19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16.4 阅读理解（议论文）（第01期）（解析版）

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1、2019年中考真题英语分项汇编（一）【2019 重庆市中考A卷】Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can you keep away from a fight? Heres something you can do.Be calm(冷静). Sometimes, you feel so angry that you really want to teach somebody a lesson. But being angry cant solve problems. Neither can a fight. Instead, it may b

2、ring you more problems. In the school, everyone involved(卷入) in a fight will be punished, no matter who started it. There are winners in a fight.Shout loudly. If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say stop be

3、fore walking away. Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. If the person doesnt stop, cry for help by calling out the name of a teacher whose office is nearby._ Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. If you really want

4、 to give him a hand, try to ask him to give it up. Also, you can tell him if he gets involved in a fight, he may get hurt and be punished. Then, try to learn why he wants a fight and help him find a right way to deal with the problem.1. The underlined word attack in Paragraph 3 means _ in Chinese.A.

5、 拥抱B. 攻击C. 阻止D. 吸引2. Which of the following sentences can be put in the _?A. Face bravely.B. Join in a fight.C. Learn to refuse.D. Talk to someone.3. The passage is written to _.A. help students keep away from fightsB. warn students not to fightC. advise students to help each otherD. encourage stude

6、nts to work hard4. The passage is written in a/an _ tone(语气).A. sadB. angryC. seriousD. crazy【文章大意】本文介绍了学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？本文提供了几个方法。首先要冷静。其次，当有人在身后攻击你时，要大声喊。最后当别人喊你参与打架时，你要学会拒绝并劝说不要打架。1. B【解析】词义猜测题。根据句子Loud voice can usually make the attacker calm down. 大的声音通常能使攻击者平静下来。attacker是名词攻击者的意思。去掉-er就是动词

7、攻击。句子If you know someone is coming up behind you to attack, turn toward the person with your hands up in front of your body and loudly say stop before walking away. 中的attack是动词；该句的语境是：如果你知道有人在你身后攻击你，那么在你离开之前，把手举到你身体前面，朝着那个人大声说停。因此单词attack，是攻击的意思。故选B。2. C【解析】细节理解题。A. Face bravely. 勇敢地面对。B. Join in a

8、fight. 参加打架。C. Learn to refuse. 学着拒绝。D. Talk to someone. 和某人交谈。根据Your friend may ask you to join in a fight. Learn to say no. Helping him fight is not really helpful to him. 你的朋友可能会要求你参加一场打架。你要学会说不。帮助他打架可能对他没有真正的帮助。可知本段是介绍了要学会拒绝打架。故选C。3. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据Fights at school sometimes happen. But how can yo

9、u keep away from a fight? Heres something you can do. 学校里有时会发生打架。但你怎么能不打架呢？这是你能做的。可知，本文主要介绍了如何帮助学生远离打架。故选A。4. C【解析】推理判断题。A. sad悲哀的；B. angry生气的；C. serious严肃的；D. crazy疯狂的。根据Be calm(冷静). 、Shout loudly.和Learn to refuse.可知，本文介绍了如何在学校里避免打架。因此语气应该是严肃的。故选C。【点睛】词义猜测题是阅读理解中常见的一种题型，所猜测词汇可以是生词，也可以是熟词新义，还可以是人称代词

10、的指代内容。词义猜测题主要考查考生根据上下文推测词义和语义的能力，突出考查对语境的分析和把握能力。常见的猜词法有：(1)利用上下文语境。猜测任何词义都离不开上下文，所以要借助上下文对需要猜测的词或短语进行合乎逻辑的推测。 (2)利用定义或解释性的线索。阅读文章中的有些生词往往在其后会有对该词进行解释说明的短语或句子，利用它们猜词义较容易 (3)利用文章的逻辑关系答题。如并列、对比、因果、转折关系等。这些逻辑关系往往通过一些相应的词或短语表达出来，如but, or, however, so, because等。(4)利用构词法知识答题。熟记一些前缀、后缀所表达的意思，不仅可以扩大词汇量，而且帮助

