2019年高考真题+高考模拟题专项版解析汇编 英语——专题01 词类、短语辨析 (解析版)
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1、第 1 页(共 9 页)2019 年高考英语真题和模拟题分项汇编专题 01 词类(名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词和介词) 、短语辨析一、2019 年高考真题1.【2019江苏卷单项填空】26.Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。句意:当今,旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority 优先;优先权; B. potential 潜在的
2、,可能的; C. proportion 比例,占比;D. pension 退休金,抚恤金。故选 A。2.【2019江苏卷单项填空】27.Favorable policies are _ to encourage employees professional development.A. in effect B. in command C. in turn D. in shape【答案】A【解析】考查介词短语。句意:好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。A. in effect 实际上;B. in command 指挥;C. in turn 轮流,依次; D. in shape 在外形
3、上,处于良好的状态。故选 A。3.【2019江苏卷单项填空】28.Unlike traditional gyms, app-backed gyms offer people _ options to exercise.A. casual B. regular C. flexible D. tight【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意:不像传统的体育锻炼,有 app 软件的体育锻炼提供了灵活的锻炼选项。A. casual 偶然的,随便的; B. regular 定期的,有规律的;C. flexible 灵活的;D. tight 紧的,密封的。故选 C。4.【2019 江苏卷单项填空】34.A
4、 city is the product of the human hand and mind, _ mans intelligence and creativity.A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring第 2 页(共 9 页)【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意:城市是人类的双手和思想的产物,反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling 像;reflecting 反映;reviewing 回顾;restoring 恢复,根据题意,故选 B。5.【2019天津卷单项填空】3.A study shows the student
5、s who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _who are not.A. ones B. thoseC. these D. them【答案】B【解析】考查代词。句意:一项研究表明,参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更开心。空格处代词与 the students 是对应关系,可以用 the ones 或者 those 替代。 “them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词,不能与 the students 形成对应关系。 “these”一般不用定语从句修饰。故选 B。6.【2019天津卷单项填空】7.We can o
6、bserve that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.A. statement B. impactC. impression D. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意:我们能够看到人工智能在许多方面已经对我们的生活产生了强烈的影响。 statement“陈述说明” ; impact“强烈的影响,冲击力” ; impression“印象,感想” ; judgement“判断力判断” 。故选 B。7.【2019天津卷单项填空】9.Kate heard a man
7、s voice in the background, but she couldnt _ what he was saying.A. set aside B. take backC. make out D. keep off【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意: 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音,但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储,留出” ; take back“收回,拿回” ;make out“辨认出,理解,了解” ; keep off“(使)避开” 。故选 C。8.【2019新课标 I 卷语法填空 】It is difficult to figure out a global
8、 population of polar bears as much of the range has been _62_ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there 第 3 页(共 9 页)are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.【答案】poorly【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知,此处用副词 poorly 修饰谓语动词 has been studied,意为“研究很少 ”。故填 poorly。9.【2019 新课标 I 卷语法填空】Modem methods
9、 _63_ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform (perform) consistently over a large area.【答案】of/for【解析】考查介词用法。此处 tracking polar bear populations 作 Modern methods 的定语,用 of 连接, “methods of doing sth.”,意为“的方法” ,构成固定结构。或者意为“对于跟踪北极熊的方法”用 for
10、。故填 of/for。9.【2019 新课标 I 卷语法填空】Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are _68_ (high) than they actually are.【答案】of/for【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后 than they actually are 可知,此处为形容词的比较级,故填 higher
11、。10.【2019新课标 I 卷语法填空 】Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six are (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠词。此处为特指,意为“在已知的 19 个北极熊亚种群中”,故填 the。11【 2019新课标 I 卷短文改错】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】
12、 Suddenly a football fell just in front of me butand almost hit me.【解析】考查冠词。名词 football 为可数名词,前边需要有限定词。这里 football 第一次出现,故在 football 前加 a;考查连词。句意:突然一个足球落在我前边并且差点打到我。 “足球落下来”与“ 打到我 ”两个动作是顺承关系,不是转折关系。故将 but 改为 and。12.【2019新课标 II 卷语法填空】Her years of hard work have _63_(final)been 第 4 页(共 9 页)acknowledge
13、d after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshires Woman Of The Year.【答案】finally【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知,此处应用副词形式作状语,修饰谓语动词 have been acknowledged,意为“最终得以认可” ,故填 finally。13.【2019新课标 II 卷语法填空】I dont see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I have made_
14、(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, _67_ because I want to.”【答案】but【解析】考查并列连词。根据句意逻辑可知,此处为转折关系,句意:我工作不是因为我不得不做,而是因为我想做。此处用 but 与前文 not 呼应,构成“不是而是 ”之意,故填 but。14.【 2019新课标 II 卷短文改错 】Since I was a kid, Ive considered different job I would like to do. First, I wanted to be a fireman, wh
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