去时。故选 D。3.【2019江苏卷单项填空】31.What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _a good time together.A. had B. will have C. would have had D. had had【答案】C【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：真遗憾！你错过了这次观光，否则，我们本应该在一起度过一段愉快时光的。根据上文，可知是对过去事情的虚拟，与过去事实相反的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：

4、主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选 C。4.【2019江苏卷单项填空】33.They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals_ by 2022 for the Beijing Winer Olympics.A. will install B. will have been installed C. are installed D. have been installed第 2 页（共 8 页）【答案】B【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：他们正努力确保在 2022 年北京冬奥会之前安装 5G 终端。表示在将

5、来某一时间以前已经完成或一直持续的动作，用将来完成时。 “5G 终端”和“安装”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，故选 B。5.【2019天津卷单项填空】2.I _ to send Peter a gift to congratulate him on his marriage，but I couldnt manage it.A. had hoped B. am hopingC. have hoped D. would hope【答案】A【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我本来计划在 Peter 结婚时送他一个礼物的，可是我没有做到。第二个分句中“couldnt ”用的是一般过去时，它之前的动作用过去完

6、成时。故选 A。6.【2019天津卷单项填空】8.Amy, as well as her brothers, _ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.A. is given B. are givenC. was given D. were given【答案】C【解析】本题考查时态和语态。句意：艾米和他的兄弟们当上周回到村里时，受到了热烈的欢迎。根据 last week 可知应用过去时，排除选项 A 和 B。as well as 连接并列主语，谓语动词就前原则。这句话真正的主语是 Amy，她受到热烈欢迎，所以用过去时的被动

7、。故选C。7.【2019天津卷单项填空】14.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they _ the task in half the time.A. accomplished B. had accomplishedC. would accomplish D. would have accomplished【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：工人们没有被更好的组织起来，否则他们用一半的时间就能完成任务。根据上句 the workers were not better organized 可知，这是对过去事情的虚拟。与过去事实相反

8、的假设。其句子结构为：从句：If+主语+过去完成时+其他，主句：主语+should(would, could, might)+现在完成时+其他，故选 D。第 3 页（共 8 页）9.【2019新课标 I 卷语法填空 】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】are【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据 three are declining，此处数词

9、 six 作主语，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填 are。10.【2019新课标 II 卷语法填空】Picking up her“Lifetime Achievement ”award，proud Irene _64_(declare) she had no plans _to retire_ (retire) from her 36-year-old business.【答案】B【解析】考查谓语动词的时态。根据上下文可知，该句主语为 Irene，此处为谓语成分，根据后文 had 以及 said 可知用一般过去时态，故填 de

10、clared。11.【 2019新课标 II 卷语法填空 】I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _66_(make) over the years【答案】are【解析】考查动词的时态。根据该定语从句中的时间状语“over the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态，句意：我喜欢到这里来看看我的家人和我这些年来交到的朋友们。故填have made。12.【2019新课标 II 卷短文改错】And the other is that

11、 I wanted to help people in need.【答案】And the other iswathat I wanted to help people in need.【解析】考查一般过去时。本篇文章使用的全是一般过去时，且与最后一句并列的“one was that”用的也是一般过去时，所以最后一句话时态应为一般过去时。讲述当时做决定时的原因。故将 is 改为 was。13.【2019新课标 III 卷语法填空 】Our hosts shared many of their experiences and_65_(recommend)wonderful places to ea

12、t，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜 )and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.【答案】recommended。【解析】考查一般过去时。句意：我们的主人跟我们分享了很多他们的经历并推荐了一些很好的吃饭、购物和参观的地方。 “and”前后两个动作“shared”与“recommended”是并列关系，时态一致。故填 recommended。13.【2019新课标 III 卷语法填空 】On the last day of our week-long s

13、tay，we 第 4 页（共 8 页）_69_(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars【答案】were invited 。【解析】考查动词的时态和语态。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子时态为一般过去时。根据句意：我们被邀请去参加一场私人音乐会，所以用被动语态。主语为we，故填 were invited。二、2019 届模拟题1.【江苏省盐城中学 2019 届高三年级质量检测】 If she _ ge

14、nerous as she makes out, she would have donated more money in the catastrophe.A. had been B. wereC. would be D. was【答案】B【解析】考查虚拟语气。从句首的 if（如果）与主句的 would have done（早就做）可判断本题考查虚拟语气，并且根据主句时态可以判断是与现在事实相反的假设，所以 if 从句用一般过去式，be 动词要用 were。虚拟语气中，be 动词的一般过去时只能用 were 不能用was，故选 B。【点睛】If 条件状语从句的虚拟语气：1.表示与现在事实相反的

15、情况从句：If+主语+动词一般过去时(Be 动词用 were)；主句：主语 + should/would/might/could+do.如 If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。 （事实：我不可能是你）2.表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+had+done；主句：主语 +should/would/might/could+have done.如 If I had got there earlier，I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她。 （事实：去晚了）3.表示与将来事实相反从

