19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16.3 阅读理解（说明文）（第01期）（解析版）

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1、2019年中考真题英语分项汇编（一）【2019 重庆市中考】Cinyee Chiu, an artist from Taiwan, is always happy to try something new. Her amazing works won lots of prizes. Among them, 24 Solar Terms(节气) is the most popular.Ancient Chinese divided a year into 24 parts according to the changes of the weather. Its the 24 solar term

2、s. But not everyone knows them well. Cinyee Chiu put the 24 solar terns in pictures to help people understand them better.Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. But these animals are not just animals. You can also find seasonal fruits, vegetables or beautiful flowers on them.When spring comes

3、, water gets warm and fish start to swim around. So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. Also, she drew spring vegetables, Chinese chives on the back of the fish. White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn. There are colorful leaves and cooler nights at

4、this time of year. As the temperature falls, white dew(露珠) is often seen on the grass and trees at night. For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoona small animal with thick hair. She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. And she used the dragon fruit to show the rich colors in autumn.The you

5、ng artist really gave the ancient Chinese culture a new look.1. The writer gave _ examples to show Cinyees 24 Solar Terms.A. twoB. threeC. fourD. five2. From Paragraph 5, we know that _.A. a raccoon likes fishB. Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8C. White Dew shows the end of the autumnD. Cinyee u

6、sed white spots to show dew3. According to the passage, Picture _ cant be from Cinyees 24 Solar Terms.A. B. C. D. 4. The writer mainly wants to talk about _.A. why Cinyee made herself knownB. who divided a year into 24 partsC. how Cinyee showed the 24 solar termsD. what Start of Spring and White Dew

7、 mean【文章大意】本文介绍了来自台湾的艺术家Cinyee Chiu是如何用动物来展示24节气的。Cinyee把每个节气都变成了一种动物。并且通过两个例子：鱼代表立春；浣熊代表白露。来加以说明。最后说明了这位年轻的艺术家使中国古代文化焕然一新。1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据句子So Cinyee chose fish as a symbol of Start of Spring. 因此，Cinyee选择鱼作为立春的象征。和句子For White Dew, Cinyee chose a raccoona small animal with thick hair. She drew white

8、 spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. 对于白露这一节气，Cinyee Chiu选择了一只浣熊一种长着浓密毛发的小动物。她在浣熊身上画了白点（小圆点）来表示露水。可知，作者举了两个例子来说明Cinyee的24节气。故选A。2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Cinyee chose a raccoona small animal with thick hair. Cinyee选择了一只浣熊一种长着浓密毛发的小动物。可知，A不对；选项B的句子Start of Spring falls on about Dec. 8. 立春大约在12月8日左右。短文中并没有提到

9、，因此B不正确；根据原文White Dew falls on about Sept. 8. It shows the beginning of the cool autumn.白露在9月8日左右。它显示了凉爽的秋天的开始。因此选项C. White Dew shows the end of the autumn白露表示秋末。是错误的；根据第五段的句子She drew white spots(小圆点) on the raccoon to show dew. 她在浣熊身上画了白点（小圆点）来表示露水。可知，Cinyee使用白点来显示露水。因此本题正确的答案为D。3. D【解析】细节理解题。题干问哪一

10、幅图不可能来自Cinyee的24 节气。根据Cinyee turned each solar term into an animal. Cinyee可知，Cinyee把每个节气都变成了一种动物。而图片D是画了一只鸟的立春图，是挂历性质的一幅图片，所以该选项不可能来自于Cinyee的24 节气。故选D。4. C【解析】主旨大意题。根据Among them, 24 Solar Terms(节气) is the most popular. 其中，24节气最受欢迎。以及下文的两个例子，主要用来说明Cinyee是如何用动物图片来展示24个节气的。所以选C。（二）【2019 浙江省温州市】Many obj

11、ects in the universe are invisible, but they send radio waves. The radio telescope thus appeared, and it is considered one of the greatest inventions in the twentieth century. Reber built the worlds first radio telescope in 1937. Ryle and Hewish developed radio telescope systems for the location of

