19年中考英语真题 分类 专题16.3 阅读理解（说明文）（第02期）（原卷版）

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1、2019年中考真题英语分项汇编（一）【2019 江西省中考】Everyone faces challenges in their life, but some are more important than others. Daniel Kish had serious problems with his eyes when he was born. And doctors took away both of his eyes before he was fourteen months old. Soon after, however, he started to do an amazing

2、thing. He started to make clicking(咔塔) sounds with his tongue（舌头） to help him move around. Much like a bat(蝙幅), he now moves about using sonar(声呐). He is so good at it that he can ride a bicycle in traffic. He and his group, World Access for the Blind, teach others how to use sonar. In this intervie

3、w with National Geographic, Kish explains how the process works.How does sonar work?When I make a clicking sound, it makes sound waves. These waves reflect(反射) off surfaces all around and return to my ears. My brain then processes the sounds into images(图像). Its like having a conversation with the e

4、nvironmentWhen you click, what do you see in your mind?Each click is like a camera flash. I make a 3D image of the things around me for hundreds of feet in every direction.What is it like riding a bike using sonar?Its exciting and enjoyable but requires a lot of focus. I click up to two times per se

5、cond, much more than I usually do.Is it dangerous to move around the world in this way?Much of the world lives in fear of things that we mostly imagine. I have a habit of climbing anything and everything, but I never broke a bone(骨头) as a kid.How challenging is it to teach people to use sonar?Many s

6、tudents are surprised how quickly results come. Seeing isnt in the eyes, it s in the mind.1. Whats the main idea of Paragraph 2?A. Kish explains how sonar works.B. Kish teaches people how to use sonar.C. Kish started to move around using sonar.D. Kish is good at riding a bicycle in traffic.2. How do

7、es sonar work? Choose the right order. a. The sound waves reflect off surfaces. b. The person makes a clicking sound. c. The brain makes images with the sounds. d. The sound waves reach the persons ears.A. b-a-c-dB. b-d-a-cC. a-b-d-cD. b-a-d-c3. What can we know about Kish from the passage?A. He alw

8、ays challenges himself bravely.B. He lives in fear of things that he imagines.C. He became blind when he was 14 years old.D. He broke his bone when climbing as a child.4. What would be the best title for the passage?A. How Sonar Works.B. Riding a Bike Using Sonar.C. Seeing with the Mind.D. How the B

9、lind Move Around.（二）【2019 天津市中考】There are many ways to help improve your health like eating healthy food. Taking exercise and getting medical help. But the easiest and cheapest way to improve your health is just to sleep eight hours or more every night. The general sleeping rule is that the younger

10、you are, the longer sleep you need. But regardless of(不管)age, some people need to sleep more while for some a few hours is enough.The problem with sleep is that more and more people in the world are not sleeping enough. According to the World Health Organization over half the people in the world may

11、 be sleep-deprived. Having less sleep not only makes people feel tired but also causes accidents. In the United States alone, sleepy drivers cause at least 100,000 traffic accidents a year. Also sleep problems can cause medical problems such as high blood pressure(血压).Why are so many people sleep-de

12、prived? Part of the reasons may be cultural. In the American culture, people put a higher value on work than on sleep. In fact, people who sleep a lot are usually seen as lazy. Also, you can sometimes hear some people say proudly that they dont have much time to sleep. they only sleep four or five h

13、ours a night. It seems that the less you sleep, the more work youll do.How do we teach these people to learn the value of sleep? Perhaps they may listen to the advice of Dr. James Maas an expert(专家) in sleep. He says , Sleep is like a credit (信用卡) card. When you sleep less. you are only borrowing ti

14、me. You always have to pay it back. The more hours you dont sleep, the more hours you should t sleep to pay back the hours on your sleepcredit card.For those who value work more than sleep, they should listen to what a famous person once said. Dont think you will be doing less work because you sleep

15、 during the night. That is a foolish(愚蠢的) idea which is held by people who have no imagination. You will be able to do more.5. According to the writer, the easiest and cheapest way to improve health is to .A. eat healthy food every dayB. take excrcisc as much as possibleC. get medical help whenever

16、necessaryD. sleep eight hours or more every night6. What does slecep-deprived mean in Paragraph 2?A. Having a good sleep.B. Excited about sleep.C. Having less sleep.D. Interested in sleep.7. According to Dr. James Maas, what is sleep like?A. An hour.B. A report.C. A credit card.D. A piece of paper.8

17、. What do the words of the famous person mean in Paragragh 5?A. Sleeping during the night is foolish.B. Sleeping during the night is helpful.C. People have no courage.D. People always do less work.9. What is the best title of the passage?A. The Value of SleepB. The Value of StudyC. The Ways of Eatin

18、g LessD. The Ways of Making Money（三）【2019 江苏省苏州市】Every day there is less and less space on Earth for rubbish. Yet every day we make more and more rubbish. What can we do? We can recycle some of our rubbish. Recycling means that the rubbish will be made into something that can be used again.Recycling

19、 helps Earth. And it saves space in rubbish dumps. Half of everything that we put into landfills could be recycled instead. In fact, most things made of paper, metal, glass and plastic can be recycled.Paper can be broken into small pieces and made into new paper. Steel and aluminum cans（金属雄）can be m

20、elted down（熔化）and made into new cans. The same is true of glass bottles. This can be done over and over again. Recycling doesnt take as much energy as making these things the first time. So we can use less of Earths fuel resources.Plastic can be melted down, too. Then it can be formed into park benc

