三年高考（2017-2019）英语真题分项版解析——专题15 阅读理解社会生活、议论类（原卷版）

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1、三年（2017-2019）高考真题英语分项汇编专题 15 阅读理解社会生活、议论类一、2019 年高考真题1. 【2019全国卷 II，C】Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beachs Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtels “me” time. And like more Americans, shes no

2、t alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent)have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent)have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore，74 percent ，according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and

3、 be out. Alone，but together，you know？”Bechtel said，looking up from her book. Bechtel，who works in downtown West Palm Beach，has lunch with coworkers sometimes，but like many of us，too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder.

4、She returns to work feeling energized. “Today， I just wanted some time to myself， ”she said.Just two seats over，Andrew Mazoleny，a local videographer，is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom hes on a first-name basis i

5、f he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my days gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “Its a chance for self-reflection, You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when peopl

6、e may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now，we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesnt feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit， whose company provided the statistics for the report.28.

7、What are the statistics in paragraph 2 about?A. Food variety. B. Eating habits.C. Table manners. D. Restaurant service.29. Why does Bechtel prefer to go out for lunch?A. To meet with her coworkers.B. To catch up with her work.C. To have some time on her own.D. To collect data for her report.30. What

8、 do we know about Mazoleny?A. He makes videos for the bar.B. Hes fond of the food at the bar.C. He interviews customers at the bar.D. Hes familiar with the barkeeper.31. What is the text mainly about?A. The trend of having meals alone.B. The importance of self-reflection.C. The stress from working o

9、vertime.D. The advantage of wireless technology.2. 【2019全国卷 III，B】For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.“Its no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers,“ says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E

10、Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese

11、 aesthetics(美学 )on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.“China is impossible to overlook,“ says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion cam

12、paigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion they are central to its movement. “Of course, only are todays top Western designers being influenced by China-some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“ V

13、era Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales,“ adds Hil.For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so

14、are the consumers,“ she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China-its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in m

15、any ways.“24. What can we learn about the exhibition in New York?A. It promoted the sales of artworks.B. It attracted a large number of visitors.C. It showed ancient Chinese clothes.D. It aimed to introduce Chinese models.25. What does Hill say about Chinese women?A. They are setting the fashion. B.

16、 They start many fashion campaigns.C. They admire super models. D. They do business all over the world.26. What do the underlined words “taking on“ in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning from B. looking down onC. working with D. competing against27. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Young Models

17、 Selling Dreams to the WorldB. A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New YorkC. Differences Between Eastern and Western AestheticsD. Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends3. 【2019天津卷，D】Would you BET on the future of this man？He is 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing strug

18、gle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning，and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives，he determines to write a book.The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cerva

19、ntes，and the book was Don Quixote（堂吉诃德 ）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days，while others go to seed long before？Weve all known people who run out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark. Im not talking

20、about those who fail to get to the top. We cant all get there. Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.Most of us，in fact，progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succe

21、ed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But，if we are willing to lean，the opportunities are everywhere.The things we learn in maturity seldom involve information and skills. We learn to bear with the things we cant change. W

22、e learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please，some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing.With high motivation and enthusiasm，we can keep on learning. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. How

23、ever，we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我） ，whether to loved ones，to fellow humans，to work，or to some moral concept.Many of us equate（视等同于） “commitment” with such “caring” occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary

24、job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck，or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. Theyve learned lifes most valuable lesson.51. The passage starts with the story of

25、Cervantes to show that_.A. loss of freedom stimulates ones creativityB. age is not a barrier to achieving ones goalC. misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD. disability cannot stop a mans pursuit of success52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？A. End ones struggle

26、for liberty.B. Waste ones energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.53. What could be inferred from Paragraph 4？A. Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.B. Those who tend to think back can hardly go ahead.C. Opportunity favors those

27、 with a curious mind.D. Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.54. What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5？A. A tough man can tolerate suffering.B. A wise man can live without self-pity.C. A man should try to satisfy people around him.D. A man should learn suitable ways to deal

28、with life.55. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage？A. To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B. To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.C. To state the importance of generating motivation for learning.D. To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our

29、lifelong career.6. 【2019江苏卷，C】Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine? Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes?It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of peoples opinions.

30、 However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday“ that they should tr

31、y to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society“ has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业) with negative consequences for their economies.Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to

32、worry about the “digital divide“ between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most.

33、 Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved peoples lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying

34、 that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent

35、 changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world“. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going

36、against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly des

37、igning economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.61.

38、 Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to _.A. a lack of confidence in technologyB. a slow progress in technologyC. a conflict of public opinionsD. a waste of limited resources62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should _.A. take peoples essential needs into acco

39、untB. make their programmes attractive to peopleC. ensure that each child gets financial supportD. provide more affordable internet facilities63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations?A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances.B. Believing that the world has become b

40、orderless.C. Ignoring the power of economic development.D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication.64. What can we learn from the passage?A. People should be encouraged to make more donations.B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays.C. Making right career choices is cruc

41、ial to personal success.D. Economic policies should follow technological trends.二、2018 年高考真题1.【2018全国 I，C】Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, t

42、ightly knit (联系)groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling do

43、wn to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all

44、have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,

45、often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number (中位数 )of spe

46、akers is a mere 6,000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers),Chiapaneco i

47、n Mexico(150), Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three)or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.28. What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times? A. They developed very fast. B. They were large in number.C. They had

48、 similar patterns. D. They were closely connected.29. Which of the following best explains “dominant “ underlined in paragraph 2？A. Complex. B. Advanced.C. Powerful. D. Modern.30. How many languages are spoken by less than 6, 000 people at present? A. About 6,800 B. About 3,400C. About 2,400 D. Abou

49、t 1,20031. What is the main idea of the text? A. New languages will be created.B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages.C. Human development results in fewer languages.D. Geography determines language evolution.2.【2018全国卷 II，B】Many of us love July because its the month when natures berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels form British Columbias fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vi