12、weak radio sources, and they shared the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974. A radio telescope is usually made up of:One or more antennas to collect the radio waves. Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a curved mi

13、rror focuses visible light to one point.A receiver and amplifier to receive the radio waves from the sub-reflector, and make these weak radio waves strong enough to be recorded and turned into electronic signals. To make an amplifier sensitive enough, it is usually cooled to, very low temperatures (

14、e. g. as low as -270）.A recorder to keep a record of the electronic signals. Most: radio telescopes today keep the signals to the computers memory disk for astronomers to analyze later.Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak.

15、 To catch Radio wavelengths are much longer than those of visible light, and the radio waves from deep space are always weak. To catch these waves, radio telescopes usually have huge antennas. The sizes of most antennas in use today are around 50 to 300 metres in diameter. The antenna of FAST in Gui

16、zhou, China, the latest and largest radio telescope in the world, is 500 metres in diameter, as large as the size of 30 football fields.To avoid interferences, and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals. For exam

17、ple, FAST is 5 kilometres away from the closest village and 25 kilometres away from the nearest town. Radio telescopes create pictures of the sky, not in visible light, but in radio waves. This is extremely useful, because there are objects that cant be seen, objects that we wouldnt even know withou

18、t radio telescopes.5. Radio telescopes help collect _ from the universeA. lightB. objectsC. radio wavesD. visible signals6. Most antennas of radio telescopes are made in the shape of a dish to _.A. make the antennas strong enoughB. increase the number of radio wavesC. turn radio waves into electroni

19、c signalsD. focus radio waves on the sub-reflector7. The underlined word interferences in the passage refers to _.A. the noises made by villagers and animalsB. the sounds from the radios and televisionsC. the people who go to Guizhou to watch FAST workD. the radio waves and electronic signals from h

20、umans8. What have we done with the help of radio telescopes?A. We have received pictures of deep space.B. We have discovered unknown lives in the universe.C. We have found some unknown objects in the universe.D. We have turned the radio waves from space into light.【文章大意】本文主要介绍了无线电天文望远镜，详细介绍了它的发明、构成、

21、工作原理、作用等。5. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息A radio telescope is usually made up of：One or more antennas to collect the radio waves.可知，无线天文望远镜帮助收集宇宙中的无线电波，故答案选C。6. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息Most antennas are made in the shape of a dish to collect and reflect, the radio waves to the sub-reflector, in the same way as a cur

22、ved mirror focuses visible light to one point.可知，大多数无线天文望远镜的天线都是碟形的，用来将无线电波聚焦在副反射器上，故答案选D。7. D【解析】词义猜测题。根据下文and keep the telescopes sensitive, radio telescopes are built in places where there are no human radio waves or electronic signals.可知是为了避免干扰，保持望远镜的灵敏度，无线天文电望远镜建在没有人类无线电波或电子信号的地方。所以interference

23、s指的是来自人类的无线电波和电子信号，故答案选D。8. C【解析】细节理解题。根据文中的信息This is extremely useful, because there are objects that cant be seen, objects that we wouldnt even know without radio telescopes.可推知，在无线天文望远镜的帮助下，我们发现了宇宙中一些未知的物体，故答案选C。（三）【2019 浙江省衢州市】 The world has a plastics problem. And not just with bottles. Straws(

24、吸管), toothbrushes, toysall kinds of plastics are placed in landfills. There are 5 billion tons of plastic waste in the world. Landfills have a large part of it. By 2050, they could have 13 billion tons.Much of plastic rubbish finds its way into the ocean. Scientists say 165 million tons of plastic p

25、ieces are floating around out there. And most plastic wont disappear itself. It will remain in the ocean forever. Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps. It endangers ocean life. Plastic rubbish even ends up in the food we eat.Government