21、hes, playgrounds and so on. Some people call plastic the wood of the future. Things made of plastic will last about 400 years-even if they stay outside in the weather. No wood can do that!10. The underlined word landfills in Paragraph 2 probably means _.A. bench factoriesB. places for rubbishC. gree

22、n mountainsD. recycling centres11. According to the passage, what happens last to the can?A. The can is put into a recycling bin.B. The can is melted down and reused.C. A steel can gets filled with corn.D. A person uses the corn in the can.12. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Cans should be m

23、elted down.B. Old newspapers can be reused.C. We can build benches that last 400 years.D. We should recycle everything that we can.（四）【2019 浙江省宁波市】Big data(数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different ki

24、nds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies and governments. One set of data can have peoples names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where the

25、y go to school, and how much time they spend on the computerBig data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may

26、 need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.Big

27、data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds o

28、f people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way. Because they think a cert

29、ain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.13. This reading is about _.A. what big data is and how it is usedB. what sch

30、ools and hospitals people likeC. where important data is collected and storedD. how big data is controlled by governments and companies14. One company uses weather information to _.A. help children in needB. know when people will visit the hospitalC. find out who tides the bus or trainD. understand

31、when people will need ice cream15. The main idea of Paragraph 3 is _.A. big data can be used for good reasonsB. we can use big data in a number of waysC. big data can be used for both good and bad reasonsD. we can use big data to prevent babies from getting sick16. The overall tone(总基调) of this read

32、ing is _.A. sad and personalB. personal and scientificC. informative but sillyD. scientific and informative（五）【2019 四川省乐山市】When he was nine years old, American boy Milo Cress had a question: How many plastic straws(吸管) do Americans use every day?He quickly learned there wasnt a simple answer. The bo

33、y tried to work it out himself. Through lots of research, Cress found out that Americans use about 500 million straws every day. In hopes of reducing plastic waste, he founded the Be Straw Free project in 2011.Cress started the project in his hometown Burlington, Vermont. He asked a local restaurant

34、 to stop offering straws with every drink order. It was a simple change. However, it would save money. And by doing that, the restaurant would cut down on its straw use by 50 percent.For the years that followed, Cress tried to spread his project across the United States. More and more restaurants ag

35、reed to join. They stop providing the customer with a straw unless he or she asks for one. Last April, Seattle became the first American city to completely ban ( 禁 止 ) plastic straws.Plastic pollution has been one of the most serious problems today. According to scientists, more than eight million t

36、ons of plastic end up in the ocean each year. Plastic straws are especially terrible. They make it easy for people to get comfortable with single-use plastics.After his project became popular, Cress took his findings on the road. He has since spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world.

37、 He wants to encourage more people to say no to plastic straws.Focusing(聚焦) on straws is one simple step we all could take, Cress says. And it makes me feel that I, as a kid, could make a difference, too.17. When did Milo Cress start to care about the problem of straws?A. Ten years ago.B. In the yea

38、r 2011.C. In the year that he was 9.18. Cress started the Be Straw Free project in order to _.A. get a good score in science at his schoolB. encourage people to reduce plastic wasteC. become a famous person in his hometown19. What did Cress ask a restaurant in Burlington to do?A. Stop offering straw

39、s to its customers.B. Prevent people from using straws to drink.C. Count the number of straws it uses every day.20. Plastic straws are especially terrible because _.A. they are the most serious problem todayB. scientists pay little attention to their influenceC. they help people get used to using si

40、ngle-use plastics21. Over the years, Cress has _. spread his project across the United States asked Seattle to completely ban plastic bags counted the plastic straws in the ocean every year spoken to teens around the world about plastic wasteA. B. C. （六）【2019 湖南省郴州市】In todays world, almost everyone

41、knows that air pollution and water pollution are harmful to peoples health. However, not all the people know that noise is also a kind of pollution, and that is harmful to human health, too. People who work and live under noisy conditions usually become deaf. Today, scientists believe that 10% of th

42、e workers in Britain are becoming deaf because of the noise where they work. Many of the workers who print newspapers and who weave cloth（织布）become deaf. Plenty of people living near airports also become deaf. Recently it was discovered that many teenagers in America could hear no better than 65-yea

43、r-old persons, because these young people like to listen to pop music and most of pop music is a kind of noise. Besides, noise which is produced by jet planes or machines will make peoples life difficult and unpleasant. It can make people ill or even drive them mad.It is said that a continuous noise

44、 of more than 85 decibels（分贝）can cause deafness. Now the governments in many countries have made laws to control noise and make it less than 85 decibels.In China, the government is trying to solve not only air and water pollution problems but also noise pollution problems.22. Scientists believe 10%

45、of the workers _ are becoming deaf because of their noisy workplaces.A. in AmericaB. in ChinaC. in Britain23. _ will probably become deaf.A. Workers who print newspapersB. People who live far from airportsC. Students who like listening to soft music24. According to the passage, noise from jet planes

46、 or machines can _.A. make people sleepyB. drive people madC. cause people to die25. The underlined word continuous means _ in Chinese.A. 正常的B. 持续的C. 清晰的26. Whats the best title of this passage?A. Air PollutionB. Water PollutionC. Noise Pollution（七）【2019 浙江省杭州市】 Smile Train is a charity (慈善团体) that

47、helps the millions of children around the world, who suffer from a facial defect (缺陷). The defect happens when a babys top lip or mouth doesnt form properly before birth. Eating and drinking is very difficult for these babies. The charity provides free operations, which give these children a new smi

48、le, and with it, new hope and a new beginning.Children with the defect need all the help. Although many sufferers are accepted by their families, sadly, others are not. In some countries, children with this defect are often abandoned at birth because their parents feel ashamed of them or cannot afford the operations. The good news is