11、我们猜测词义。第1小题的词义猜测题就是利用第1种解题方法。（二）【2019 浙江省金华、义乌、丽水市】In the park, you see a group of people, all looking up at the sky. Without thinking about it, you look upwards, too. Why? In the concert, someone begins to clap and suddenly the whole room joins in. You do, too. Why?Sometimes we feel we are acting c

12、orrectly when we do the same as others. The more people follow an idea, the better or truer we think the idea is. Its the social proof(社会认同感) that works.The scientist Asch carried out an experiment. It shows how social proof can influence us. In a room, a man is shown Line 1, and next to it are thre

13、e lines(A, B, C). A is longer, C is shorter and B is as long as Line 1. He must tell which of the three lines is as long as Line 1. When the man is alone, he gives the correct answer B. Then, five other man enter the room, and each of them gives the answer C as they were told to. Now the man changes

14、 his idea and gives the answer C. Asch got the same result many times among different subjects(实验对象).Why do we act like this? Well, in the past, following others was a way to keep away from danger. Suppose that 5000 years ago you were hunting(打猎) with friends. Suddenly, they all ran away. What would

15、 you have done? Would you have stayed? No, you would have run, too. We are descendants(后代) of those who copied others action. It is so deeply planted in our mind that we still use it now.Social proof has special power. The advertising industry, for example, often makes use of it. So be careful whene

16、ver a company says its product is the most popular.5. At the beginning of the passage, the writer leads in the topic by _.A. telling a storyB. giving examplesC. answering questionsD. showing a map6. According to Paragraph 3, the experiment by Asch shows _.A. following others is always rightB. social

17、 proof may change peoples ideasC. its difficult to carry out the experimentD. people can study better if they are alone7. The underlined word It in Paragraph 4 refers to _.A. running with othersB. hunting with friendsC. copying others actionD. doing something different8. According to the passage, we

18、 can infer(推断) that _.A. its important to run with others anytimeB. products in the advertisement are the bestC. we mustnt copy others action to keep safeD. we need to think twice before following others【文章大意】本文主要通过一些社会现象以及科学家做的实验，告诉大家不要盲目随波逐流。5. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段可知，分别讲了在公园和在音乐会上的两种现象别人抬头看天空你也会不自觉地看天

19、空，别人在音乐会上鼓掌，不一会儿整个屋子的人都会跟着鼓掌。通过这两个例子引出本文主题，故答案选B。6. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文中第3段中的信息It shows how social proof can influence us. 它说明了社会认同感是如何影响我们的；故答案选B。7. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文We are descendants(后代) of those who copied others action. 我们是那些复制他人行为的人的后代。结合本句It is so deeply planted in our mind它深深的植入了我们的思想中，它指的就是复制其他人的行

20、为这件事；故答案选C。8. D【解析】推理判断题。根据文章我们可以推断，在追随其他人之前，我们需要再三考虑. 恰巧这也是整篇文章的主旨，不要盲目随波逐流。故答案选D。（三）【2019 浙江省衢州市】Texting while driving is against the law in 47 states. But what about texting while walking? A 2018 study reported that more than 2, 500 people in the US ended up in hospitals resulting from using a mo

21、bile device(设备) while walking.Hawaii passed a law making it illegal(违法的) to text or look down at a mobile device while crossing the street. It is the first state with a law like this. Do people think more places should accept such a law? The LA Times did a survey. Here are some replies they received

22、.Rena Jose, 2, New YorkWhich is more important, texting or safety? If you are looking at your phone while walking, you might not see a car come or traffic lights turn red. It can be very dangerous. For example, in Japan, one person fell into a lake and another got her leg stuck in a hole, because bo

23、th had their mind on their phone. We should make texting while crossing the street illegal in more cities.Andy Selvam, 55, California People do many things that cause injury to themselves but are not illegal, such as climbing mountains, driving cars, swimming and so on. People might get hurt from te