26、s are realizing that recycling may not be enough. They are taking more actions. Though it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem. In Britain, people are not allowed to use plastic bags except in hospitals. Scotland and several coastal cities in the US stop people from using plastic straws as w

27、ell. The US alone throws away some 500 million plastic straws a day. Thats enough to circle the Earth twice. Saying no to a plastic straw is an easy way to make a big difference, Dana Lofflin who started www.strawfree.org said. Do we really want to pass on to our children a world harmed by plastic?P

28、eople have found some tasty ways to reduce waste. A company in India made the first-ever spoon that people can eat. You dont have to eat the spoon. You can throw it away. It decomposes(分解) in just a few days. David Edwards, a scientist at Harvard University, designed an eatable bag which can protect

29、 the food or drink inside. It is a delicious replacement for plastic ones.9. According to the write, birds die because they _.A. eat bottle caps and strawsB. get caught in fishing netsC. feed on ocean animalsD. have the spoons in India10. The underlined word endangers in Paragraph 2 probably means _

30、.A. bringsB. losesC. harmsD. saves11. The purpose of the passage is mainly to _.A. introduce some ways to recycle wasteB. tell readers about the problem with plasticsC. compare air pollution and plastic pollutionD. describe how the US is reducing plastic waste12. From the passage, we can tell that t

31、he plastics problem _.A. is too big for people to solveB. can be solved by recycling aloneC. can be solved, but it wont be easyD. will have to be solved by future scientists【文章大意】本文讲述了关于塑料问题。塑料废料越来越多。到2050年，他们可能有130亿吨。许多塑料垃圾都能进入海洋。它危及海洋生物。塑料垃圾甚至最终会进入我们吃的食物中。各国政府正正在采取更多的行动。塑料问题是可以解决，但不容易。9. A【解析】题意：据

32、报道，鸟类死亡是因为_。考查细节理解。根据第2段第6句Birds die because of eating plastic straws and bottle caps.（鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。）可知鸟类死亡是因为鸟吃塑料吸管和瓶盖；故选A。10. C【解析】题意：第2段中下画线单词endangers可能意思是_。考查词义猜测。A. brings带来；B. loses失去；C. harms伤害；D. saves拯救。根据上文Whales get caught in plastic fishing nets. Birds die because of eating plastic straw

33、s and bottle caps.（鲸鱼被塑料渔网捕获。鸟死于吃塑料吸管和瓶盖。）描述可知此句It endangers ocean life.句意是：它危害海洋生物。根据句意可知endangers可能意思是harms；选C。11. B【解析】题意：这篇文章的目的主要是_。考查主旨理解。本文讲述了关于塑料问题。根据本文主要内容可知这篇文章的目的主要是告诉读者塑料的问题；故选B。12. C【解析】题意：从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题_。考查主旨理解。根据第3段第3句Though it is hard work, it is still a solvable problem.（虽然工作很辛苦，但仍然

34、是一个可以解决的问题。）可知从文章中我们可以看出塑料问题可以解决，但不容易；故选C。（四）【2019 四川省广安市】 Artificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)is the ability of a computer program or a machine. The computer or the machine with AI can think and learn. It is also a field of study that tries to make computers smart. John McCarthy, a scientist, came up

35、with(提出)the name artificial intelligence over 60 years ago. Many things such as learning and problem solving can be done by computers, though not in the same way as people do.An unusual goal of AI research is to create computer programs. They can learn, solve problems, and think logically(逻辑地）. At p

36、resent, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie (识别）human faces, operate self-driving cars and compete in some game systems like playing Chess. However, some people also consider(认为）AI a danger to humans if it develops too quickly. A famous British scientist also was not for this

37、kind of technology.Math is the basic language of AI. If students are good at math, they will be more likely to become successful AI designers(设计者）in the future. We need not only bright students, but also average(普通的）students. As for(对于）average students, if they get enough math skills, they can also

38、become successful AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing.Scientists hope to create creative(有创造力）and emotional (有感情的）AI. The AI can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and