16、句：if+主语+were to doif+主语+should+doif+主语+动词一般过去式（be 动词用第 5 页（共 8 页）were） ；主句:主语+should/would/might/could+do.如 If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性很小，不可能）温馨提示：if 引导的虚拟语气，如果 if 省略，则将助动词 had、情态动词 should 或 be 动词 were 提到主语的前面。2.【江苏省盐城中学 2019 届高三年级质量检测】When they f

17、irst came to the city, my parents often went to neighbors for a talk, just as they _ in the countryside.A. will do B. had doneC. have done D. were doing【答案】B【解析】考查过去完成时。句意：我父母刚来城市的时候，经常去邻居家聊天，就像他们在乡下经常做的那样。这是一个 when 引导的时间状语从句加 just as 引导的方式状语从句。方式状语从句的主句使用的时态是一般过去式（went to neighbors for a talk） ，从句发

18、生的动作在主句动作之前，所以使用过去完成时。故选 B。3.【江苏省盐城中学 2019 届高三年级质量检测】he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _ be above it.A. shall B. mustC. may D. need【答案】A【解析】考查情态动词。句意：法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。A. shall 用于第二、第三人称，则含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁的语气。B. must（必须，一定）用于肯定句。C. may（可以，能够）表允许时一般不与第三人称连用。D. need (表示没有必要或询问是否有必要) 需要；故选 A

19、。4.【天津市南开中学 2019 届高三年级校模拟考试】I spend two weeks in Beijing last year.Then you must have visited the Great Wall during your stay, _ you?A. mustnt B. didntC. havent D. hadnt【答案】B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：去年我在北京呆了两周。那么你在逗留期间一定第 6 页（共 8 页）参观过长城，是吗?题中 last summer 表示的是一个确定的过去时间，可认定 must have visited 是对“过去 ”的推断，用一般过去时反问

20、。此处是反意疑问句，前半句肯定，后半句应该用否定形式，故选 B。5.【天津市南开中学 2019 届高三年级校模拟考试】She _ to someone on the phone, so I just nodded to her and went away.A. talked B. has talkedC. had talked D. was talking【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：她正在和别人通电话，所以我只是向她点点头就走了。此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，所以用过去进行时态，故选 D。6.【天津市南开中学 2019 届高三年级校模拟考试】The bus would not ha

21、ve run into the river _ for the bad tempered lady.A. if it were not B. had it not beenC. if it would not be D. should it not be【答案】B【解析】考查 if 从句的虚拟语气。句意：要不是那位坏脾气的女士，公共汽车是不会掉进河里的。此处是 if 引导的虚拟语气，与过去的事实相反，从句用过去完成时态，从句中有had 则 if 省略，把助动词 had 提到主语前面，故选 B。7.【江苏省南京市 2019 届高三模拟】 Excuse me, do you mind if I o

22、pen the window? Well, if you _. I can put on more clothes.A. can B. mayC. must D. shall【答案】C【解析】考查情态动词。句意：-不好意思，我把窗户打开你介意吗?- 好吧，如果你必须这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服。A. can 能够；B. may 可能；C. must 一定；必须；D. shall会；将。must 表示偏要，必须要做的事情，故选 C。8.【江苏省南京市 2019 届高三模拟】 How could they misunderstand me like that?Just keep silent! I

23、ts the best way to let them know they you wrong.A. do B. didC. are doing D. had done第 7 页（共 8 页）【答案】B【解析】考查动词时态。句意：-他们怎么能那样误解我呢?- 保持沉默! 这是让他们知道他们做错了你的最好方式。根据 how could 可知这件事情发生在过去，所以用 did you wrong来表示过去他们错怪了你。故选 B。9.【天津市十二所重点中学 2019 届高三毕业班联考】The students have decided on a final date by which everyon

24、e reading the books assigned by their professor.A. finishes B. finishedC. have finished D. will have finished【答案】D【解析】考查时态。句意：学生们决定了最后的日期，到那时每个人都将读完教授布置的书。根据“a final date by which”可知此处表示将来已经完成的动作，应该用将来完成时，故 D 项正确。10.【天津市十二所重点中学 2019 届高三毕业班联考】You didnt let me drive. If we _ by turns, you _ so tired.A

25、. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：你当时不让我开车，如果我们轮流开车的话，你就不会这么累了。根据“You didnt let me drive.”判断此处表示与过去事实相反的假设，从句要用过去完成时，主句用 wouldnt have done 结构，故 D 项正确。【点睛】注意：表示与将来事实相反的假设时，从句谓语形式为动词过去式（be 用 were）/should+动词原形 /were to+动词原形，主句谓语形式为 would/should/could+动词原形；表示与现在事实相反的假设时，从句谓语形式为动词过去式（be 用 were） ，主句谓语形式为would/should/could+动词原形；表示与过去事实相反的假设时，从句谓语形式为 had+过去分词，主句谓语形式为 would/should/could have+过去分词。第 8 页（共 8 页）