24、xting and walking if theyre not paying attention. But I still think they should have a choice.Bob Madigan, 45, OregonAs humans, we can make our own decisions. Im not saying its safe, but we dont need the government to babysit us. If we want to learn to make smart decisions, the government needs to s

25、top telling us what to do. After all, this is a free country.Andrew Black, 34, AlaskaThis law is a good ideacompare this protection with seat belts. If this law is passed all over US, people will be worried. But is there really a way to please everyone? This would not be for fun. It would be safe an

26、d good for all Americans.9. According to the passage, in _, it is against the law if people text while crossing the street.A. AlaskaB. CaliforniaC. HawaiiD. New York10. The LA Times did the survey most probably to _.A. win the hearts of more readersB. encourage more states to pass the lawC. ask read

27、ers if they agree with texting while drivingD. learn about peoples opinions on texting while walking11. In Renas reply, she showed the danger of texting while walking by _.A. using numbersB. giving examplesC. asking questionsD. telling stories12. Which of the following is Andrew Blacks opinion?A. Te

28、xting is more important than safety.B. The law would help to keep Americans safe.C. Its easy to please everyone when passing a law.D. Whether to text or not while walking is peoples own choice.【文章大意】本文主要谈论过马路发短信的问题。在美国47个州，开车时发短信是违法的。一项2018年的研究报告称，美国有2500多人因走路使用了手机最终住进了医院。夏威夷通过了一项法律，规定过街时发短信或看手机是违法的

29、。洛杉矶时报就此事做了一项调查。9. C【解析】题意：在_，人们在过街时发短信是违法的。考查细节理解。根据第2段第2句Hawaii passed a law making it illegal(违法的) to text or look down at a mobile device while crossing the street.（夏威夷通过了一项法律，规定过街时发短信或看手机是违法的。）可知在夏威夷，人们在过街时发短信是违法的。故选C。10. D【解析】题意：洛杉矶时报做这项调查很可能是为了_。考查细节理解。根据第2段第3和4句Do people think more places sh

30、ould accept such a law? The LA Times did a survey.（人们认为更多的地方应该接受这样的法律吗？洛杉矶时报做了一项调查。）可知洛杉矶时报做这项调查很可能是为了了解人们对走路时发短信的看法；故选D。11. B【解析】题意：在Rena的回复中，她通过_说明了走路时发短信的危险。考查细节理解。根据表格一第4句For example, in Japan, one person fell into a lake and another got her leg stuck in a hole可知在Rena的回复中，她通过举例说明了走路时发短信的危险。故选B。1

31、2. B【解析】题意：以下哪项是安德鲁布莱克的观点？考查细节理解。根据表格4第5句It would be safe and good for all Americans.（这对所有美国人都是安全和有益的。）可知安德鲁布莱克认为这项法律将有助于保护美国人的安全。故选B。（四）【2019 安徽省中考】 Have you tried to run or walk for exercise and then given up? If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aqua

32、tic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise.Aquatic exercise feels easier than exercising on land. Why? You weigh about 90% less in the pool. It is better for your knees than running or walking. Water is about 1, 000 times

33、 thicker and heavier than air. To move through the water, your body has to work four times as hard. As a result, you can burn more calories (卡路里).In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. They stop thinking about the things that make them worried. They feel in control of their bo

34、dies. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.But what if you are afraid of the water? No problem! There is nothing to worry about. Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesnt require any special skills. You dont even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone.13.