39、exciting field.13. From Paragraph 1, we know that _.A. all problems can be solved by computersB. machines with AI can think and learnC. AI has been around for only 60 yearsD. AI works in the same way as people14. According to the passage, what cant AI do at present?A. Understand human speech.B. Oper

40、ate self-driving cars.C. Compete in some game systems.D. Understand human feelings.15. The underlined worditin Paragraph 2 refers to(指的是）_.A. chessB. a scientistC. the dangerD. AI16. According to the passage, if students want to become successful AI designers, they should learn _ well.A. math and ar

41、tB. art and technologyC. math and computer scienceD. art and computer science17. Paragraph 4 mainly tells us the scientist _ about AI.A. wishesB. worriesC. feelingsD. discoveries【文章大意】人工智能是电脑程序或者机器可以学习和思考的一种能力，这方面的研究目的在于创造出能学习、解决问题和思考的电脑程序。本文简单介绍了人工智能，并表示科学家们正在这个领域努力研究。13. B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段第一句和第二句Art

42、ificial intelligence(AI)(人工智能)is the ability of a computer program or a machine. The computer or the machine with AI can think and learn. 人工智能是计算机程序或机器的能力。计算机或具有人工智能的机器可以思考和学习。可知，故选B。14. D【解析】细节理解题。根据At present, Al can successfully understanding human speech, recognizie (识别）human faces, operate self

43、-driving cars and compete in some game systems like playing Chess. 目前，艾尔能够成功地理解人类的语言，识别（识别）人类的面孔，操作自动驾驶的汽车，并在一些游戏系统（如下棋）中进行竞争。可知，故选D。15. D【解析】代词指代题。根据上文的Some people also consider(认为）AI a danger to humans有些人还认为人工智能对人类是一种危险。可知，it指的是AI，如果人工智能发展迅速的话，它对人类是一种危险。故选D。16. C【解析】推理判断题。根据文中We need not only brig

44、ht students, but also average(普通的）students. As for(对于）average students, if they get enough math skills, they can also become successful AI designers. Besides, a good knowledge of computer science is also necessary for AI designing. 我们不仅需要聪明的学生，也需要普通的学生。至于普通的学生，如果他们有足够的数学技能，他们也可以成为成功的人工智能设计师。此外，对于人工智

45、能设计来说，良好的计算机科学知识也是必不可少的。可知，故选C。17. A【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段Scientists hope to create creative(有创造力）and emotional (有感情的）AI. The AI can possibly understand human feelings or create art. Many ways and tools have been tried to discover this wide and exciting field. 科学家们希望创造出有创造力和情感的人工智能。人工智能可能理解人类的感受或创造艺术。许多方法

46、和工具都试图发现这个广阔而令人兴奋的领域。可知，故选A。【点睛】阅读理解一般考查学生的细节理解能力、主旨理解能力和推理判断能力。做阅读理解题，首先要准确理解题意，然后根据题意和短文内容选出正确的答案。（1）考查细节理解能力，此类型题较简单，学生准确理解题意后，直接到文中找出答案。（2）考查猜词能力。做这种题型时，学生要根据上下文意思准确猜出词义。3）考查推理判断能力，此类题型较难，学生要准确理解题意后，在文中找出相关的内容做出合理的推断。本文主要考查学生的细节理解能力。准确理解题意后，到文中找出相关的叙述，做出正确的判断。（五）【2019 安徽省中考】 The world uses about

47、 a thousand million(百万) tons of water a day. Water is a human right and everyone should have their share. Yet more than 700 million people around the world have trouble getting clean, safe water.Treating wastewater is a good way to provide fresh water for us. And it also helps the environment by kee

48、ping waste out of rivers and oceans. 80% of wastewater around the world is not treated at all, and it is running into oceans. But now we have got the technology to treat and reuse the wastewater.While 75% of our planet is covered with water, only about 2% is fresh waterthat comes from rivers, lakes, ice and snow. The rest, 98% of the water, is in seas a