35、What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?A. Difference between air and water.B. Weight change of ones body.C. The advantages of aquatic exercise.D. The ways to do aquatic exercise.14. What do most people think of aquatic exercise?A. Relaxing.B. Worrying.C. Challenging.D. Boring.15. According to the text, aq

36、uatic exercise is _.A. done in groupsB. fit for everyoneC. difficult to learnD. done with special skills16. In which part of a magazine can we read the text?A. Culture.B. Health.C. Nature.D. Travel.【文章大意】跑步或走路来锻炼身体总是很容易半途而废，那么就来尝试一下水中运动吧，它就像陆地上的锻炼一样，只不过是在游泳池里。这种锻炼可以燃烧更多的卡路里，且不会伤害你的膝盖，还能让人们感觉很放松，因此受到

37、了越来越多人的欢迎。13. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段的文意可知，这一段介绍了水中运动比陆地运动更容易的原因，它不伤害你的膝盖，且能燃烧更多的卡路里。总而言之，这一段介绍的是水中运动的优点，故C选项符合文意。14. A【解析】细节理解题。大多数人认为水中运动怎么样？A. Relaxing令人放松的。B.是令人担心的；C.是有挑战性的；D.是无聊的。根据短文第三段中In fact, most people say they feel more relaxed in the water. The cool, quiet environment makes them feel good.可知，

38、大多数人都觉得在水里很放松，感觉很好。由此可知应选A。15. B【解析】细节理解题。根据短文最后一段Aquatic exercise is safe and easy to learn. It doesnt require any special skills. You dont even need to know how to swim. Aquatic exercise is for everyone可知，水中运动非常安全、学起来也很容易，不需要什么特殊的技能，它适合每个人。由此可知应选B。16. B【解析】推理判断题。我们在杂志那个板块可以读到以上内容？A.是文化；C.是自然；D.是旅行

39、。根据短文第一段If you answered yes, you should try a new kind of exercise: aquatic (水中的) exercise. Aquatic exercise is like exercise on land, but you do it in a swimming pool. More and more people are trying aquatic exercise可知，短文介绍的是一种越来越受人们欢迎的新运动水中运动，这样的内容应该在杂志上的健康版块，故应先B。（五）【2019 山东省潍坊市】 A recent study f

40、rom a team of South Korean researchers suggests that eating alone often may lead to poor eating habits and poor food choices .Specifically ,the study found that men who ate alone more than twice a week had a greater risk of developing high blood pressure ,high cholesterol and diabetes.For children,

41、eating with their families is not only about preventing bad outcomes(结果) it is also about developing good ones.In 2014, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD) looked at data from nearly three-quarters of the worlds countries .Among its findings was the fact that students who

42、 shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol(吸毒酗酒). In the report, titled The Importance of Family Dinners (VIII) , researchers say that teens who have frequent family dinners

43、 are more likely to say their parents know a lot about whats going on in their lives . They also claim that when teens say they feel closer to their parents, they are less likely to use drugs and alcohol.Another study from the University of Montreal found that children who ate with their families ex

44、perience long term physical and mental health benefits(好处) .These children were physically in better shape and drank fewer sugary soft drinks .These children also seemed to have better social skills and they were less aggressive(好斗的).Professor Linda Pagani says that mealtimes shared with parents lik

45、ely provide young children with first-hand social interactions ,discussions of social issues(事件) and day-to-day concerns . She adds that they may likely help the child have better communication skills with others.17. What can be the best title for the text?A. Benefits of eating togetherB. Advantages

46、 of eating aloneC. Ways of developing social skillsD. Risks of using drugs and alcohol18. Children eating with their families are more likely to _.A. drink more sugary soft drinksB. do well in their studies at schoolC. be more socially active and aggressiveD. have a closer relationship with their pa

47、rents19. Why is Professor Pagani mentioned in the last paragraph?A. To introduce herB. To add a new pointC. To explain furtherD. To provide background information20. From which is the text probably taken?A. A travel guideB. A biology textbookC. A cooking instructionD. A science magazine【文章大意】这是一篇说明文

48、，多项研究结果说明家人一起吃饭的重要性，民以食为天，吃饭是一个让我们停下手中的事情来享受生活的机会。17. A【解析】主旨大意题。根据.Among its findings was the fact that students who shared a main meal with their families were less likely to skip school .Children who eat a main meal with their families are also less likely to abuse drugs and alcohol(吸毒酗酒).和Another study from the University of Montreal found t